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Papers by Andrea Ramirez

Research paper thumbnail of Planning CCS development in the West Mediterranean

Research paper thumbnail of Informed public opinions on CO2 mitigation options in the Netherlands:deliberating expert information and lay beliefs

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of CO2 capture in the power and heat sector on the emission of SO2, NOx, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds and NH3 in the European Union

Atmospheric Environment, Apr 1, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Large Scale Carbon Capture and Storage in Brazil: a preliminary cost modelling for Campos Basin's Oil Fields

Research paper thumbnail of The potential of geological storage of CO2 in Austria: a techno-economic assessment

Geophysical Research Abstracts, May 1, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Multiregional environmental comparison of fossil fuel power generation—Assessment of the contribution of fugitive emissions from conventional and unconventional fossil resources

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2015

ABSTRACT In this paper we investigate the influence of fugitive methane emissions from coal, natu... more ABSTRACT In this paper we investigate the influence of fugitive methane emissions from coal, natural gas, and shale gas extraction on the greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts of fossil fuel power generation through its life cycle. A multiregional hybridized life cycle assessment (LCA) model is used to evaluate several electricity generation technologies with and without carbon dioxide capture and storage. Based on data from the UNFCCC and other literature sources, it is shown that methane emissions from fossil fuel production vary more widely than commonly acknowledged in the LCA literature. This high variability, together with regional disparity in methane emissions, points to the existence of both significant uncertainty and natural variability. The results indicate that the impact of fugitive methane emissions can be significant, ranging from 3% to 56% of total impacts depending on type of technology and region. Total GHG emissions, in CO2-eq./kWh, vary considerably according to the region of the power plant, plant type, and the choice of associated fugitive methane emissions, with values as low as 0.08 kg CO2-eq./kWh and as high as 1.52 kg CO2-eq./kWh. The variability indicates significant opportunities for controlling methane emissions from fuel chains.

Research paper thumbnail of Preliminary Results of a Techno-Economic Assessment of CO2 Capture-network Configurations in the Industry

Energy Procedia, 2013

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Uncertainties in risk assessment of CO2 pipelines

Research paper thumbnail of Economic Optimization of CO2 Pipeline Configurations

Research paper thumbnail of The Techno-Economic Potential of Integrated Gasification Co-Generation Facilities with CCS Going from Coal to Biomass

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a large scale CO2 infrastructure. The case of the Netherlands

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009

Page 1. Development of a large scale CO2 infrastructure. The case of the Netherlands This article... more Page 1. Development of a large scale CO2 infrastructure. The case of the Netherlands This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text article. 2009 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 6 172009 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Long Abstract

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of potentials and costs of CO {sub 2} storage in the Utsira aquifer in the North Sea

Research paper thumbnail of The potential of geological storage of CO2 in Austria: a techno-economic assessment

Research paper thumbnail of The influence of risk mitigation measures on the risks, costs and routing of CO 2 pipelines

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze whether, and if so, in what way risks would influen... more ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze whether, and if so, in what way risks would influence the design, costs and routing of CO2 pipelines. This article assesses locational and societal risks of CO2 pipeline transport and analyses whether rerouting or implementing additional risk mitigation measures is the most cost-effective option. The models EFFECTS and RISKCURVES are used to estimate the dispersion and risk, respectively. The pipeline routes are optimized by using the least cost path function in ArcGIS. This article evaluates three case studies in the Netherlands. The results show that pipelines transporting dense phase CO2 (8–17 MPa) with a minimal amount of risk mitigation measures already meet the 10−6 locational risk required in the Netherlands. 10−6 locational risks of 135 m are calculated for intermediate pumping stations, handling 450 kg CO2/s (about 14 Mt CO2/year). In all the cases, pumping stations could be located along the pipeline route without any problem. For the cases studied transporting gaseous CO2 (1.5–3 MPa) leads to larger 10−6 locational risk distances than transporting dense phase CO2. This is caused by the large momentum behind a dense phase CO2 release, leading to smaller but higher jet and to a higher mixing rate with the surrounding air than for a gaseous CO2 release. Based on our analysis, it can be concluded that dense phase CO2 transport is safe if it is well organized. The risks are manageable and widely accepted under current legislation. In addition, risk mitigation measures, like marker tape and increased surveillance, are available which reduce the risk significantly and increase the costs only slightly. Pipeline routing for gaseous CO2 transport appears more challenging in densely populated areas, because larger safety zones are attached to it.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of potentials and costs of storage CO2 in the Utsira aquifer in the North Sea, Country report–The Netherlands

Research paper thumbnail of Large Scale Carbon Capture and Storage in Brazil: A Preliminary Cost Modelling for Campos Basin's Oil Fields

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of potentials and costs of storage CO2 in the Utsira aquifer in the North Sea, WP2: Assessment and harmonization of CCS related economic and physical performance parameters of the MARKAL and TIMES models

Research paper thumbnail of Development of an Environmental Performance Assessment tool for Carbon Capture & Storage chains

Research paper thumbnail of The impacts of CO2 capture on transboundary air pollution in the Netherlands

Research paper thumbnail of Planning CCS development in the West Mediterranean

Research paper thumbnail of Informed public opinions on CO2 mitigation options in the Netherlands:deliberating expert information and lay beliefs

Research paper thumbnail of The impact of CO2 capture in the power and heat sector on the emission of SO2, NOx, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds and NH3 in the European Union

Atmospheric Environment, Apr 1, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Large Scale Carbon Capture and Storage in Brazil: a preliminary cost modelling for Campos Basin's Oil Fields

Research paper thumbnail of The potential of geological storage of CO2 in Austria: a techno-economic assessment

Geophysical Research Abstracts, May 1, 2014

Research paper thumbnail of Multiregional environmental comparison of fossil fuel power generation—Assessment of the contribution of fugitive emissions from conventional and unconventional fossil resources

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2015

ABSTRACT In this paper we investigate the influence of fugitive methane emissions from coal, natu... more ABSTRACT In this paper we investigate the influence of fugitive methane emissions from coal, natural gas, and shale gas extraction on the greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts of fossil fuel power generation through its life cycle. A multiregional hybridized life cycle assessment (LCA) model is used to evaluate several electricity generation technologies with and without carbon dioxide capture and storage. Based on data from the UNFCCC and other literature sources, it is shown that methane emissions from fossil fuel production vary more widely than commonly acknowledged in the LCA literature. This high variability, together with regional disparity in methane emissions, points to the existence of both significant uncertainty and natural variability. The results indicate that the impact of fugitive methane emissions can be significant, ranging from 3% to 56% of total impacts depending on type of technology and region. Total GHG emissions, in CO2-eq./kWh, vary considerably according to the region of the power plant, plant type, and the choice of associated fugitive methane emissions, with values as low as 0.08 kg CO2-eq./kWh and as high as 1.52 kg CO2-eq./kWh. The variability indicates significant opportunities for controlling methane emissions from fuel chains.

Research paper thumbnail of Preliminary Results of a Techno-Economic Assessment of CO2 Capture-network Configurations in the Industry

Energy Procedia, 2013

ABSTRACT

Research paper thumbnail of Uncertainties in risk assessment of CO2 pipelines

Research paper thumbnail of Economic Optimization of CO2 Pipeline Configurations

Research paper thumbnail of The Techno-Economic Potential of Integrated Gasification Co-Generation Facilities with CCS Going from Coal to Biomass

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a large scale CO2 infrastructure. The case of the Netherlands

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2009

Page 1. Development of a large scale CO2 infrastructure. The case of the Netherlands This article... more Page 1. Development of a large scale CO2 infrastructure. The case of the Netherlands This article has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text article. 2009 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 6 172009 ...

Research paper thumbnail of Long Abstract

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of potentials and costs of CO {sub 2} storage in the Utsira aquifer in the North Sea

Research paper thumbnail of The potential of geological storage of CO2 in Austria: a techno-economic assessment

Research paper thumbnail of The influence of risk mitigation measures on the risks, costs and routing of CO 2 pipelines

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze whether, and if so, in what way risks would influen... more ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyze whether, and if so, in what way risks would influence the design, costs and routing of CO2 pipelines. This article assesses locational and societal risks of CO2 pipeline transport and analyses whether rerouting or implementing additional risk mitigation measures is the most cost-effective option. The models EFFECTS and RISKCURVES are used to estimate the dispersion and risk, respectively. The pipeline routes are optimized by using the least cost path function in ArcGIS. This article evaluates three case studies in the Netherlands. The results show that pipelines transporting dense phase CO2 (8–17 MPa) with a minimal amount of risk mitigation measures already meet the 10−6 locational risk required in the Netherlands. 10−6 locational risks of 135 m are calculated for intermediate pumping stations, handling 450 kg CO2/s (about 14 Mt CO2/year). In all the cases, pumping stations could be located along the pipeline route without any problem. For the cases studied transporting gaseous CO2 (1.5–3 MPa) leads to larger 10−6 locational risk distances than transporting dense phase CO2. This is caused by the large momentum behind a dense phase CO2 release, leading to smaller but higher jet and to a higher mixing rate with the surrounding air than for a gaseous CO2 release. Based on our analysis, it can be concluded that dense phase CO2 transport is safe if it is well organized. The risks are manageable and widely accepted under current legislation. In addition, risk mitigation measures, like marker tape and increased surveillance, are available which reduce the risk significantly and increase the costs only slightly. Pipeline routing for gaseous CO2 transport appears more challenging in densely populated areas, because larger safety zones are attached to it.

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of potentials and costs of storage CO2 in the Utsira aquifer in the North Sea, Country report–The Netherlands

Research paper thumbnail of Large Scale Carbon Capture and Storage in Brazil: A Preliminary Cost Modelling for Campos Basin's Oil Fields

Research paper thumbnail of Analysis of potentials and costs of storage CO2 in the Utsira aquifer in the North Sea, WP2: Assessment and harmonization of CCS related economic and physical performance parameters of the MARKAL and TIMES models

Research paper thumbnail of Development of an Environmental Performance Assessment tool for Carbon Capture & Storage chains

Research paper thumbnail of The impacts of CO2 capture on transboundary air pollution in the Netherlands

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