Andrew Weaver - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Andrew Weaver

A global, oceanic teleconnection of salinity, meridional overturning circulation (MOC), and clima... more A global, oceanic teleconnection of salinity, meridional overturning circulation (MOC), and climate of the North Atlantic and North Pacific is proposed. Simulations with a global climate model,show,that an extraction of freshwater from the Pacific results not only in an increase of salinity there, but also in a decrease of salinity in the Atlantic. As a result, a Pacific MOC

Nature, 2001

The two main constituent water masses of the deep North Atlantic Ocean-North Atlantic Deep Water ... more The two main constituent water masses of the deep North Atlantic Ocean-North Atlantic Deep Water at the bottom and Labrador Sea Water at an intermediate level-are currently formed in the Nordic seas and the Labrador Sea, respectively. The rate of formation of these two water masses tightly governs the strength of the global ocean circulation and the associated heat transport

Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, 1992

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The Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) is an important part of the Earth's climate syste... more The Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) is an important part of the Earth's climate system. Previous research has shown large uncertainties in simulating future changes in this critical system. As an activity of WCRP CMIP/PMIP committees, the responses of the THC to idealized freshwater perturbations and the associated climate changes have been intercompared. This intercomparison is among models ranging from the

A model that simulates vessel and seed capsule drift is used to investigate the pre-historic tran... more A model that simulates vessel and seed capsule drift is used to investigate the pre-historic transfer of the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) from the Americas to Polynesia. The simulations are based on current and wind output from numerical models and drift estimates from the United States Coast Guard. In the case of vessel drifts, the most likely introduction paths are

Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, 2011

Implementing oxygen isotopes (H218O, H216O) in coupled climate models provides both an important ... more Implementing oxygen isotopes (H218O, H216O) in coupled climate models provides both an important test of the individual model's hydrological cycle, and a powerful tool to mechanistically explore past climate changes while producing results directly comparable to isotope proxy records. Here we describe the addition of oxygen isotopes in the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM). Equilibrium simulations are performed for preindustrial and Last Glacial Maximum conditions. The oxygen isotope content in the model preindustrial climate is compared against observations for precipitation and seawater. The distribution of oxygen isotopes during the LGM is compared against available paleo-reconstructions.

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 2014

ABSTRACT The occurrence of individual extremes such as temperature and precipitation extremes can... more ABSTRACT The occurrence of individual extremes such as temperature and precipitation extremes can have a great impact on the environment. Agriculture, energy demands, and human health, among other activities, can be affected by extremely high or low temperatures and by extremely dry or wet conditions. However, the simultaneous or proximate occurrence of both types of extremes could lead to even more profound consequences. For example, a dry period can have more negative consequences on agriculture if it is concomitant with or followed by a period of extremely high temperatures. In this study the joint occurrence of heavy precipitation and extreme temperature events is analysed in Southeastern South America based on historical observations of the second half of the 20th century. Results show that warm nights (minimum temperature above the 90th percentile) and cold days (maximum temperature below the 10th percentile) are the temperature extremes more related to heavy precipitation events (daily precipitation above the 75th percentile), with the strongest and more significant signal during summer. Warm nights are significantly associated with heavy precipitation events in summer 15 to 25% of the times along a band extending from the province of Buenos Aires to the northwest, and up to 10% in northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil. When precipitation is lagged one day forward, the area of significance in southern Brazil shifts towards the coast, with more than 25% of the warm nights in summer followed by a heavy precipitation event. Cold days show a strong relationship with heavy precipitation events in northeastern Argentina and southern Brazil, where more 30% of the cold days in summer occur simultaneously with a heavy precipitation event. The signal becomes stronger when cold days are preceded by heavy precipitation events. Given that projected changes in precipitation under a climate change scenario are more uncertain than projections in temperature changes, a thorough understanding of this relation may allow for a reduction in the uncertainties associated with projected changes in precipitation. Therefore, it is important to explore whether climate models are able to simulate the relationship between heavy precipitation and extreme temperature events depicted by observed data in the region. This analysis has already been made on a regional scale for Canada, where regional climate model simulations showed good agreement with observations in the seasonal and spatial variability of the joint distribution, especially when an ensemble of simulations was used. However, projections of changes in heavy precipitation events based on changes in extreme temperatures need to be considered carefully in this region since models tend to overestimate the occurrence of heavy precipitation events during warm extreme events, and underestimate it during cold extremes.

The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 2002

The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC, 2002

The authors reviewed the literature on mental health issues among clergy and other religious prof... more The authors reviewed the literature on mental health issues among clergy and other religious professionals, using electronic searches of databases of medical (Medline), nursing (CINAHL), psychology (PsycINFO), religious (ATLA), and sociological research (Sociofile). The existing research indicates the Protestant clergy report higher levels of occupational stress than Catholic priests, brothers, or sisters. Catholic sisters repeatedly reported the lowest work-related stress, whereas women rabbis reported the highest stress levels in various studies. Occupational stress appears to be a source of family stress among Protestant clergy--a factor which clergy and their spouses believe the denominational leadership should address. High levels of stress also have been found to be associated with sexual misconduct among clergy. The authors make several recommendations based on these and other findings they report in their review.

The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC, 2003

Alternative therapies in health and medicine

The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC, 2004

Based on the content analysis of quantitative research appearing in three medical journals, the a... more Based on the content analysis of quantitative research appearing in three medical journals, the authors conclude that, despite the shared ideal of providing spiritual care to patients on the part of physicians and chaplains, there is little attention given in these journals demonstrating and promoting this shared perspective. Suggestions for future research that would focus on this common medicine/religion interface and concern are noted.

Adolescence, 2005

An electronic search of Medline and PsycInfo produced 29 studies that specifically investigated t... more An electronic search of Medline and PsycInfo produced 29 studies that specifically investigated the effects of religion on adolescent tobacco use. Independent (religion) and dependent (tobacco use) variables and variables controlled for in statistical analyses were categorized. Twenty-two of the 29 studies reported at least one significant effect of religion on tobacco use, with 31 of 43 separate analyses of religious variables yielding significant negative correlations between religion and tobacco use. Religion was inversely related to all measures of tobacco use (lifetime, occasional, and regular use), but the findings suggest religion's primary effect is its prohibitive influence against ever using tobacco.

Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, Jan 28, 2008

The global meridional overturning circulation (MOC) varies over a wide range of space and time sc... more The global meridional overturning circulation (MOC) varies over a wide range of space and time scales in response to fluctuating 'weather' perturbations that may be modelled as stochastic forcing. This study reviews model studies of the effects of climate noise on decadal to centennial MOC variability, on transitions between the MOC regimes and on the dynamics of Dansgaard-Oeschger events characteristic of glacial periods.