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![Research paper thumbnail of [A descriptive profile of the canine population in Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, from 1994 to 2004]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83864988/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Cadernos de saude publica, 2008
From 1994 to 2004, the canine population in Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, suffered two majo... more From 1994 to 2004, the canine population in Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, suffered two major canine zoonoses: rabies and visceral leishmaniasis. Changes in the dog population during this period were evaluated using canine census data from 1994 and 2004 and the results of blood samples for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in 1999. The ratio of dogs per 10 inhabitants varied from 1.7 in 1994 to 2.0 in 1999 and 1.8 in 2004. The percentage of puppies less than 1 year of age increased from 20% to 32.5%, and the number of euthanized dogs also increased after 1999, when visceral leishmaniasis began to appear. The number of dogs and percentage of puppies varied between different areas of the city, and neighborhoods with a higher percentage of young animals showed more cases of both human and canine leishmaniasis. This result may be due to control measures applied in these areas in response to cases of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis, but the increase in the younger c...
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) coexists with human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) in Brazil. D... more Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) coexists with human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) in Brazil. Dogs play an important role as reservoir of etiological agent, and for CVL dissemination. For diagnosing CVL, IFA and ELISA have been routinely employed. These assays have not been suitable for diagnosis studies owing to low sensitivity and/or specificity. The CVL diagnosis in different regions of Sao Paulo was assessed, comparing the performance of a immunochromatographic dipstick – based rapid test using K39 recombinant antigen (rK39RT) on whole blood and serum samples, and with IFI and ELISA on serum samples. The 1,333 samples dogs were tested including 1,199 samples from randomly selected dogs from eight municipalities with CVL transmission. The control group was comprised by samples from 134 animals living VL-free area or from dogs with other diseases. Of 1,199 samples, 31.3% were positive by rK39RT on sera, and 17.4% on whole blood. Anti-Leishmania antibodies were detected in 25.1% ...
![Research paper thumbnail of [Dog replacement in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis]](https://attachments.academia-assets.com/75745354/thumbnails/1.jpg)
](Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 2007
This study aimed to estimate the dog replacement rate in an area endemic for visceral leishmanias... more This study aimed to estimate the dog replacement rate in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, in which slaughter of seropositive animals was indicated as a control measure, and to evaluate the reasons why new animals were or were not acquired. The animals were replaced in 44.5% of the cases, and this was done mainly because of the need for a companion or guard dog. The main reason for not replacing the dog was fear of visceral leishmaniasis.
Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2008
No período de 1994 a 2004, a população canina de Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil, registrou duas imp... more No período de 1994 a 2004, a população canina de Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil, registrou duas importantes zoonoses: a raiva e a leishmaniose visceral. Analisaram-se as mudanças ocorridas nessa população durante esse período, utilizando resultados de censos caninos e de coletas censitárias de sangue realizados em 1994, 1999 e 2004. A relação cão/10 habitantes variou significativamente, passando de 1,7 em 1994 para 2,0 em 1999 e para 1,8 em 2004. A porcentagem de cães com até um ano de idade passou de 20% para 32,5% e o número de eutanásias realizadas também aumentou após 1999, com a introdução da leishmaniose visceral. O número de cães e a estrutura etária variaram nos diversos setores do município e aqueles com maior porcentagem de animais com até dois anos de idade apresentaram maior ocorrência de casos de leishmaniose visceral humana e canina. Tais resultados decorrem de ações de controle adotadas nos setores com casos humanos de leishmaniose visceral, porém, o aumento da populaçã...
Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2008
From 1994 to 2004, the canine population in Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, suffered two majo... more From 1994 to 2004, the canine population in Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, suffered two major canine zoonoses: rabies and visceral leishmaniasis. Changes in the dog population during this period were evaluated using canine census data from 1994 and 2004 and the results of blood samples for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in 1999. The ratio of dogs per 10 inhabitants varied from 1.7 in 1994 to 2.0 in 1999 and 1.8 in 2004. The percentage of puppies less than 1 year of age increased from 20% to 32.5%, and the number of euthanized dogs also increased after 1999, when visceral leishmaniasis began to appear. The number of dogs and percentage of puppies varied between different areas of the city, and neighborhoods with a higher percentage of young animals showed more cases of both human and canine leishmaniasis. This result may be due to control measures applied in these areas in response to cases of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis, but the increase in the younger canine population can be accompanied by increased susceptibility in these animals, thus favoring maintenance of the disease in the area.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2008
Measures employed to control visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil have focused on vector control by r... more Measures employed to control visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil have focused on vector control by residual insecticide spraying and diagnosis of infection with elimination of positive dogs. We describe dog culling and replacement in a Brazilian endemic area (the Alvorada District, Araçatuba, SP) in order to better understand dog population dynamics when elimination of the dog reservoir is adopted as the main control measure. From August 2002 to July 2004, 60.9% of the estimated dog population for the area was culled with a mean age of 34 months old. The presence of anti-Leishmania sp. antibodies was recorded for only 26.7% of the euthanized canines. Replacement was observed in 38.8% of the cases, some of them by 2 or more dogs and in a mean time of 4 months. Dogs were replaced mostly by puppies of both sexes with a mean age of 6.8 months. From August 2002 to April 2005 we were able to follow-up 116 of these dogs, during a mean time of 8.7 months. Canine visceral leishmaniasis seropositivity by ELISA was observed in 42.2% of the followed dogs, 30.6% of which were already positive at the first evaluation. By the end of the followup period 37% of the dogs were submitted to euthanasia, with a mean age of 18.3 months. In the studied CVL endemic area of Brazil, euthanasia and the subsequent replacement ratio were high, increasing the dog population turnover and leading to a younger population that might be more susceptible to a variety of other infectious diseases in addition to CVL. Dog culling as a control strategy for VL should be reassessed.
Esse trabalho objetivou estimar a reposição de cães em área endêmica para leishmaniose visceral, ... more Esse trabalho objetivou estimar a reposição de cães em área endêmica para leishmaniose visceral, onde a eutanásia de animais soropositivos é indicada como medida de controle, e avaliar os motivos que levaram a aquisição ou não de novos animais. Houve a reposição em 44,5% dos casos, principalmente devido à necessidade de companhia ou guarda. O principal motivo para a não-reposição foi o temor da leishmaniose visceral.
Cadernos de saude publica, 2008
From 1994 to 2004, the canine population in Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, suffered two majo... more From 1994 to 2004, the canine population in Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, suffered two major canine zoonoses: rabies and visceral leishmaniasis. Changes in the dog population during this period were evaluated using canine census data from 1994 and 2004 and the results of blood samples for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in 1999. The ratio of dogs per 10 inhabitants varied from 1.7 in 1994 to 2.0 in 1999 and 1.8 in 2004. The percentage of puppies less than 1 year of age increased from 20% to 32.5%, and the number of euthanized dogs also increased after 1999, when visceral leishmaniasis began to appear. The number of dogs and percentage of puppies varied between different areas of the city, and neighborhoods with a higher percentage of young animals showed more cases of both human and canine leishmaniasis. This result may be due to control measures applied in these areas in response to cases of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis, but the increase in the younger c...
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) coexists with human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) in Brazil. D... more Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) coexists with human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) in Brazil. Dogs play an important role as reservoir of etiological agent, and for CVL dissemination. For diagnosing CVL, IFA and ELISA have been routinely employed. These assays have not been suitable for diagnosis studies owing to low sensitivity and/or specificity. The CVL diagnosis in different regions of Sao Paulo was assessed, comparing the performance of a immunochromatographic dipstick – based rapid test using K39 recombinant antigen (rK39RT) on whole blood and serum samples, and with IFI and ELISA on serum samples. The 1,333 samples dogs were tested including 1,199 samples from randomly selected dogs from eight municipalities with CVL transmission. The control group was comprised by samples from 134 animals living VL-free area or from dogs with other diseases. Of 1,199 samples, 31.3% were positive by rK39RT on sera, and 17.4% on whole blood. Anti-Leishmania antibodies were detected in 25.1% ...
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 2007
This study aimed to estimate the dog replacement rate in an area endemic for visceral leishmanias... more This study aimed to estimate the dog replacement rate in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, in which slaughter of seropositive animals was indicated as a control measure, and to evaluate the reasons why new animals were or were not acquired. The animals were replaced in 44.5% of the cases, and this was done mainly because of the need for a companion or guard dog. The main reason for not replacing the dog was fear of visceral leishmaniasis.
Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2008
No período de 1994 a 2004, a população canina de Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil, registrou duas imp... more No período de 1994 a 2004, a população canina de Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil, registrou duas importantes zoonoses: a raiva e a leishmaniose visceral. Analisaram-se as mudanças ocorridas nessa população durante esse período, utilizando resultados de censos caninos e de coletas censitárias de sangue realizados em 1994, 1999 e 2004. A relação cão/10 habitantes variou significativamente, passando de 1,7 em 1994 para 2,0 em 1999 e para 1,8 em 2004. A porcentagem de cães com até um ano de idade passou de 20% para 32,5% e o número de eutanásias realizadas também aumentou após 1999, com a introdução da leishmaniose visceral. O número de cães e a estrutura etária variaram nos diversos setores do município e aqueles com maior porcentagem de animais com até dois anos de idade apresentaram maior ocorrência de casos de leishmaniose visceral humana e canina. Tais resultados decorrem de ações de controle adotadas nos setores com casos humanos de leishmaniose visceral, porém, o aumento da populaçã...
Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 2008
From 1994 to 2004, the canine population in Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, suffered two majo... more From 1994 to 2004, the canine population in Araçatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, suffered two major canine zoonoses: rabies and visceral leishmaniasis. Changes in the dog population during this period were evaluated using canine census data from 1994 and 2004 and the results of blood samples for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in 1999. The ratio of dogs per 10 inhabitants varied from 1.7 in 1994 to 2.0 in 1999 and 1.8 in 2004. The percentage of puppies less than 1 year of age increased from 20% to 32.5%, and the number of euthanized dogs also increased after 1999, when visceral leishmaniasis began to appear. The number of dogs and percentage of puppies varied between different areas of the city, and neighborhoods with a higher percentage of young animals showed more cases of both human and canine leishmaniasis. This result may be due to control measures applied in these areas in response to cases of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis, but the increase in the younger canine population can be accompanied by increased susceptibility in these animals, thus favoring maintenance of the disease in the area.
Veterinary Parasitology, 2008
Measures employed to control visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil have focused on vector control by r... more Measures employed to control visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil have focused on vector control by residual insecticide spraying and diagnosis of infection with elimination of positive dogs. We describe dog culling and replacement in a Brazilian endemic area (the Alvorada District, Araçatuba, SP) in order to better understand dog population dynamics when elimination of the dog reservoir is adopted as the main control measure. From August 2002 to July 2004, 60.9% of the estimated dog population for the area was culled with a mean age of 34 months old. The presence of anti-Leishmania sp. antibodies was recorded for only 26.7% of the euthanized canines. Replacement was observed in 38.8% of the cases, some of them by 2 or more dogs and in a mean time of 4 months. Dogs were replaced mostly by puppies of both sexes with a mean age of 6.8 months. From August 2002 to April 2005 we were able to follow-up 116 of these dogs, during a mean time of 8.7 months. Canine visceral leishmaniasis seropositivity by ELISA was observed in 42.2% of the followed dogs, 30.6% of which were already positive at the first evaluation. By the end of the followup period 37% of the dogs were submitted to euthanasia, with a mean age of 18.3 months. In the studied CVL endemic area of Brazil, euthanasia and the subsequent replacement ratio were high, increasing the dog population turnover and leading to a younger population that might be more susceptible to a variety of other infectious diseases in addition to CVL. Dog culling as a control strategy for VL should be reassessed.
Esse trabalho objetivou estimar a reposição de cães em área endêmica para leishmaniose visceral, ... more Esse trabalho objetivou estimar a reposição de cães em área endêmica para leishmaniose visceral, onde a eutanásia de animais soropositivos é indicada como medida de controle, e avaliar os motivos que levaram a aquisição ou não de novos animais. Houve a reposição em 44,5% dos casos, principalmente devido à necessidade de companhia ou guarda. O principal motivo para a não-reposição foi o temor da leishmaniose visceral.