Andrea Garmyn - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Andrea Garmyn

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2018

Advances in Meat Processing Technology, 2017

Current study was conducted in order to evaluate glycogen level and its influence on the sensory ... more Current study was conducted in order to evaluate glycogen level and its influence on the sensory characteristics of goat meat of different age groups such as A (6-12 m; age), B (13-18 m; age) and C (>18 m; age) slaughtered at Tandojam market. Goat meat of all three age groups were examined for glycogen level and characteristics including juiciness, tenderness, colour, overall palatability and flavor were examined. Average glycogen level of goat meat of group A and B were statistically non-considerable. Average score rated for flavor, juiciness, tenderness, overall palatability and colour of group A and B goat meat were relatively similar, but comparatively higher compared to group C. Glycogen level possessed no prominent (P>0.05) effect on colour score. The relationship of glycogen with flavor was found positive in goat meat of group A but negative for group B and C. The relationship was found to be negative between glycogen and juiciness of group A and positive to group B and C. The influence of glycogen on tenderness was found to be strong in group A and weak in group B, while it was noted modest incase of group C. The relationship was found to be negative between glycogen and overall palatability of group A and C but the positive in group B. Despite, the goat meat of group A and B were found to be statistically similar in physical and sensory characteristics, the results varied slightly, and group B goat meat concluded to be better among all groups. Contribution/ Originality: This study contributes to the existing literature by evaluating glycogen level and its influence on the sensory characteristics of goat meat of different age groups such as A (6-12 m; age), B (13-18 m; age) and C (>18 m; age) slaughtered at Tandojam market. 1. INTRODUCTION Goat is considered an important meat animal throughout the throughout the world now days. In Pakistan, they are commonly reared for multi-purposes like meat, milk and hair production. It is assumed that none of breeds seems to specially be developed as a dairy or meat type, but they serve as multipurpose animals with low performance level [1]. There are no religious or cultural limitations on the utilization of goat meat that results goats to be commonly available in every society where eating beef, pork or other meat types are prohibited. It is has

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2018

A consumer study was conducted to measure sensory differences between country (United States and ... more A consumer study was conducted to measure sensory differences between country (United States and New Zealand) and muscle or muscle group for 11 different cuts of New Zealand beef when using a slow cook method.

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2017

The USA and China are Australia’ s strongest sheep meat export markets , however insights into co... more The USA and China are Australia’ s strongest sheep meat export markets , however insights into consumer perceptions of Australian sheep meat are limited . IMF and shear force are good indicators of eating quality for Australian consumers however the relationship for American and Chinese consumers is unknown. Eating quality scores (tenderness, juiciness, liking of flavour, and overall liking) were obtained from American, Australian, and Chinese consumers for Longissimus lumborum and semimembranosus muscles collected from Australian sheep (n=328). Shear force was negatively associated with all sensory traits, consistent for all countries. Whereas, increasing IMF levels had a positive impact on all eating quality scores for all countries, however the most significant change was observed for Australian consumers indicating their higher sensitivity towards IMF differences.

Animal Frontiers, 2021

Animal Frontiers is published quarterly by the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), Canadia... more Animal Frontiers is published quarterly by the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), Canadian Society of Animal Science (CSAS), the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP), and the American Meat Science Association (AMSA). This magazine synthesizes information, through applied reviews, from across disciplines within the animal sciences. Animal Frontiers is provided as a benefit to the members of these societies.

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2021

A consumer study was conducted to determine if consumers scored beef palatability traits differen... more A consumer study was conducted to determine if consumers scored beef palatability traits differently on paper vs. digital ballots. Beef subprimals were collected to represent four treatments with inherent variation in eating quality: USDA Select eye round aged 7 d postmortem, USDA Select strip loin aged 7 d postmortem, USDA Choice tenderloin aged 21 d postmortem, and USDA Prime strip loin aged 21 d postmortem. Accessory muscles, external fat, and connective tissue were removed from subprimals. Muscles were fabricated into 2.5 cm steaks and further divided into 2 equal halves for consumer testing. Consumers (n = 360) were served eight samples divided into two blocks representing the two ballot types. Select longissimus lumborum samples were always served in the first and fifth position to start each ballot block, with the remaining three treatments served in a randomized order between the latter three positions within each ballot block. Consumers rated each steak sample for tendernes...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate differences in smoked beef brisket palatability fr... more The objective of this study was to investigate differences in smoked beef brisket palatability from 3 USDA quality grades (USDA Prime, average [middle 1/3] Choice, and Select). Briskets (n = 54; 18 per quality grade) were seasoned with a blend of 1:1 coarse salt/black pepper, and then cooked in a smoker to a final internal temperature of 93°C for approximately 6 to 7 h. For sensory analysis, briskets were separated into point (pectoralis superficialis) and flat (pectoralis profundus) portions and then sliced perpendicular to the muscle fibers. Consumer panelists (N = 360) evaluated palatability traits, acceptability of each trait, and willingness to pay (WTP). An interaction between quality grade and muscle was observed (P ≤ 0.03) for all palatability traits, proportion of acceptable samples, and WTP. Consumers could not distinguish among quality grades of the point portions for tenderness, juiciness, flavor liking, and overall liking (P > 0.05). Point samples, regardless of qual...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2018

Foods, 2020

Along with animal production factors, it is important to understand whether demographic factors i... more Along with animal production factors, it is important to understand whether demographic factors influence untrained consumer perceptions of eating quality. This study examined the impact of demographic factors and sheepmeat consumption preferences on eating quality scores of American, Australian and Chinese untrained consumers. M. longissimus lumborum (LL) and m. semimembranosus (SM) were grilled according to sheep Meat Standards Australia protocols and evaluated by 2160 consumers for tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall liking. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyse the impact of demographic factors and sheepmeat consumption habits on eating quality scores. Consumer age, gender, number of adults in a household and income had the strongest effect on sensory scores (P ≤ 0.05), although, the impact was often different across countries. Frequency of lamb consumption had an impact on sensory scores of American, Australian and Chinese consumers but larger sample sizes in ...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2018

Lamb was sourced from 3 countries [Australia (AUS), New Zealand (NZ), and United States (US)] rep... more Lamb was sourced from 3 countries [Australia (AUS), New Zealand (NZ), and United States (US)] representing 2 muscle types (semimembranosus and longissimus lumborum) to evaluate the palatability of lamb loin and leg chops according to US consumers (n = 360). For tenderness, flavor, and overall liking, there was an interaction detected between source country and muscle (P < 0.05). Overall, US loin chops had the highest (P < 0.05) consumer sensory scores, were rated the most acceptable (P < 0.05), and were placed in better than everyday quality or premium quality categories more often than all other treatments. Leg samples sourced from AUS and NZ were rated the lowest (P < 0.05) for consumer sensory scores for tenderness, flavor liking and overall liking, as well as being the least acceptable (P < 0.05) for flavor liking and overall liking. Both source country and muscle impacted (P < 0.01) juiciness scores, as well as tenderness and juiciness acceptability. US chops ...

Foods, 2020

The current study was designed to broaden the understanding of the attributes impacting the senso... more The current study was designed to broaden the understanding of the attributes impacting the sensory properties of beef when consumed. Using a survey of consumers from three different geographical regions in the United States (US), we determined the impacts of three attributes on overall satisfaction in several different ways. The two main statistical methods used were an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model and the Conditional Logit model. Perhaps the most important finding of this study was that flavor was the largest contributor to consumer satisfaction. This finding was consistent throughout all the models. In the base model, flavor represented 59% of the satisfaction rating. Additionally, results indicated domestic beef was preferred over Australian beef by US consumers. Another important finding of the study was the impact of the demographic variables of age, income, and gender on satisfaction. The older group generally placed more emphasis on tenderness, while younger people pre...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2019

Beef rectus abdominis muscles (n = 100; 20/treatment) were assigned randomly to 1 of 5 treatments... more Beef rectus abdominis muscles (n = 100; 20/treatment) were assigned randomly to 1 of 5 treatments: untreated control (Control, No Treatment; CNT), vacuum tumbled control without marinade (Tumbled Control, No Treatment; TCNT), vacuum tumbled with marinade (TUMB), injected with marinade (INJ), and injected with marinade plus vacuum tumbled (IPT) to determine how enhancement techniques influence consumer palatability. After processing, flank samples were cooked (72°C), cut into 1.3-cm strips, and served as fajita strips for consumer evaluation (n = 200). Treatment influenced (P < 0.01) the rating and acceptability of all palatability traits, overall liking, and willingness to pay (WTP). Consumers scored IPT and INJ more tender compared to all other treatments (P < 0.05). Samples processed using IPT and INJ were juicier (P < 0.05) than all other treatments, except INJ and TUMB were similar (P > 0.05). Samples processed using TUMB and INJ were similar (P > 0.05) for flavor...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2017

Sides of the 40 selected carcasses were alternately assigned to both conventional chilling and co... more Sides of the 40 selected carcasses were alternately assigned to both conventional chilling and cold boning (CB) or hot boning (HB). Fabrication of CB sides took place after overnight chilling (20 h postmortem) and subsequent carcass grading, while fabrication of HB sides occurred on the day of slaughter within 60 min of exsanguination. Five muscles were removed, including the longissimus lumborum (LL), longissimus thoracis (LT), psoas major (PM), gluteus medius (GM), and semimembranosus (SM) for consumer evaluation, compositional analysis, and sarcomere length determination. Cold boning muscles had longer (P < 0.05) sarcomere lengths compared to HB muscles, expect for the GM and SM. Chilling treatment and postmortem aging (7, 21, or 35 d postmortem) had an impact on eating quality, but these results varied by muscle. Cold shortening could be responsible for the differences in sarcomere length and ultimately differences in tenderness between HB and CB muscles. Based on consumer ev...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2019

Proximate composition, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), consumer sensory traits, fatty acid co... more Proximate composition, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), consumer sensory traits, fatty acid composition, and volatile flavor compounds were assessed on steaks from USDA Select strip loins (n = 40; 8/treatment) representing grass-fed beef sourced from New Zealand (NZ) with marbling consistent with USDA Select along with strip loins from four feeding treatments designed to evaluate the effects of early exposure to grain-based diets for 0 d (0D), 40 d (40D), 80 d (80D), or 120 d (120D) prior to pasture-finishing on meat quality and composition. Percent fat, moisture, and protein and WBSF did not differ (P > 0.05), but percent ash was decreased in 120D samples compared to those from NZ, 0D, and 40D (P < 0.05). Consumer scores for all traits differed among samples from the treatments (P < 0.05), with steaks from NZ receiving greater scores for flavor liking than those from 0D, 40D, and 80D (P < 0.05). Consumers also rated NZ and 120D samples greatest for overall liking (P ...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify if consumers’ palatability scores of beef top loin stea... more The purpose of this study was to identify if consumers’ palatability scores of beef top loin steaks were affected by disclosing production practices or brands related to each product. Strip loins were selected to represent 5 treatments: Grain-Fed Natural (Natural), Certified Angus Beef (CAB), Local Grass Fed (Grass), USDA Select (Conventional), and USDA Certified Organic (Organic). Two separate experiments were conducted (n = 120/experiment). In Experiment 1 and 2, panelists received the 5 treatment samples in a standard blind testing format in segment 1 (S1). In the second segment (S2) of Experiment 1, short descriptions were read aloud to participants before receiving each of their 5 samples, but all samples were actually USDA Select (false disclosure). In the second segment of Experiment 2, treatment descriptions were provided that matched the 5 treatments samples (true disclosure). When consumers evaluated samples in S1, they rated the Natural and CAB samples more tender and jui...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2019

Consumer sensory analysis was conducted to determine differences in beef palatability between thr... more Consumer sensory analysis was conducted to determine differences in beef palatability between three process-verified feeding programs (New Zealand fodder beet, New Zealand grass/non-fodder beet, US grain). Beef strip loins were selected to represent low or high expected eating quality (based on eligibility for the company’s branded program, which focuses on carcass attributes of marbling, ossification, pH, 12th rib fat, and HCW), resulting in 6 treatments: fodder beet low quality (FBL), fodder beet high quality (FBH), non-fodder beet low quality (NFBL), and non-fodder beet high quality (NFBH), Select (SEL) and Top Choice (TCH). Samples were aged until 21 or 35 d postmortem. Extending postmortem aging positively influenced (P < 0.05) New Zealand non-fodder beet samples, but largely had no effect (P > 0.05) on New Zealand fodder beet samples, with the exception that tenderness was improved (P < 0.05). Postmortem aging had a negative impact (P < 0.05) on SEL juiciness and T...

Journal of Animal Science, 2016

Product quality is a high priority for the beef industry because of its importance as a major dri... more Product quality is a high priority for the beef industry because of its importance as a major driver of consumer demand for beef and the ability of the industry to improve it. A 2-prong approach based on implementation of a genetic program to improve eating quality and a system to communicate eating quality and increase the probability that consumers' eating quality expectations are met is outlined. The objectives of this study were 1) to identify the best carcass and meat composition traits to be used in a selection program to improve eating quality and 2) to develop a relatively small number of classes that reflect real and perceptible differences in eating quality that can be communicated to consumers and identify a subset of carcass and meat composition traits with the highest predictive accuracy across all eating quality classes. Carcass traits, meat composition, including Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), intramuscular fat content (IMFC), trained sensory panel scores, and mineral composition traits of 1,666 Angus cattle were used in this study. Three eating quality indexes, EATQ1, EATQ2, and EATQ3, were generated by using different weights for the sensory traits (emphasis on tenderness, flavor, and juiciness, respectively). The best model for predicting eating quality explained 37%, 9%, and 19% of the variability of EATQ1, EATQ2, and EATQ3, and 2 traits, WBSF and IMFC, accounted for most of the variability explained by the best models. EATQ1 combines tenderness, juiciness, and flavor assessed by trained panels with 0.60, 0.15, and 0.25 weights, best describes North American consumers, and has a moderate heritability (0.18 ± 0.06). A selection index (I s = −0.5[WBSF] + 0.3[IMFC]) based on phenotypic and genetic variances and covariances can be used to improve eating quality as a correlated trait. The 3 indexes (EATQ1, EATQ2, and EATQ3) were used to generate 3 equal (33.3%) low, medium, and high eating quality classes, and linear combinations of traits that best predict class membership were estimated using a predictive discriminant analysis. The best predictive model to classify new observations into low, medium, and high eating quality classes defined by the EATQ1 index included WBSF, IMFC, HCW, and marbling score and resulted in a total error rate of 47.06%, much lower than the 60.74% error rate when the prediction of class membership was based on the USDA grading system. The 2 best predictors were WBSF and IMFC, and they accounted for 97.2% of the variability explained by the best model.

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 2007

Meat Science, 2016

Consumer beef preference is influenced by palatability traits which can differ depending on cattl... more Consumer beef preference is influenced by palatability traits which can differ depending on cattle finishing diets. Traditionally, cattle in the U.S. are finished on a grain-based diet, whereas in many other countries, cattle are finished exclusively on forage-based diets. The presence of U.S. beef in the international trade market has influenced some countries to change production systems to compete with U.S. beef. Currently, there is no data describing consumer perception of grain-finished U.S. imported and Honduran domestic beef. The objective of this study was to characterize beef from U.S. and Honduras feeding regimes (grain vs. forage based diets) on palatability traits and to assess the willingness of Honduran and U.S. consumers to pay for these products. All U.S. sourced strip loins from grain-finished cattle, aged 21 d, were selected to equally represent Select (USS) (USDA Select; n = 6) and Top Choice (USTC) (upper 2/3 USDA Choice; n = 6) quality grades. Additionally, strip loins (n = 6) from Honduran grass-finished (HGRASS) cattle and grain-finished (HGRAIN) cattle (n = 6) were collected from a packing plant in Siguatepeque, Honduras and aged 21 d. Sub-primals were fabricated into 2.5 cm-thick steaks and frozen (-20 o C). A steak from each striploin was selected to conduct proximate analysis in which fat, collagen, moisture and protein percentages were determined. Steaks were thawed for 24 h at 2 to 4 o C prior to consumer evaluation and were cooked on clamshell grills to 77°C. Each steak was portioned into 10 uniform pieces and served warm to panelists. A consumer panel (n = 240 panelists) was conducted

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2018

Advances in Meat Processing Technology, 2017

Current study was conducted in order to evaluate glycogen level and its influence on the sensory ... more Current study was conducted in order to evaluate glycogen level and its influence on the sensory characteristics of goat meat of different age groups such as A (6-12 m; age), B (13-18 m; age) and C (>18 m; age) slaughtered at Tandojam market. Goat meat of all three age groups were examined for glycogen level and characteristics including juiciness, tenderness, colour, overall palatability and flavor were examined. Average glycogen level of goat meat of group A and B were statistically non-considerable. Average score rated for flavor, juiciness, tenderness, overall palatability and colour of group A and B goat meat were relatively similar, but comparatively higher compared to group C. Glycogen level possessed no prominent (P>0.05) effect on colour score. The relationship of glycogen with flavor was found positive in goat meat of group A but negative for group B and C. The relationship was found to be negative between glycogen and juiciness of group A and positive to group B and C. The influence of glycogen on tenderness was found to be strong in group A and weak in group B, while it was noted modest incase of group C. The relationship was found to be negative between glycogen and overall palatability of group A and C but the positive in group B. Despite, the goat meat of group A and B were found to be statistically similar in physical and sensory characteristics, the results varied slightly, and group B goat meat concluded to be better among all groups. Contribution/ Originality: This study contributes to the existing literature by evaluating glycogen level and its influence on the sensory characteristics of goat meat of different age groups such as A (6-12 m; age), B (13-18 m; age) and C (>18 m; age) slaughtered at Tandojam market. 1. INTRODUCTION Goat is considered an important meat animal throughout the throughout the world now days. In Pakistan, they are commonly reared for multi-purposes like meat, milk and hair production. It is assumed that none of breeds seems to specially be developed as a dairy or meat type, but they serve as multipurpose animals with low performance level [1]. There are no religious or cultural limitations on the utilization of goat meat that results goats to be commonly available in every society where eating beef, pork or other meat types are prohibited. It is has

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2018

A consumer study was conducted to measure sensory differences between country (United States and ... more A consumer study was conducted to measure sensory differences between country (United States and New Zealand) and muscle or muscle group for 11 different cuts of New Zealand beef when using a slow cook method.

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2017

The USA and China are Australia’ s strongest sheep meat export markets , however insights into co... more The USA and China are Australia’ s strongest sheep meat export markets , however insights into consumer perceptions of Australian sheep meat are limited . IMF and shear force are good indicators of eating quality for Australian consumers however the relationship for American and Chinese consumers is unknown. Eating quality scores (tenderness, juiciness, liking of flavour, and overall liking) were obtained from American, Australian, and Chinese consumers for Longissimus lumborum and semimembranosus muscles collected from Australian sheep (n=328). Shear force was negatively associated with all sensory traits, consistent for all countries. Whereas, increasing IMF levels had a positive impact on all eating quality scores for all countries, however the most significant change was observed for Australian consumers indicating their higher sensitivity towards IMF differences.

Animal Frontiers, 2021

Animal Frontiers is published quarterly by the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), Canadia... more Animal Frontiers is published quarterly by the American Society of Animal Science (ASAS), Canadian Society of Animal Science (CSAS), the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP), and the American Meat Science Association (AMSA). This magazine synthesizes information, through applied reviews, from across disciplines within the animal sciences. Animal Frontiers is provided as a benefit to the members of these societies.

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2021

A consumer study was conducted to determine if consumers scored beef palatability traits differen... more A consumer study was conducted to determine if consumers scored beef palatability traits differently on paper vs. digital ballots. Beef subprimals were collected to represent four treatments with inherent variation in eating quality: USDA Select eye round aged 7 d postmortem, USDA Select strip loin aged 7 d postmortem, USDA Choice tenderloin aged 21 d postmortem, and USDA Prime strip loin aged 21 d postmortem. Accessory muscles, external fat, and connective tissue were removed from subprimals. Muscles were fabricated into 2.5 cm steaks and further divided into 2 equal halves for consumer testing. Consumers (n = 360) were served eight samples divided into two blocks representing the two ballot types. Select longissimus lumborum samples were always served in the first and fifth position to start each ballot block, with the remaining three treatments served in a randomized order between the latter three positions within each ballot block. Consumers rated each steak sample for tendernes...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate differences in smoked beef brisket palatability fr... more The objective of this study was to investigate differences in smoked beef brisket palatability from 3 USDA quality grades (USDA Prime, average [middle 1/3] Choice, and Select). Briskets (n = 54; 18 per quality grade) were seasoned with a blend of 1:1 coarse salt/black pepper, and then cooked in a smoker to a final internal temperature of 93°C for approximately 6 to 7 h. For sensory analysis, briskets were separated into point (pectoralis superficialis) and flat (pectoralis profundus) portions and then sliced perpendicular to the muscle fibers. Consumer panelists (N = 360) evaluated palatability traits, acceptability of each trait, and willingness to pay (WTP). An interaction between quality grade and muscle was observed (P ≤ 0.03) for all palatability traits, proportion of acceptable samples, and WTP. Consumers could not distinguish among quality grades of the point portions for tenderness, juiciness, flavor liking, and overall liking (P > 0.05). Point samples, regardless of qual...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2018

Foods, 2020

Along with animal production factors, it is important to understand whether demographic factors i... more Along with animal production factors, it is important to understand whether demographic factors influence untrained consumer perceptions of eating quality. This study examined the impact of demographic factors and sheepmeat consumption preferences on eating quality scores of American, Australian and Chinese untrained consumers. M. longissimus lumborum (LL) and m. semimembranosus (SM) were grilled according to sheep Meat Standards Australia protocols and evaluated by 2160 consumers for tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall liking. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyse the impact of demographic factors and sheepmeat consumption habits on eating quality scores. Consumer age, gender, number of adults in a household and income had the strongest effect on sensory scores (P ≤ 0.05), although, the impact was often different across countries. Frequency of lamb consumption had an impact on sensory scores of American, Australian and Chinese consumers but larger sample sizes in ...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2018

Lamb was sourced from 3 countries [Australia (AUS), New Zealand (NZ), and United States (US)] rep... more Lamb was sourced from 3 countries [Australia (AUS), New Zealand (NZ), and United States (US)] representing 2 muscle types (semimembranosus and longissimus lumborum) to evaluate the palatability of lamb loin and leg chops according to US consumers (n = 360). For tenderness, flavor, and overall liking, there was an interaction detected between source country and muscle (P < 0.05). Overall, US loin chops had the highest (P < 0.05) consumer sensory scores, were rated the most acceptable (P < 0.05), and were placed in better than everyday quality or premium quality categories more often than all other treatments. Leg samples sourced from AUS and NZ were rated the lowest (P < 0.05) for consumer sensory scores for tenderness, flavor liking and overall liking, as well as being the least acceptable (P < 0.05) for flavor liking and overall liking. Both source country and muscle impacted (P < 0.01) juiciness scores, as well as tenderness and juiciness acceptability. US chops ...

Foods, 2020

The current study was designed to broaden the understanding of the attributes impacting the senso... more The current study was designed to broaden the understanding of the attributes impacting the sensory properties of beef when consumed. Using a survey of consumers from three different geographical regions in the United States (US), we determined the impacts of three attributes on overall satisfaction in several different ways. The two main statistical methods used were an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model and the Conditional Logit model. Perhaps the most important finding of this study was that flavor was the largest contributor to consumer satisfaction. This finding was consistent throughout all the models. In the base model, flavor represented 59% of the satisfaction rating. Additionally, results indicated domestic beef was preferred over Australian beef by US consumers. Another important finding of the study was the impact of the demographic variables of age, income, and gender on satisfaction. The older group generally placed more emphasis on tenderness, while younger people pre...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2019

Beef rectus abdominis muscles (n = 100; 20/treatment) were assigned randomly to 1 of 5 treatments... more Beef rectus abdominis muscles (n = 100; 20/treatment) were assigned randomly to 1 of 5 treatments: untreated control (Control, No Treatment; CNT), vacuum tumbled control without marinade (Tumbled Control, No Treatment; TCNT), vacuum tumbled with marinade (TUMB), injected with marinade (INJ), and injected with marinade plus vacuum tumbled (IPT) to determine how enhancement techniques influence consumer palatability. After processing, flank samples were cooked (72°C), cut into 1.3-cm strips, and served as fajita strips for consumer evaluation (n = 200). Treatment influenced (P < 0.01) the rating and acceptability of all palatability traits, overall liking, and willingness to pay (WTP). Consumers scored IPT and INJ more tender compared to all other treatments (P < 0.05). Samples processed using IPT and INJ were juicier (P < 0.05) than all other treatments, except INJ and TUMB were similar (P > 0.05). Samples processed using TUMB and INJ were similar (P > 0.05) for flavor...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2017

Sides of the 40 selected carcasses were alternately assigned to both conventional chilling and co... more Sides of the 40 selected carcasses were alternately assigned to both conventional chilling and cold boning (CB) or hot boning (HB). Fabrication of CB sides took place after overnight chilling (20 h postmortem) and subsequent carcass grading, while fabrication of HB sides occurred on the day of slaughter within 60 min of exsanguination. Five muscles were removed, including the longissimus lumborum (LL), longissimus thoracis (LT), psoas major (PM), gluteus medius (GM), and semimembranosus (SM) for consumer evaluation, compositional analysis, and sarcomere length determination. Cold boning muscles had longer (P < 0.05) sarcomere lengths compared to HB muscles, expect for the GM and SM. Chilling treatment and postmortem aging (7, 21, or 35 d postmortem) had an impact on eating quality, but these results varied by muscle. Cold shortening could be responsible for the differences in sarcomere length and ultimately differences in tenderness between HB and CB muscles. Based on consumer ev...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2019

Proximate composition, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), consumer sensory traits, fatty acid co... more Proximate composition, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), consumer sensory traits, fatty acid composition, and volatile flavor compounds were assessed on steaks from USDA Select strip loins (n = 40; 8/treatment) representing grass-fed beef sourced from New Zealand (NZ) with marbling consistent with USDA Select along with strip loins from four feeding treatments designed to evaluate the effects of early exposure to grain-based diets for 0 d (0D), 40 d (40D), 80 d (80D), or 120 d (120D) prior to pasture-finishing on meat quality and composition. Percent fat, moisture, and protein and WBSF did not differ (P > 0.05), but percent ash was decreased in 120D samples compared to those from NZ, 0D, and 40D (P < 0.05). Consumer scores for all traits differed among samples from the treatments (P < 0.05), with steaks from NZ receiving greater scores for flavor liking than those from 0D, 40D, and 80D (P < 0.05). Consumers also rated NZ and 120D samples greatest for overall liking (P ...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify if consumers’ palatability scores of beef top loin stea... more The purpose of this study was to identify if consumers’ palatability scores of beef top loin steaks were affected by disclosing production practices or brands related to each product. Strip loins were selected to represent 5 treatments: Grain-Fed Natural (Natural), Certified Angus Beef (CAB), Local Grass Fed (Grass), USDA Select (Conventional), and USDA Certified Organic (Organic). Two separate experiments were conducted (n = 120/experiment). In Experiment 1 and 2, panelists received the 5 treatment samples in a standard blind testing format in segment 1 (S1). In the second segment (S2) of Experiment 1, short descriptions were read aloud to participants before receiving each of their 5 samples, but all samples were actually USDA Select (false disclosure). In the second segment of Experiment 2, treatment descriptions were provided that matched the 5 treatments samples (true disclosure). When consumers evaluated samples in S1, they rated the Natural and CAB samples more tender and jui...

Meat and Muscle Biology, 2019

Consumer sensory analysis was conducted to determine differences in beef palatability between thr... more Consumer sensory analysis was conducted to determine differences in beef palatability between three process-verified feeding programs (New Zealand fodder beet, New Zealand grass/non-fodder beet, US grain). Beef strip loins were selected to represent low or high expected eating quality (based on eligibility for the company’s branded program, which focuses on carcass attributes of marbling, ossification, pH, 12th rib fat, and HCW), resulting in 6 treatments: fodder beet low quality (FBL), fodder beet high quality (FBH), non-fodder beet low quality (NFBL), and non-fodder beet high quality (NFBH), Select (SEL) and Top Choice (TCH). Samples were aged until 21 or 35 d postmortem. Extending postmortem aging positively influenced (P < 0.05) New Zealand non-fodder beet samples, but largely had no effect (P > 0.05) on New Zealand fodder beet samples, with the exception that tenderness was improved (P < 0.05). Postmortem aging had a negative impact (P < 0.05) on SEL juiciness and T...

Journal of Animal Science, 2016

Product quality is a high priority for the beef industry because of its importance as a major dri... more Product quality is a high priority for the beef industry because of its importance as a major driver of consumer demand for beef and the ability of the industry to improve it. A 2-prong approach based on implementation of a genetic program to improve eating quality and a system to communicate eating quality and increase the probability that consumers' eating quality expectations are met is outlined. The objectives of this study were 1) to identify the best carcass and meat composition traits to be used in a selection program to improve eating quality and 2) to develop a relatively small number of classes that reflect real and perceptible differences in eating quality that can be communicated to consumers and identify a subset of carcass and meat composition traits with the highest predictive accuracy across all eating quality classes. Carcass traits, meat composition, including Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), intramuscular fat content (IMFC), trained sensory panel scores, and mineral composition traits of 1,666 Angus cattle were used in this study. Three eating quality indexes, EATQ1, EATQ2, and EATQ3, were generated by using different weights for the sensory traits (emphasis on tenderness, flavor, and juiciness, respectively). The best model for predicting eating quality explained 37%, 9%, and 19% of the variability of EATQ1, EATQ2, and EATQ3, and 2 traits, WBSF and IMFC, accounted for most of the variability explained by the best models. EATQ1 combines tenderness, juiciness, and flavor assessed by trained panels with 0.60, 0.15, and 0.25 weights, best describes North American consumers, and has a moderate heritability (0.18 ± 0.06). A selection index (I s = −0.5[WBSF] + 0.3[IMFC]) based on phenotypic and genetic variances and covariances can be used to improve eating quality as a correlated trait. The 3 indexes (EATQ1, EATQ2, and EATQ3) were used to generate 3 equal (33.3%) low, medium, and high eating quality classes, and linear combinations of traits that best predict class membership were estimated using a predictive discriminant analysis. The best predictive model to classify new observations into low, medium, and high eating quality classes defined by the EATQ1 index included WBSF, IMFC, HCW, and marbling score and resulted in a total error rate of 47.06%, much lower than the 60.74% error rate when the prediction of class membership was based on the USDA grading system. The 2 best predictors were WBSF and IMFC, and they accounted for 97.2% of the variability explained by the best model.

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, 2007

Meat Science, 2016

Consumer beef preference is influenced by palatability traits which can differ depending on cattl... more Consumer beef preference is influenced by palatability traits which can differ depending on cattle finishing diets. Traditionally, cattle in the U.S. are finished on a grain-based diet, whereas in many other countries, cattle are finished exclusively on forage-based diets. The presence of U.S. beef in the international trade market has influenced some countries to change production systems to compete with U.S. beef. Currently, there is no data describing consumer perception of grain-finished U.S. imported and Honduran domestic beef. The objective of this study was to characterize beef from U.S. and Honduras feeding regimes (grain vs. forage based diets) on palatability traits and to assess the willingness of Honduran and U.S. consumers to pay for these products. All U.S. sourced strip loins from grain-finished cattle, aged 21 d, were selected to equally represent Select (USS) (USDA Select; n = 6) and Top Choice (USTC) (upper 2/3 USDA Choice; n = 6) quality grades. Additionally, strip loins (n = 6) from Honduran grass-finished (HGRASS) cattle and grain-finished (HGRAIN) cattle (n = 6) were collected from a packing plant in Siguatepeque, Honduras and aged 21 d. Sub-primals were fabricated into 2.5 cm-thick steaks and frozen (-20 o C). A steak from each striploin was selected to conduct proximate analysis in which fat, collagen, moisture and protein percentages were determined. Steaks were thawed for 24 h at 2 to 4 o C prior to consumer evaluation and were cooked on clamshell grills to 77°C. Each steak was portioned into 10 uniform pieces and served warm to panelists. A consumer panel (n = 240 panelists) was conducted