Anders Heijl - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Anders Heijl
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1995
British Journal of Ophthalmology, Aug 1, 1983
Acta Ophthalmologica, May 27, 2009
Documenta ophthalmologica. Proceedings series, 1985
The new Humphrey Field Analyzer computerized perimeter is briefly described. The advantages and d... more The new Humphrey Field Analyzer computerized perimeter is briefly described. The advantages and disadvantages of some of its concepts are discussed.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, May 1, 2004
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, Jun 1, 2003
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, Jun 1, 2003
Acta Ophthalmologica, May 27, 2009
The normal visual field changes both shape and height with age. Inter-individual, intratest and i... more The normal visual field changes both shape and height with age. Inter-individual, intratest and inter-test variation are not constant across the visual field but depend on eccentricity. Deviations of measured thresholds from the age-corrected normal threshold are non-Gaussian showing significant eccentricity-dependent negative skewness and positive kurtosis. These observations must be taken into account when results of visual field testing are subjected to statistical analysis, or misleading results may be obtained. The degree of perimetric experience of the tested patient as well as the results of reliability tests are other important factors worth considering in the (statistical) evaluation of visual fields. The prevalence of field defects in the normal population might be considerably higher than previously recognized. All field loss in glaucoma suspects should not automatically be attributed to glaucoma.
Diabetic Medicine, Jul 1, 1997
The aim of this follow-up study has been to assess retinopathy and change of treatment to insulin... more The aim of this follow-up study has been to assess retinopathy and change of treatment to insulin therapy as risk factors for mortality in diabetic patients participating in a control and screening programme for retinopathy. A total of 3220 diabetic patients, 483 with an age at diagnosis <30 years, and 2737 with an age at diagnosis > or = 30 years, were included. Retinopathy was graded on fundus photographs using the Wisconsin Scale, and the visual acuity was assessed. The average HbA1c value was calculated for each patient for the previous 8 years to estimate long-term glycaemic control. Mortality data were obtained from death certificates. Two hundred and sixty-three diabetic patients (8.2%) died during the mean follow-up time of 3.4 years, 13 (2.7%) of those with younger-onset (<30 years) and 250 (9.1%) of those with older-onset (> or = 30 years) diabetes. Of them, 148 (56.3%) died from cardiovascular and 23 (8.7%) from cerebrovascular disorders. After adjusting for differences in age and sex, more severe retinopathy and the use of antihypertensive drugs were associated with a decreased overall survival rate as well as an increased mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. A statistically significant association between HbA1c values in the highest quartile, i.e. > or =8.4%, and cardiovascular and all cause mortality did not remain when retinopathy was entered into the multivariate analyses. Duration of diabetes, but not change of treatment to insulin therapy, was associated with higher cardiovascular mortality in patients whose diabetes was diagnosed after the age of 30 years. We conclude that severe retinopathy, use of antihypertensive drugs, and poor glycaemic control predicted death from cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients participating in an ophthalmological screening programme.
Acta Ophthalmologica, May 27, 2009
Ophthalmology, 1997
PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to compare the efficacy and safety profile of 2.0% dorzolamid... more PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to compare the efficacy and safety profile of 2.0% dorzolamide (three times daily) and 0.5% timolol (twice daily) for up to 6 months in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension associated with pseudoexfoliation. The additive effects of dorzolamide and timolol in patients requiring add-on therapy also was evaluated. METHODS This was a double-masked, randomized, parallel comparison study at 15 Scandinavian sites. One hundred eighty-four patients with pseudoexfoliation and either glaucoma or ocular hypertension who were 21 to 85 years of age were studied. The treatment groups were 2.0% dorzolamide three times daily and 0.5% timolol maleate twice daily. RESULTS At 6 months, the mean percent reduction in intraocular pressure of 2% dorzolamide and 0.5% timolol was 24% and 29%, respectively, at morning peak and 21% and 23%, respectively, at afternoon trough. The additional intraocular pressure-lowering effect of adding 2.0% dorzolamide twice daily to patients receiving timolol was 14% and 15%, at peak and trough, respectively. There were no differences between treatment groups in the incidence of clinical adverse experiences, and dorzolamide was not associated with the systemic adverse effects typically ascribed to the use of oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. CONCLUSION Two percent dorzolamide (three times daily) was effective and well tolerated in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension associated with pseudoexfoliation over the course of 6 months; 0.5% timolol (twice daily) had a greater level of intraocular pressure-lowering activity than did dorzolamide, although the difference between the two treatments became less pronounced during the study period. Finally, 2.0% dorzolamide (twice daily) produced additional lowering of intraocular pressure when given with 0.5% timolol (twice daily).
Acta Ophthalmologica, May 27, 2009
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, Feb 1, 2001
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, Jun 1, 2004
Bei der Behandlung des Glaukoms ist die Perimetrie ein ubliches und nutzliches Werkzeug, sowohl b... more Bei der Behandlung des Glaukoms ist die Perimetrie ein ubliches und nutzliches Werkzeug, sowohl bei der Diagnose als auch der Verlaufsuntersuchung, und es besteht kein Zweifel daran, das die computergesteuerte Perimetrie der manuellen Gesichtsfelduntersuchung vorgezogen werden sollte. Die Testalgorithmen der computergestutzten Perimeter sind vollstandig reproduzierbar und gewohnlich gut aufgebaut. Die automatische Perimetrie beseitigt den unvermeidbaren Einflus eines menschlichen Untersuchers und entdeckt Gesichtfeldverluste in der Regel in einem fruheren Stadium als manuelle Verfahren. Die automatische, standardisierte Schwellenwertperimetrie ermoglicht eine Untersuchungsqualitat, die mit der manuellen Perimetrie in einer klinischen Sitzung fast unerreichbar ist.
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, Apr 1, 2001
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 1995
British Journal of Ophthalmology, Aug 1, 1983
Acta Ophthalmologica, May 27, 2009
Documenta ophthalmologica. Proceedings series, 1985
The new Humphrey Field Analyzer computerized perimeter is briefly described. The advantages and d... more The new Humphrey Field Analyzer computerized perimeter is briefly described. The advantages and disadvantages of some of its concepts are discussed.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, May 1, 2004
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, Jun 1, 2003
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, Jun 1, 2003
Acta Ophthalmologica, May 27, 2009
The normal visual field changes both shape and height with age. Inter-individual, intratest and i... more The normal visual field changes both shape and height with age. Inter-individual, intratest and inter-test variation are not constant across the visual field but depend on eccentricity. Deviations of measured thresholds from the age-corrected normal threshold are non-Gaussian showing significant eccentricity-dependent negative skewness and positive kurtosis. These observations must be taken into account when results of visual field testing are subjected to statistical analysis, or misleading results may be obtained. The degree of perimetric experience of the tested patient as well as the results of reliability tests are other important factors worth considering in the (statistical) evaluation of visual fields. The prevalence of field defects in the normal population might be considerably higher than previously recognized. All field loss in glaucoma suspects should not automatically be attributed to glaucoma.
Diabetic Medicine, Jul 1, 1997
The aim of this follow-up study has been to assess retinopathy and change of treatment to insulin... more The aim of this follow-up study has been to assess retinopathy and change of treatment to insulin therapy as risk factors for mortality in diabetic patients participating in a control and screening programme for retinopathy. A total of 3220 diabetic patients, 483 with an age at diagnosis <30 years, and 2737 with an age at diagnosis > or = 30 years, were included. Retinopathy was graded on fundus photographs using the Wisconsin Scale, and the visual acuity was assessed. The average HbA1c value was calculated for each patient for the previous 8 years to estimate long-term glycaemic control. Mortality data were obtained from death certificates. Two hundred and sixty-three diabetic patients (8.2%) died during the mean follow-up time of 3.4 years, 13 (2.7%) of those with younger-onset (<30 years) and 250 (9.1%) of those with older-onset (> or = 30 years) diabetes. Of them, 148 (56.3%) died from cardiovascular and 23 (8.7%) from cerebrovascular disorders. After adjusting for differences in age and sex, more severe retinopathy and the use of antihypertensive drugs were associated with a decreased overall survival rate as well as an increased mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. A statistically significant association between HbA1c values in the highest quartile, i.e. > or =8.4%, and cardiovascular and all cause mortality did not remain when retinopathy was entered into the multivariate analyses. Duration of diabetes, but not change of treatment to insulin therapy, was associated with higher cardiovascular mortality in patients whose diabetes was diagnosed after the age of 30 years. We conclude that severe retinopathy, use of antihypertensive drugs, and poor glycaemic control predicted death from cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients participating in an ophthalmological screening programme.
Acta Ophthalmologica, May 27, 2009
Ophthalmology, 1997
PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to compare the efficacy and safety profile of 2.0% dorzolamid... more PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to compare the efficacy and safety profile of 2.0% dorzolamide (three times daily) and 0.5% timolol (twice daily) for up to 6 months in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension associated with pseudoexfoliation. The additive effects of dorzolamide and timolol in patients requiring add-on therapy also was evaluated. METHODS This was a double-masked, randomized, parallel comparison study at 15 Scandinavian sites. One hundred eighty-four patients with pseudoexfoliation and either glaucoma or ocular hypertension who were 21 to 85 years of age were studied. The treatment groups were 2.0% dorzolamide three times daily and 0.5% timolol maleate twice daily. RESULTS At 6 months, the mean percent reduction in intraocular pressure of 2% dorzolamide and 0.5% timolol was 24% and 29%, respectively, at morning peak and 21% and 23%, respectively, at afternoon trough. The additional intraocular pressure-lowering effect of adding 2.0% dorzolamide twice daily to patients receiving timolol was 14% and 15%, at peak and trough, respectively. There were no differences between treatment groups in the incidence of clinical adverse experiences, and dorzolamide was not associated with the systemic adverse effects typically ascribed to the use of oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. CONCLUSION Two percent dorzolamide (three times daily) was effective and well tolerated in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension associated with pseudoexfoliation over the course of 6 months; 0.5% timolol (twice daily) had a greater level of intraocular pressure-lowering activity than did dorzolamide, although the difference between the two treatments became less pronounced during the study period. Finally, 2.0% dorzolamide (twice daily) produced additional lowering of intraocular pressure when given with 0.5% timolol (twice daily).
Acta Ophthalmologica, May 27, 2009
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, Feb 1, 2001
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, Jun 1, 2004
Bei der Behandlung des Glaukoms ist die Perimetrie ein ubliches und nutzliches Werkzeug, sowohl b... more Bei der Behandlung des Glaukoms ist die Perimetrie ein ubliches und nutzliches Werkzeug, sowohl bei der Diagnose als auch der Verlaufsuntersuchung, und es besteht kein Zweifel daran, das die computergesteuerte Perimetrie der manuellen Gesichtsfelduntersuchung vorgezogen werden sollte. Die Testalgorithmen der computergestutzten Perimeter sind vollstandig reproduzierbar und gewohnlich gut aufgebaut. Die automatische Perimetrie beseitigt den unvermeidbaren Einflus eines menschlichen Untersuchers und entdeckt Gesichtfeldverluste in der Regel in einem fruheren Stadium als manuelle Verfahren. Die automatische, standardisierte Schwellenwertperimetrie ermoglicht eine Untersuchungsqualitat, die mit der manuellen Perimetrie in einer klinischen Sitzung fast unerreichbar ist.
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica, Apr 1, 2001