Ana Carneiro - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ana Carneiro
Centaurus, 2020
condemnation of counterfeit gold Psellos underscored its practical use as well. R. Franckowiak an... more condemnation of counterfeit gold Psellos underscored its practical use as well. R. Franckowiak analyses two unknown manuscripts found among the papers of Athanasius Rhetor in the Bibliothèque nationale de France. The Greek scholar, who sought and provided many manuscripts for France (and Cardinal Mazarin in particular), was also the author of chemical and alchemical notes, including more than 300 recipes written mostly in Greek and Italian. The presence of many Turkish terms suggests the existence of a Turkish Ottoman alchemy. His papers also point to the presence of a network of Greek, Western, and Turkish practitioners in Constantinople, whose names are also provided in these documents. D. Kahn tackles the links between alchemy and notions of sacred initiation inherited from ancient mysteries. Specifically, he shows how Renaissance alchemists sought secret meanings in ancient myths, particularly Michael Maier's Arcana Arcanissima (1614). Such an approach to alchemy was influential well into the 20th century (for example, in Antonin Artaud's Alchemical Theatre, published in 1938), but also contributed to understanding alchemy as primarily an esoteric field rather than a technical art. In replicating the procedures described in alchemical texts in the laboratory, L. Principe reminds us of the importance of understanding alchemy as a practical discipline and the difficulties that may lie in interpreting processes that were copied by authors (and read by readers) who were not practitioners themselves. With the case of the production of lead white, described almost uniformly (the qualifier is important here) in the works of Theophrastus, Vitruvius, Dioscorides, and Pliny the Elder, Principe points out how experiential learning gives us insights on, for instance, the equivalencies of chemical substances, or the need to take into account ancient environmental conditions or evolving terminology. Finally, K. Exarchakos and K. Skordoulis discuss the pedagogical potential that these kinds of experiments also offer in the classroom, so as to understand alchemy in its proper scientific context. The public perception of this discipline as unscientific has indeed been difficult to shake off. The paper highlights the challenges of and the experience reaped from attempting to replicate two home remedies in the Elassona manuscript (discussed by Vitelli) and to design two alchemical instruments. An overall conclusion would have been helpful, but the variety of approaches and methodologies displayed in this collection largely contributes to its value. Overall, the book is mostly addressed to specialists in the field but, depending on one's scholarly interests, there are little gems to be found.
Portuguese engineering and the colonial project in the nineteenth-century
Icon, 2000
With this paper we aim at rethinking the identification of the Portuguese project of modernisatio... more With this paper we aim at rethinking the identification of the Portuguese project of modernisation within the European context and the concept of a mission civilisatrice underlying the effective occupation of African colonial territories as voiced by the Journal of Public Works and Mining. This influential journal was published by the Portuguese Association of Civil Engineers starting in 1870. The kind of ideological framework underlying the colonial discourse of 19th century Portuguese engineers and, in general, of technologically minded spokesmen, may be grasped by a careful analysis of the first paper on the railways to be built in the Portuguese African colonies, which begins with a section having the suggestive title 'The need to build up railways in order to civilise Africa', as well as subsequent discussions in the same journal.
Unlike many other societies, which during the eighteenth century gradually found their way to a n... more Unlike many other societies, which during the eighteenth century gradually found their way to a national constitution, the greater part of Greek society remained outside the borders of the Greek national state until well after its establishment in 1832. ill fact, Greek society emerged from the setting of the Ottoman Empire as a result of re-stratifications and social changes which took place around various local centres of political and economic power. The eighteenth century was the crucial period during which Greek society refmed its shape and produced the political and ideological conditions that, to a certain degree, led to the quest for a separate national identity. Nevertheless, this process was neither uniform nor linear. Different and often competing social groups, various economic interests and diverging political traditions worked out a network of communities which struggled to define a distinctive, though in many instances still vague, position within the context of the Ottoman Empire. It was this geographically scattered network, loosely unified on the basis of common educational and religious traditions-and not a well-defined structure with intrinsic hierarchies and reproductive mechanisms-which comprised Greek society of the period. Under these circumstances, the concept of "scientific travel" acquires a highly idiosyncratic meaning when applied to Greek scholars of the eighteenth century. The particularities of a society seeking its identity in the intersection of multiple political and economic traditions and interests comprised the ground upon which these travels took place. A widespread assumption among contemporary Greek historians is that from the middle of the eighteenth century Greek scholars were conscious of the "forthcoming uprising of the nation" and did their best in order to "enlighten" their people by introducing into Greek intellectual life the attainments of the European Enlightenment. ill this sense, the emergence of a new scientific discourse after 1750 is considered a manifestation of a "progressive" movement 47
A imagem pública das ciências e da tecnologia na imprensa portuguesa (1900-1901)
Esta comunicação baseia-se numa pesquisa que pretendia obter uma imagem de como era veiculada a C... more Esta comunicação baseia-se numa pesquisa que pretendia obter uma imagem de como era veiculada a Ciência ea Tecnologia em jornais nacionais, no início do século XX. 1 As conclusões a que chegamos, e que aqui serão apresentadas, estão condicionadas a uma ...
Charles-Adolphe Wurtz, un savant dans la tourmente. Entre bouleversements politiques et revendications féministes. Pp.170, illus., index. Hermann Histoire des Sciences: Paris, 2011
L’usage technique et symbolique des cartes à la Commission géologique du Portugal (1857-1908)
Poder Político e Hegemonia Científica: os Reitores Cientistas da Universidade de Lisboa na República e no Estado Novo
Shaping Doctors and Society
Media History
President's Letter, Secretary's Note, Treasurer's Report, and Editor's Introduction
Earth Sciences History
Popularization of Science, Technology, and Medicine in the “Periphery”: A Step Further?
Technology and Culture, 2016
Based on the research that has been carried out within STEP, this essay suggests an integrative a... more Based on the research that has been carried out within STEP, this essay suggests an integrative approach for the study of science, technology and medicine popularization in the European periphery during the nineteenth and early-twentieth century. Such an approach can be a privileged tool not only for examining the complex processes of institutionalization and specialization of STM in peripheral countries, but also for exploring the interplay of STM in the making of modernity, since popularization seemed to have deep political implications in the implementation of modernization programs and the construction of national and professional identities in the European periphery.
Propaganda and Philanthropy: The Institute Bento da Rocha Cabral, the Lisbon Site of Biochemistry (1925–1953)
Ambix, 2015
This paper focuses on the internal organization and dynamics of the Institute Bento da Rocha Cabr... more This paper focuses on the internal organization and dynamics of the Institute Bento da Rocha Cabral (IRC) in Lisbon, a privately-funded institution devoted to biomedical research, from the particular vantage point of its laboratory of biochemistry; in particular, the process through which the institution turned from medically-related to chemically-related research in the period spanning from 1925 to 1953. The history of the IRC raises interesting questions regarding the social politics of science as it materialized the desire of leading physicians of the Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon to create proper physical facilities for medically-related scientific research. We argue that the process which led to the creation of the IRC coincided with the gradual professional and political ascendance of physicians in Portuguese society initiated in the late nineteenth century, and is closely associated with Portuguese republicanism and the process of Lisbon becoming the scientific capital.
Chapter 12. PORTUGAL: Tackling a Complex Chemical Equation: The Portuguese Society of Chemistry, 1911–1926
Creating Networks in Chemistry, 2008
Chimistes alsaciens à Paris au 19ème siècle: un réseau, une école?
Annals of Science, 1997
ABSTRACT Au 19ème siècle, on remarque la présence, dans la chimie française, d'un nombre ... more ABSTRACT Au 19ème siècle, on remarque la présence, dans la chimie française, d'un nombre considérable d'Alsaciens dont les contributions scientifiques ne peuvent être ignorées. Essentiellement à la suite de la guerre franco-prussienne, leur origine régionale est souvent mise en avant afin de leur attribuer une certaine singularité: mais peut-on distinguer les Alsaciens des autres chimistes français avant 1870? Forment-ils un groupe homogène de par la spécificité de leur lieu d'origine? Cet article a pour but de démontrer que, par leurs options théoriques, leurs relations personnelles et professionnelles et aussi par leur participation à bien d'initiatives communes, ils se sont organisés au sein de la communauté scientifique parisienne. Parmi ces formes d'organisation, on dégage le rôle fondamentale de l'école de recherche du chimiste Adolphe Wurtz (1817–84) qui apu fonctionner comme noyau de ce qu'on peut considérer comme un vrai réseau de chimistes alsaciens à Paris, pendant la seconde moitié du 19ème siècle.
Popularization of science, technology and medicine in the periphery: A step further?", Technology and Culture, 57/4 (2016): 966-977
Technology and Culture, Oct 1, 2016
Based on the research that has been carried out within STEP, this essay suggests an integrative a... more Based on the research that has been carried out within STEP, this essay suggests an integrative approach for the study of science, technology and medicine popularization in the European periphery during the nineteenth and early-twentieth century. Such an approach can be a privileged tool not only for examining the complex processes of institutionalization and specialization of STM in peripheral countries, but also for exploring the interplay of STM in the making of modernity, since popularization seemed to have deep political implications in the implementation of modernization programs and the construction of national and professional identities in the European periphery.
Citizen of the World. A Scientific Biography of the Abbé Correia da Serra
Sharing common ground: Nery Delgado (1835 1908) in Spain in 1878
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2007
... separating rivers Narcea and Navia. That had been Prado's conclusion in relation to the ... more ... separating rivers Narcea and Navia. That had been Prado's conclusion in relation to the mountain range of El Crono de Peñarubia, running northwards until reaching the sea (Nery Delgado 1879, p. 17). Paradoxides was observed in ...
The research school of chemistry of Adolphe Wurtz, Paris, 1853-1884
ABSTRACT Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kent at Cantebury, 1992. Includes bibliographical referen... more ABSTRACT Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kent at Cantebury, 1992. Includes bibliographical references (p. 319-354). Photocopy. s
Penélope: revista de história …, 2000
74 Ana Carneiro, Maria Paula Diogo e Ana Simões portuguesa dos séculos XVIII e XIX; a sua utiliza... more 74 Ana Carneiro, Maria Paula Diogo e Ana Simões portuguesa dos séculos XVIII e XIX; a sua utilização projectou-se sempre sobre uma grelha valorativa, em que o termo estrangeirado se assumia como uma adjecti-vação positiva ou negativa, mas nunca neutra, de um grupo ( ...
Notes and Records of the Royal Society, 2013
This paper addresses the relationship between geology and religion in Portugal by focusing on thr... more This paper addresses the relationship between geology and religion in Portugal by focusing on three case studies of naturalists who produced original research and lived in different historical periods, from the eighteenth to the twentieth century. Whereas in non-peripheral European countries religious themes and even controversies between science and religion were dealt with by scientists and discussed in scientific communities, in Portugal the absence of a debate between science and religion within scientific and intellectual circles is particularly striking. From the historiographic point of view, in a country such as Portugal, where Roman Catholicism is part of the religious and cultural tradition, the influence of religion in all aspects of life has been either taken for granted by those less familiar with the national context or dismissed by local intellectuals, who do not see it as relevant to science. The situation is more complex than these dichotomies, rendering the study of this question particularly appealing from the historiographic point of view, geology being by its very nature a well-suited point from which to approach the theme. We argue that there is a long tradition of independence between science and religion, agnosticism and even atheism among local elites. Especially from the eighteenth century onwards, they are usually portrayed as enlightened minds who struggled against religious and political obscurantism. Religion-or, to be more precise, the Roman Catholic Church and its institutions-was usually identified with backwardness, whereas science was seen as the path to progress; consequently men of science usually dissociated their scientific production from religious belief.
‘A Time for Engineers and a Time for Geologists’: Scientific Lives and Different Pathways in the History of Portuguese Geology
Earth Sciences History, 2013
Centaurus, 2020
condemnation of counterfeit gold Psellos underscored its practical use as well. R. Franckowiak an... more condemnation of counterfeit gold Psellos underscored its practical use as well. R. Franckowiak analyses two unknown manuscripts found among the papers of Athanasius Rhetor in the Bibliothèque nationale de France. The Greek scholar, who sought and provided many manuscripts for France (and Cardinal Mazarin in particular), was also the author of chemical and alchemical notes, including more than 300 recipes written mostly in Greek and Italian. The presence of many Turkish terms suggests the existence of a Turkish Ottoman alchemy. His papers also point to the presence of a network of Greek, Western, and Turkish practitioners in Constantinople, whose names are also provided in these documents. D. Kahn tackles the links between alchemy and notions of sacred initiation inherited from ancient mysteries. Specifically, he shows how Renaissance alchemists sought secret meanings in ancient myths, particularly Michael Maier's Arcana Arcanissima (1614). Such an approach to alchemy was influential well into the 20th century (for example, in Antonin Artaud's Alchemical Theatre, published in 1938), but also contributed to understanding alchemy as primarily an esoteric field rather than a technical art. In replicating the procedures described in alchemical texts in the laboratory, L. Principe reminds us of the importance of understanding alchemy as a practical discipline and the difficulties that may lie in interpreting processes that were copied by authors (and read by readers) who were not practitioners themselves. With the case of the production of lead white, described almost uniformly (the qualifier is important here) in the works of Theophrastus, Vitruvius, Dioscorides, and Pliny the Elder, Principe points out how experiential learning gives us insights on, for instance, the equivalencies of chemical substances, or the need to take into account ancient environmental conditions or evolving terminology. Finally, K. Exarchakos and K. Skordoulis discuss the pedagogical potential that these kinds of experiments also offer in the classroom, so as to understand alchemy in its proper scientific context. The public perception of this discipline as unscientific has indeed been difficult to shake off. The paper highlights the challenges of and the experience reaped from attempting to replicate two home remedies in the Elassona manuscript (discussed by Vitelli) and to design two alchemical instruments. An overall conclusion would have been helpful, but the variety of approaches and methodologies displayed in this collection largely contributes to its value. Overall, the book is mostly addressed to specialists in the field but, depending on one's scholarly interests, there are little gems to be found.
Portuguese engineering and the colonial project in the nineteenth-century
Icon, 2000
With this paper we aim at rethinking the identification of the Portuguese project of modernisatio... more With this paper we aim at rethinking the identification of the Portuguese project of modernisation within the European context and the concept of a mission civilisatrice underlying the effective occupation of African colonial territories as voiced by the Journal of Public Works and Mining. This influential journal was published by the Portuguese Association of Civil Engineers starting in 1870. The kind of ideological framework underlying the colonial discourse of 19th century Portuguese engineers and, in general, of technologically minded spokesmen, may be grasped by a careful analysis of the first paper on the railways to be built in the Portuguese African colonies, which begins with a section having the suggestive title 'The need to build up railways in order to civilise Africa', as well as subsequent discussions in the same journal.
Unlike many other societies, which during the eighteenth century gradually found their way to a n... more Unlike many other societies, which during the eighteenth century gradually found their way to a national constitution, the greater part of Greek society remained outside the borders of the Greek national state until well after its establishment in 1832. ill fact, Greek society emerged from the setting of the Ottoman Empire as a result of re-stratifications and social changes which took place around various local centres of political and economic power. The eighteenth century was the crucial period during which Greek society refmed its shape and produced the political and ideological conditions that, to a certain degree, led to the quest for a separate national identity. Nevertheless, this process was neither uniform nor linear. Different and often competing social groups, various economic interests and diverging political traditions worked out a network of communities which struggled to define a distinctive, though in many instances still vague, position within the context of the Ottoman Empire. It was this geographically scattered network, loosely unified on the basis of common educational and religious traditions-and not a well-defined structure with intrinsic hierarchies and reproductive mechanisms-which comprised Greek society of the period. Under these circumstances, the concept of "scientific travel" acquires a highly idiosyncratic meaning when applied to Greek scholars of the eighteenth century. The particularities of a society seeking its identity in the intersection of multiple political and economic traditions and interests comprised the ground upon which these travels took place. A widespread assumption among contemporary Greek historians is that from the middle of the eighteenth century Greek scholars were conscious of the "forthcoming uprising of the nation" and did their best in order to "enlighten" their people by introducing into Greek intellectual life the attainments of the European Enlightenment. ill this sense, the emergence of a new scientific discourse after 1750 is considered a manifestation of a "progressive" movement 47
A imagem pública das ciências e da tecnologia na imprensa portuguesa (1900-1901)
Esta comunicação baseia-se numa pesquisa que pretendia obter uma imagem de como era veiculada a C... more Esta comunicação baseia-se numa pesquisa que pretendia obter uma imagem de como era veiculada a Ciência ea Tecnologia em jornais nacionais, no início do século XX. 1 As conclusões a que chegamos, e que aqui serão apresentadas, estão condicionadas a uma ...
Charles-Adolphe Wurtz, un savant dans la tourmente. Entre bouleversements politiques et revendications féministes. Pp.170, illus., index. Hermann Histoire des Sciences: Paris, 2011
L’usage technique et symbolique des cartes à la Commission géologique du Portugal (1857-1908)
Poder Político e Hegemonia Científica: os Reitores Cientistas da Universidade de Lisboa na República e no Estado Novo
Shaping Doctors and Society
Media History
President's Letter, Secretary's Note, Treasurer's Report, and Editor's Introduction
Earth Sciences History
Popularization of Science, Technology, and Medicine in the “Periphery”: A Step Further?
Technology and Culture, 2016
Based on the research that has been carried out within STEP, this essay suggests an integrative a... more Based on the research that has been carried out within STEP, this essay suggests an integrative approach for the study of science, technology and medicine popularization in the European periphery during the nineteenth and early-twentieth century. Such an approach can be a privileged tool not only for examining the complex processes of institutionalization and specialization of STM in peripheral countries, but also for exploring the interplay of STM in the making of modernity, since popularization seemed to have deep political implications in the implementation of modernization programs and the construction of national and professional identities in the European periphery.
Propaganda and Philanthropy: The Institute Bento da Rocha Cabral, the Lisbon Site of Biochemistry (1925–1953)
Ambix, 2015
This paper focuses on the internal organization and dynamics of the Institute Bento da Rocha Cabr... more This paper focuses on the internal organization and dynamics of the Institute Bento da Rocha Cabral (IRC) in Lisbon, a privately-funded institution devoted to biomedical research, from the particular vantage point of its laboratory of biochemistry; in particular, the process through which the institution turned from medically-related to chemically-related research in the period spanning from 1925 to 1953. The history of the IRC raises interesting questions regarding the social politics of science as it materialized the desire of leading physicians of the Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon to create proper physical facilities for medically-related scientific research. We argue that the process which led to the creation of the IRC coincided with the gradual professional and political ascendance of physicians in Portuguese society initiated in the late nineteenth century, and is closely associated with Portuguese republicanism and the process of Lisbon becoming the scientific capital.
Chapter 12. PORTUGAL: Tackling a Complex Chemical Equation: The Portuguese Society of Chemistry, 1911–1926
Creating Networks in Chemistry, 2008
Chimistes alsaciens à Paris au 19ème siècle: un réseau, une école?
Annals of Science, 1997
ABSTRACT Au 19ème siècle, on remarque la présence, dans la chimie française, d'un nombre ... more ABSTRACT Au 19ème siècle, on remarque la présence, dans la chimie française, d'un nombre considérable d'Alsaciens dont les contributions scientifiques ne peuvent être ignorées. Essentiellement à la suite de la guerre franco-prussienne, leur origine régionale est souvent mise en avant afin de leur attribuer une certaine singularité: mais peut-on distinguer les Alsaciens des autres chimistes français avant 1870? Forment-ils un groupe homogène de par la spécificité de leur lieu d'origine? Cet article a pour but de démontrer que, par leurs options théoriques, leurs relations personnelles et professionnelles et aussi par leur participation à bien d'initiatives communes, ils se sont organisés au sein de la communauté scientifique parisienne. Parmi ces formes d'organisation, on dégage le rôle fondamentale de l'école de recherche du chimiste Adolphe Wurtz (1817–84) qui apu fonctionner comme noyau de ce qu'on peut considérer comme un vrai réseau de chimistes alsaciens à Paris, pendant la seconde moitié du 19ème siècle.
Popularization of science, technology and medicine in the periphery: A step further?", Technology and Culture, 57/4 (2016): 966-977
Technology and Culture, Oct 1, 2016
Based on the research that has been carried out within STEP, this essay suggests an integrative a... more Based on the research that has been carried out within STEP, this essay suggests an integrative approach for the study of science, technology and medicine popularization in the European periphery during the nineteenth and early-twentieth century. Such an approach can be a privileged tool not only for examining the complex processes of institutionalization and specialization of STM in peripheral countries, but also for exploring the interplay of STM in the making of modernity, since popularization seemed to have deep political implications in the implementation of modernization programs and the construction of national and professional identities in the European periphery.
Citizen of the World. A Scientific Biography of the Abbé Correia da Serra
Sharing common ground: Nery Delgado (1835 1908) in Spain in 1878
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2007
... separating rivers Narcea and Navia. That had been Prado's conclusion in relation to the ... more ... separating rivers Narcea and Navia. That had been Prado's conclusion in relation to the mountain range of El Crono de Peñarubia, running northwards until reaching the sea (Nery Delgado 1879, p. 17). Paradoxides was observed in ...
The research school of chemistry of Adolphe Wurtz, Paris, 1853-1884
ABSTRACT Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kent at Cantebury, 1992. Includes bibliographical referen... more ABSTRACT Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kent at Cantebury, 1992. Includes bibliographical references (p. 319-354). Photocopy. s
Penélope: revista de história …, 2000
74 Ana Carneiro, Maria Paula Diogo e Ana Simões portuguesa dos séculos XVIII e XIX; a sua utiliza... more 74 Ana Carneiro, Maria Paula Diogo e Ana Simões portuguesa dos séculos XVIII e XIX; a sua utilização projectou-se sempre sobre uma grelha valorativa, em que o termo estrangeirado se assumia como uma adjecti-vação positiva ou negativa, mas nunca neutra, de um grupo ( ...
Notes and Records of the Royal Society, 2013
This paper addresses the relationship between geology and religion in Portugal by focusing on thr... more This paper addresses the relationship between geology and religion in Portugal by focusing on three case studies of naturalists who produced original research and lived in different historical periods, from the eighteenth to the twentieth century. Whereas in non-peripheral European countries religious themes and even controversies between science and religion were dealt with by scientists and discussed in scientific communities, in Portugal the absence of a debate between science and religion within scientific and intellectual circles is particularly striking. From the historiographic point of view, in a country such as Portugal, where Roman Catholicism is part of the religious and cultural tradition, the influence of religion in all aspects of life has been either taken for granted by those less familiar with the national context or dismissed by local intellectuals, who do not see it as relevant to science. The situation is more complex than these dichotomies, rendering the study of this question particularly appealing from the historiographic point of view, geology being by its very nature a well-suited point from which to approach the theme. We argue that there is a long tradition of independence between science and religion, agnosticism and even atheism among local elites. Especially from the eighteenth century onwards, they are usually portrayed as enlightened minds who struggled against religious and political obscurantism. Religion-or, to be more precise, the Roman Catholic Church and its institutions-was usually identified with backwardness, whereas science was seen as the path to progress; consequently men of science usually dissociated their scientific production from religious belief.
‘A Time for Engineers and a Time for Geologists’: Scientific Lives and Different Pathways in the History of Portuguese Geology
Earth Sciences History, 2013