Anand Chand - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Anand Chand
Industrial Relations Journal, 2012
ABSTRACT Employers have a number of different ways in which they can pay their employees. Discuss... more ABSTRACT Employers have a number of different ways in which they can pay their employees. Discussions of the forms of wage payment were once very fashionable and they still remain important in terms of practice, but in theoretical terms, they have disappeared from the radar and been less central to recent analysis of work. On the surface, without any theoretical analysis and primarily empirical evidence, it appears that there is a major difference between ‘time wage’ rate and ‘piece wage’ rate. This article via Marxist theoretical analysis and primarily empirical evidence from Australian, New Zealand, Chinese and Fiji garment firms argued that there is a high level of similarity between time rate and piece rate. The empirical research findings of the Fiji garment industry shows that a time rate is not really much different from a piece rate, and in fact, a time rate is a disguised form of piece rate because workers are required to meet their targets per hour via very close monitoring of output and performance. The article further argued that there exist greater work intensification and exploitation via strict management control systems such as close supervision and punitive factory rules. The article also highlighted some of the limitations of existing social science theories because they can not account for what is going on garment firms in Fiji (especially Chinese firms). The article argues that we must either expand the earlier social science theories or move beyond and developed new theories to fully capture the new emerging trends of contemporary capitalist global production system.
The Journal of Pacific History, 1998
Sexuality & Culture
This study investigated how effectively the national governments of the thirteen Pacific Island C... more This study investigated how effectively the national governments of the thirteen Pacific Island Countries (PICs) are using the e-government website to create awareness on national-level policies on sexual harassment in the workplace. A total of 85 e-government websites from thirteen PICs were assessed by using the content analysis methodology. The findings from this study confirmed that large-small island countries, such as Fiji, Cook Islands, Samoa, and the Solomon Islands are effectively using the e-government website to provide information and create awareness on national policies against sexual harassment in the workplace as compared to the small PICs. Large PICs have the infrastructure and resources to effectively use information computer technology to provide awareness on national-level policies that protect workers against sexual harassment policies in the workplace. This study's findings will be important for the policymakers, human rights and gender activists, employees, and employers.
Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues
Personnel Review
Purpose There is extant literature on performance appraisal systems (PAS) in public sector global... more Purpose There is extant literature on performance appraisal systems (PAS) in public sector globally; however, most of the literature focuses on PAS in public sector in large developed and large developing countries. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is scant literature on PAS in the public sector of small developing countries. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to fill the research gap and analyse employee perceptions of the annual performance appraisal (APA) system and its implications in the Fiji’s public sector. It examines the APA more specifically in the case study of Ministry of Health and Medical Services in Fiji. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methods approach was undertaken and information collected from each research method was triangulated to ensure the reliability and validity of the findings. Findings This study found that the APA system shows promise of delivering on the expected outcomes for PAS. Similarly, staff morale was found to increase while emp...
Information Polity
Research demonstrates that social networks have an intrinsic relationship with culture. However, ... more Research demonstrates that social networks have an intrinsic relationship with culture. However, very limited research-theoretical or empirical-has examined how social networks, along with cultural orientations, influence e-government adoption. In this paper we seek to address the gap. Based on social network theory, as well as the culture models of Hofstede (2001) and House et al. (2004), we develop a research model to study the relationships between social networks, cultural orientations and e-government adoption behavior. We then test the model empirically by means of a survey in Fiji where community-based social networks are an integral part of people's lives. Our results demonstrate in detail how social networks and cultural orientations influence e-government adoption. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.
Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research
Tourism in Pacific Islands Current Issues and Future Challenges, 2015
International Journal of Educational Development, 2001
This article examines the role of four key education and training institutions—the University of ... more This article examines the role of four key education and training institutions—the University of the South Pacific (USP), the Fiji Institute of Technology (FIT), the Fiji National Training Council (FNTC), and the Fiji Garment Training Centre (FGTC)—in enhancing human resource development for the garment industry in Fiji. The central argument of this paper is that these four key institutions will
Typescript (photocopy). "September, 1988." Thesis (M.A.)--University of the South Pacif... more Typescript (photocopy). "September, 1988." Thesis (M.A.)--University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji, 1988. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 234-248).
Practice and Applications, 2011
Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 2014
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of innovation in handicraft in... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga. Design/methodology/approach – Data for this study was collected via face-to-face interviews with handicraft sellers in Fiji and Tonga. In total, 368 interviews were conducted in Fiji and Tonga out of which, 48 was from Tonga and 320 was from Fiji. Findings – The results of this study show that eight factors; namely, value adding, design uniqueness, new product development, cultural uniqueness, advanced technology, experience of owner, ability of owner to adapt to trends in market and quality of raw materials have significant impact on level of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga. Originality/value – To date, none of the existing studies have examined determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of the Pacific Island countries. This is a pioneering study that examines determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga.
World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 2015
International Journal of Management and Network Economics, 2014
ABSTRACT Managing human resources in the international context is a challenging task for human re... more ABSTRACT Managing human resources in the international context is a challenging task for human resource managers. Majority of the five-star hotels in Fiji are internationally owned by multinational corporations from France, USA, Hawaii, Hong Kong and Singapore. Multinational companies from different countries behave differently in the way they manage their employees and handle employment relations issues. The tourism sector of Fiji is the largest employer in the service sector. Employees from the tourism sector are from skill level and experience. It is mostly seen and noted in the extant literature that human resource management practices adopted by multinational corporations are better than local companies because local companies do not have financial resources to invest in human resource management. The main aim of this paper is to examine international human resource management practices used by multinational corporations in the hotel sector of Fiji.
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2012
ABSTRACT Over the last 30 years, there has been extensive debate on whether Transnational Corpora... more ABSTRACT Over the last 30 years, there has been extensive debate on whether Transnational Corporation (TNC) can bring about economic development in third world countries and in particular in small island states. There are two schools of thought: first, on one hand, there is a pessimistic position that argues that TNCs do not contribute to economic development of small island countries. Second, on one hand, there is the optimistic position that argues that TNCs do contribute to economic development of small island countries. Within this context, this paper examines the economic contribution made by a Japanese TNC Yazaki (Samoa) Ltd. in Samoan economy. This paper highlights that Yazaki (Samoa) Ltd. has made a number of economic contributions to Samoa such as boosting the GDP, in-directly assisting other industries, easing unemployment and providing income to poor families.
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2012
ABSTRACT This paper addresses a crucial question as to whether there is any difference between &a... more ABSTRACT This paper addresses a crucial question as to whether there is any difference between 'hourly-wage' rate and 'piece-wage' rate. In this paper, this issue is subjected to empirical test by looking at evidence from the Fiji garment industry. The data and analysis shows that there is no difference and in fact, 'hourly-wage' rate is a disguised form of 'piece-wage' rate. The empirical evidence from the Fiji garment industry debunks the myth that there is a major difference between 'hourly wage' rate and 'piece-wage' rate. A 'bloody Taylorist' punitive labour regime exists in all the three garment supply chains in Fiji. A domestic punitive labour regime existed in the Fiji garment industry before the arrival of foreign Australian, New Zealand, and Chinese garment firms. When the Australian and New Zealand garment firms relocated to Fiji they adopted and continued the 'going' local punitive labour regime in their firms. They had no choice but were forced by competition to go along with this punitive labour regime. The foreign Chinese garment firms made the labour regime even worse as they brought with them the punitive Chinese labour regime from mainland Chinese and implemented the punitive Chinese labour regime in Fiji.
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2012
ABSTRACT The primary aim of this research is to compare the problems faced by the MSMEs in the Fi... more ABSTRACT The primary aim of this research is to compare the problems faced by the MSMEs in the Fiji Islands with the MSMEs in the UK. In order to achieve this aim, Cromie (1991) research framework was used to collect data from the Fiji Islands and later the research findings were compared to Cromie's (1991) study titled 'The problems experienced by young firms'. Using cross sectional data of 247 MSMEs from the Fiji Islands, this study outlines the severity of the problems faced by the MSMEs and the impact of these problems on the profitability of the MSMEs. Similar to the Cromie's (1991) study, this study configured that financial problems are the most severe problem faced by the MSMEs in both the retailing and the manufacturing sector.
International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2012
ABSTRACT Purpose – Globally, there is an increased recognition of the important role played by mi... more ABSTRACT Purpose – Globally, there is an increased recognition of the important role played by micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the economic development of a country. Similarly, in the South Pacific region, MSMEs is the main engine behind the economic growth. In particular, MSMEs is one of the biggest contributors to GDP, employment and plays a core role in the supply chain of large businesses. One of the major problems faced by MSMEs in South Pacific Island countries is a lack of finance to advance business growth. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this paper will be to examine the financial obstacles faced by MSMEs. Design/methodology/approach – The main objective of this study is to explore the financial obstacles faced by MSMEs in the manufacturing sector of Fiji and Tonga. In particular, this research tries to evaluate the severity of the impact of each of the financial obstacles on the growth and survival of MSMEs in Fiji and Tonga. Findings – The research involved conducting a survey of 200 MSMEs in Fiji and Tonga. The study concluded that financial problems faced by the MSMEs could be divided into three broad categories: financing problems; operational and administrative problems; and sales and debtors problems. The 19 financial obstacles tested in this research falls under these broad categories. Originality/value – This research is original and highly value to a wide range of readers. Scholars, practitioners, aid donors are widely interested to understand the status of MSMEs in Fiji and Tonga. Research of this nature has never been conducted in Fiji.
Industrial Relations Journal, 2012
ABSTRACT Employers have a number of different ways in which they can pay their employees. Discuss... more ABSTRACT Employers have a number of different ways in which they can pay their employees. Discussions of the forms of wage payment were once very fashionable and they still remain important in terms of practice, but in theoretical terms, they have disappeared from the radar and been less central to recent analysis of work. On the surface, without any theoretical analysis and primarily empirical evidence, it appears that there is a major difference between ‘time wage’ rate and ‘piece wage’ rate. This article via Marxist theoretical analysis and primarily empirical evidence from Australian, New Zealand, Chinese and Fiji garment firms argued that there is a high level of similarity between time rate and piece rate. The empirical research findings of the Fiji garment industry shows that a time rate is not really much different from a piece rate, and in fact, a time rate is a disguised form of piece rate because workers are required to meet their targets per hour via very close monitoring of output and performance. The article further argued that there exist greater work intensification and exploitation via strict management control systems such as close supervision and punitive factory rules. The article also highlighted some of the limitations of existing social science theories because they can not account for what is going on garment firms in Fiji (especially Chinese firms). The article argues that we must either expand the earlier social science theories or move beyond and developed new theories to fully capture the new emerging trends of contemporary capitalist global production system.
The Journal of Pacific History, 1998
Sexuality & Culture
This study investigated how effectively the national governments of the thirteen Pacific Island C... more This study investigated how effectively the national governments of the thirteen Pacific Island Countries (PICs) are using the e-government website to create awareness on national-level policies on sexual harassment in the workplace. A total of 85 e-government websites from thirteen PICs were assessed by using the content analysis methodology. The findings from this study confirmed that large-small island countries, such as Fiji, Cook Islands, Samoa, and the Solomon Islands are effectively using the e-government website to provide information and create awareness on national policies against sexual harassment in the workplace as compared to the small PICs. Large PICs have the infrastructure and resources to effectively use information computer technology to provide awareness on national-level policies that protect workers against sexual harassment policies in the workplace. This study's findings will be important for the policymakers, human rights and gender activists, employees, and employers.
Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues
Personnel Review
Purpose There is extant literature on performance appraisal systems (PAS) in public sector global... more Purpose There is extant literature on performance appraisal systems (PAS) in public sector globally; however, most of the literature focuses on PAS in public sector in large developed and large developing countries. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is scant literature on PAS in the public sector of small developing countries. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to fill the research gap and analyse employee perceptions of the annual performance appraisal (APA) system and its implications in the Fiji’s public sector. It examines the APA more specifically in the case study of Ministry of Health and Medical Services in Fiji. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methods approach was undertaken and information collected from each research method was triangulated to ensure the reliability and validity of the findings. Findings This study found that the APA system shows promise of delivering on the expected outcomes for PAS. Similarly, staff morale was found to increase while emp...
Information Polity
Research demonstrates that social networks have an intrinsic relationship with culture. However, ... more Research demonstrates that social networks have an intrinsic relationship with culture. However, very limited research-theoretical or empirical-has examined how social networks, along with cultural orientations, influence e-government adoption. In this paper we seek to address the gap. Based on social network theory, as well as the culture models of Hofstede (2001) and House et al. (2004), we develop a research model to study the relationships between social networks, cultural orientations and e-government adoption behavior. We then test the model empirically by means of a survey in Fiji where community-based social networks are an integral part of people's lives. Our results demonstrate in detail how social networks and cultural orientations influence e-government adoption. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.
Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research
Tourism in Pacific Islands Current Issues and Future Challenges, 2015
International Journal of Educational Development, 2001
This article examines the role of four key education and training institutions—the University of ... more This article examines the role of four key education and training institutions—the University of the South Pacific (USP), the Fiji Institute of Technology (FIT), the Fiji National Training Council (FNTC), and the Fiji Garment Training Centre (FGTC)—in enhancing human resource development for the garment industry in Fiji. The central argument of this paper is that these four key institutions will
Typescript (photocopy). "September, 1988." Thesis (M.A.)--University of the South Pacif... more Typescript (photocopy). "September, 1988." Thesis (M.A.)--University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji, 1988. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 234-248).
Practice and Applications, 2011
Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 2014
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of innovation in handicraft in... more Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga. Design/methodology/approach – Data for this study was collected via face-to-face interviews with handicraft sellers in Fiji and Tonga. In total, 368 interviews were conducted in Fiji and Tonga out of which, 48 was from Tonga and 320 was from Fiji. Findings – The results of this study show that eight factors; namely, value adding, design uniqueness, new product development, cultural uniqueness, advanced technology, experience of owner, ability of owner to adapt to trends in market and quality of raw materials have significant impact on level of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga. Originality/value – To date, none of the existing studies have examined determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of the Pacific Island countries. This is a pioneering study that examines determinants of innovation in handicraft industry of Fiji and Tonga.
World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 2015
International Journal of Management and Network Economics, 2014
ABSTRACT Managing human resources in the international context is a challenging task for human re... more ABSTRACT Managing human resources in the international context is a challenging task for human resource managers. Majority of the five-star hotels in Fiji are internationally owned by multinational corporations from France, USA, Hawaii, Hong Kong and Singapore. Multinational companies from different countries behave differently in the way they manage their employees and handle employment relations issues. The tourism sector of Fiji is the largest employer in the service sector. Employees from the tourism sector are from skill level and experience. It is mostly seen and noted in the extant literature that human resource management practices adopted by multinational corporations are better than local companies because local companies do not have financial resources to invest in human resource management. The main aim of this paper is to examine international human resource management practices used by multinational corporations in the hotel sector of Fiji.
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2012
ABSTRACT Over the last 30 years, there has been extensive debate on whether Transnational Corpora... more ABSTRACT Over the last 30 years, there has been extensive debate on whether Transnational Corporation (TNC) can bring about economic development in third world countries and in particular in small island states. There are two schools of thought: first, on one hand, there is a pessimistic position that argues that TNCs do not contribute to economic development of small island countries. Second, on one hand, there is the optimistic position that argues that TNCs do contribute to economic development of small island countries. Within this context, this paper examines the economic contribution made by a Japanese TNC Yazaki (Samoa) Ltd. in Samoan economy. This paper highlights that Yazaki (Samoa) Ltd. has made a number of economic contributions to Samoa such as boosting the GDP, in-directly assisting other industries, easing unemployment and providing income to poor families.
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2012
ABSTRACT This paper addresses a crucial question as to whether there is any difference between &a... more ABSTRACT This paper addresses a crucial question as to whether there is any difference between 'hourly-wage' rate and 'piece-wage' rate. In this paper, this issue is subjected to empirical test by looking at evidence from the Fiji garment industry. The data and analysis shows that there is no difference and in fact, 'hourly-wage' rate is a disguised form of 'piece-wage' rate. The empirical evidence from the Fiji garment industry debunks the myth that there is a major difference between 'hourly wage' rate and 'piece-wage' rate. A 'bloody Taylorist' punitive labour regime exists in all the three garment supply chains in Fiji. A domestic punitive labour regime existed in the Fiji garment industry before the arrival of foreign Australian, New Zealand, and Chinese garment firms. When the Australian and New Zealand garment firms relocated to Fiji they adopted and continued the 'going' local punitive labour regime in their firms. They had no choice but were forced by competition to go along with this punitive labour regime. The foreign Chinese garment firms made the labour regime even worse as they brought with them the punitive Chinese labour regime from mainland Chinese and implemented the punitive Chinese labour regime in Fiji.
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2012
ABSTRACT The primary aim of this research is to compare the problems faced by the MSMEs in the Fi... more ABSTRACT The primary aim of this research is to compare the problems faced by the MSMEs in the Fiji Islands with the MSMEs in the UK. In order to achieve this aim, Cromie (1991) research framework was used to collect data from the Fiji Islands and later the research findings were compared to Cromie's (1991) study titled 'The problems experienced by young firms'. Using cross sectional data of 247 MSMEs from the Fiji Islands, this study outlines the severity of the problems faced by the MSMEs and the impact of these problems on the profitability of the MSMEs. Similar to the Cromie's (1991) study, this study configured that financial problems are the most severe problem faced by the MSMEs in both the retailing and the manufacturing sector.
International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2012
ABSTRACT Purpose – Globally, there is an increased recognition of the important role played by mi... more ABSTRACT Purpose – Globally, there is an increased recognition of the important role played by micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the economic development of a country. Similarly, in the South Pacific region, MSMEs is the main engine behind the economic growth. In particular, MSMEs is one of the biggest contributors to GDP, employment and plays a core role in the supply chain of large businesses. One of the major problems faced by MSMEs in South Pacific Island countries is a lack of finance to advance business growth. Against this backdrop, the purpose of this paper will be to examine the financial obstacles faced by MSMEs. Design/methodology/approach – The main objective of this study is to explore the financial obstacles faced by MSMEs in the manufacturing sector of Fiji and Tonga. In particular, this research tries to evaluate the severity of the impact of each of the financial obstacles on the growth and survival of MSMEs in Fiji and Tonga. Findings – The research involved conducting a survey of 200 MSMEs in Fiji and Tonga. The study concluded that financial problems faced by the MSMEs could be divided into three broad categories: financing problems; operational and administrative problems; and sales and debtors problems. The 19 financial obstacles tested in this research falls under these broad categories. Originality/value – This research is original and highly value to a wide range of readers. Scholars, practitioners, aid donors are widely interested to understand the status of MSMEs in Fiji and Tonga. Research of this nature has never been conducted in Fiji.