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Papers by Ana Isabel Ortega

Quaternary Science Reviews

We present new datings and a new anthropological study of Early Neolithic human remains found in ... more We present new datings and a new anthropological study of Early Neolithic human remains found in Galería del Sílex in 1979. This gallery is part of the Cueva Mayor system in the Sierra de Atapuerca. The human fossils attributed to the Neolithic period correspond to a minimum number of three individuals that have been radiocarbon dated to the last third of the 6th millennium cal BCE. Thus, the fossils from Galería del Sílex are among the oldest Neolithic human remains in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula. The human remains from Galería del Sílex were not found within a domestic context of human occupation of the cave, but rather within two pits (simas) located more than three hundred meters from the ancient entrance. This suggests that Galería del Sílex could have been an area reserved for depositing deceased humans during the Early Neolithic. Given the scarcity of this kind of funerary cave in the Spanish northern plateau during the Early Neolithic, the data from the Galería del Sílex add to our knowledge of human mortuary behavior during this period. In addition to the Galería del Sílex, there are two other well-known Neolithic sites in Sierra de Atapuerca: El Portal´on in Cueva Mayor, which was a human occupation site, and Cueva del Mirador, which was used for livestock stabling and exploitation. Considered altogether, the emerging evidence provided by these three sites makes Sierra de Atapuerca increasingly relevant as a source of information about Early Neolithic people from the interior of the Iberian Peninsula.

Cuaternario y …, 2002

Late-Glacial - Holocene climate and vegetation in «Sierra de Neila» (Northwestern Iberian Range, ... more Late-Glacial - Holocene climate and vegetation in «Sierra de Neila» (Northwestern Iberian Range, Spain) ... MB Ruiz Zapata (1), MJ Gil García (1), M. Dorado Valiño (1); A. Valdeolmillos Rodríguez (1); J. Vegas (2) y A. Pérez-González (2) ... (1) Departamento de Geología. ...

Grupo Espeleológico Edelweiss | www.grupoedelweiss.com(es) | Boletín No 20 Mayo 2016 T ras el des... more Grupo Espeleológico Edelweiss | www.grupoedelweiss.com(es) | Boletín No 20 Mayo 2016 T ras el descubrimiento de los prime ros fósiles del Yacimiento Trinche ra en 1962 por el Grupo Espeleo lógico Edelweiss y su corroboración por Basilio Osaba, Director del Museo de Bur gos, se llevaron a cabo varias campañas de excavación dirigidas por Francisco Jordá entre 1964 y 1966. Mientras tanto, otros muestreos de fósiles, sin autoriza ción y menos ortodoxos, también se reali zaron por indicaciones de Miquel Crusa font. Algunos fueron decomisados por la Guardia Civil pero otros llegaron al Institu to de Paleontología de Sabadell. En 1972 los estudió Trino Torres, un ingeniero de minas que preparaba su tesis doctoral sobre osos fósiles.

Trabajo presentado en la Goldschmidt Conference, celebrada en Yokohama (Japon) del 26 de junio al... more Trabajo presentado en la Goldschmidt Conference, celebrada en Yokohama (Japon) del 26 de junio al 1 de julio de 2016.

Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 2021

In 1969, members of Grupo Espeleológico Edelweiss discovered the Sala and Galerías de las Huellas... more In 1969, members of Grupo Espeleológico Edelweiss discovered the Sala and Galerías de las Huellas in Ojo Guareña Cave system (Burgos, Spain). These contained hundreds of ancient human footprints, preserved in the soft sediment on the floor. These footprints represent the tracks of a small group of people who walked barefoot through these complex passages in the cave. Owing to the difficult compatibility of the documentation and preservation of these prints, it was not possible to study them before the development of new non-invasive remote sensing techniques. However, since 2012 optical laser scanning and digital photogrammetry have been used in Galerías de las Huellas, in combination with GIS techniques, to obtain a model of the cave floor, where the footprints and their internal morphology can be observed in detail. We have identified over 1000 prehistoric human footprints and at least 18 distinct trackways through the passages, which could have been left by around 8–10 individual...

Quaternary International, 2017

The Sierra de Atapuerca is an anticlinal ridge of Mesozoic carbonate rocks on the NW edge of the ... more The Sierra de Atapuerca is an anticlinal ridge of Mesozoic carbonate rocks on the NW edge of the Iberian Chain (Northern Spain, Burgos), surrounded by subhorizontal continental sediments of the NE Duero Cenozoic Basin under endorheic conditions. The shift to exorheic conditions in the Duero Basin lead to the onset of an episodic downcutting phase and the development of the Atapuerca multilevel cave system, containing several sites from the Early and Middle Pleistocene. In this work, we have reconstructed the Pleistocene palaeogeographical evolution of the SW flank of the Sierra de Atapuerca, where these archaeological sites are located. The study is based on a detailed geomorphological and geological analysis, combined with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and 3D LiDAR data, and GIS modeling. These techniques have been applied to analyse the small valleys and the interfluve on the SW flank of the SW Sierra de Atapuerca. The results were combined with the regional base levels recorded by fluvial terraces and the chronostratigraphic sequences of the Sierra de Atapuerca sites. These reconstructions have allowed us to model the palaeogeographical evolution in the nearby area of the cave sites during the EarlyeMiddle Pleistocene, coupling the main formation phases of the sites with the local physical landscape changes that occurred outside the caves. Surface processes are defined by incision phases entailing mitigate knickpoint recession and slope retreatment, and local aggradational phases associated with caves opened and captured by fluvial incision. This reconstruction provides the local physical palaeogeographical habitats developed during the Pleistocene hominid occupation of the Sierra de Atapuerca.

The internal microstratigraphy of speleothems from Cueva Mayor (Sierra de Atapuerca Karst) freque... more The internal microstratigraphy of speleothems from Cueva Mayor (Sierra de Atapuerca Karst) frequently shows distinctively dark, micro- to millimetre-scale layers. These dark layers have a notable geoarcheological interest as they could be related to human activities inside the caves during Prehistory. This work concentrates in a cluster of those layers, identified in several stalagmites and constrained to the 4600 to 2900 yr BP interval by means of Th-230 radiometric age-dating. These layers are mainly formed by dark-stained calcite but contain variable amounts of monetite, charcoal and bone. According to their composition, two main types of layers have been identified: those enriched in microcharcoal, and those containing monetite, a phosphatic mineral derived from bat guano. The former are interpreted to be realted with periods of human occupancy during the Bronze Age, previously reported by the archaeological remains.

In this work, we apply a method, which has been widely verified, of the study and use of the micr... more In this work, we apply a method, which has been widely verified, of the study and use of the microtectonic data gathered in the field (parameters used are strike, dip and sense of dip of tectoglyphs: stylolite plans, mineral veins and fault plans), for analysis and quantification of the directional anisotropy in the lime outcrop of Atapuerca. We obtain four main drainage directions: N 117º-120º, N 93º, N 156º and N 6º with 14,8%, 10,9% , 10,8% and 8,6% probabilitys respectively. Each with its own normal distributions overlaping to themselves. The contrast of the drainage prediction and conduit directions polimodals shows that the maximum error between prediction modes and the found in the direction of the caves is 3,9%.

Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie I, Prehistoria y Arqueología, 2001

dialnet.unirioja.es

... | Ayuda. Revisión de la industria lítica del yacimiento achelense de Torrealba del Moral (Sor... more ... | Ayuda. Revisión de la industria lítica del yacimiento achelense de Torrealba del Moral (Soria). Autores: Ana Isabel Ortega Martínez; Localización: II Symposium de Arqueología Soriana: homenaje a Teógenes Ortego y Frías, 19-21 de octubre de 1989, Vol. ...

Boletín de la Institución …, 1998