Andrzej Brudnicki - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Andrzej Brudnicki
Journal of Clinical Medicine
A comprehensive assessment of the treatment outcome in cleft lip and palate involves evaluating s... more A comprehensive assessment of the treatment outcome in cleft lip and palate involves evaluating speech and the impact of speech-correcting surgical interventions. This retrospective case–control study compared the speech outcomes of 37 boys and 19 girls with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) who underwent one-stage cleft repair at an average age of 8.1 months and alveolar bone grafting either before or after 6 years of age, with a non-cleft control group at an average age of 10 years. Two experienced speech and language pathologists conducted perceptual speech assessments using a specialized test of 27 sentences designed for Polish-speaking cleft patients. The results revealed that 5.3% had severe hypernasality, 1.8% had severely impaired speech intelligibility, 10.7% exhibited retracted compensatory articulations, and 7.1% displayed facial grimacing. Mild hyponasality was observed in 12.3% of patients, while 16.1% exhibited voice abnormalities. Additionally, 12.5% of patients ...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
UNLABELLED The aim of the study was the assessment of outcome of alveolar bone grafting in patien... more UNLABELLED The aim of the study was the assessment of outcome of alveolar bone grafting in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate operated on by the one-stage surgical procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study concerned 108 patients (69 boys, 39 girls) with unilateral cleft of lip and palate operated by one stage method in the Surgical Department of Children and Adolescents IMC between 1994 and 2003. The reconstruction of alveolar process in these patients was carried out by autogenic bone graft at the age ranged from 1.5 to 16 years. The surgical procedure was the same regardless of age. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to age during this procedure: I- below 6 years, II - between 6 and 10 years, III - above 10 years. Evaluation of outcome of bone grafting was assessed on the base of Oslo classification and Chelsea scale. The relation between the patient's age at the time of bone grafting and the bone healing result was analyzed by the Spearman's rank...
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal
Background: Common surgical techniques aim to turn the entire vomerine mucosa with vomer flaps ei... more Background: Common surgical techniques aim to turn the entire vomerine mucosa with vomer flaps either to the oral side or to the nasal side. The latter approach is widely performed due to the similarity in color to the nasal mucosa. However, we lack a histologic description of the curved vomerine mucosa in cleft lip and palate malformations. Methods: We histologically examined an excess of curved vomerine mucosa in 8 patients using hematoxylin–eosin, periodic acid–Schiff, Elastin van Gieson, and Alcian blue stains. Tissue samples were obtained during surgery at 8 months of age. Results: Our histological analysis of the mucoperiosteum overlying the curved vomer revealed characteristics consistent with those of an oral mucosa or a squamous metaplasia of the nasal mucosa, as exhibited by a stratified squamous epithelium containing numerous seromucous glands. Some areas showed a palisaded arrangement of the basal cells compatible with metaplasia of respiratory epithelium, but no goblet ...
Journal of Clinical Medicine
This study was intended to evaluate the relationship between secondary alveolar bone grafting (SA... more This study was intended to evaluate the relationship between secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) timing and the alveolar volume in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The material consisted of CTs of 35 patients (17 males, 18 females) with UCLP who underwent a one-stage primary cleft repair at a mean age of 8.4 months and SABG at different timings ranges of 1.8–18.8 years. The mean age at CT was 17.2 years. The relative coefficient (Ꞷ) which was independent from factors such as individual maxillary size, gender or age at the CT was introduced in order to compare volumes of the cleft-side in relation to the non-cleft-side alveolus. Pearson correlation coefficient r between Ꞷ coefficient and SABG timing was weak negative (r = −0.34, p = 0.045). The multiple regression analysis implied that the dependent variable-Ꞷ coefficient was associated with independent variables (cleft repair and SABG timings and age at CT) with r2 = 0.228. Only patient’s age at SABG explain...
PeerJ
Background There is a multitude of protocols of treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP) worldwide... more Background There is a multitude of protocols of treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP) worldwide differing in number of operations, surgical techniques, and timings of surgeries. Despite, facial appearance in subjects with CLP is rarely ideal and residual stigmata are easy to notice in many patients irrespective of the protocol. The prospective controlled investigations are optimal for comparing effectiveness of treatment protocols. Because prospective studies are very challenging to perform in CLP field, it is reasonable to retrospectively assess different surgical protocols to identify the promising ones and then to test them in a prospective way. Methods Our objective was to assess the nasolabial appearance in a preadolescent Slavic population with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) by using the 0–200 numeric scale with reference photographs. Patients treated in Warsaw, Poland (n = 32), Prague, Czech Republic (n = 26) and Bratislava, Slovakia (n = 17) were included in this r...
The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal
Objective: To evaluate the effect of the timing of secondary alveolar bone graft (SABG) on cranio... more Objective: To evaluate the effect of the timing of secondary alveolar bone graft (SABG) on craniofacial morphology in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design: Single-center retrospective assessment of consecutively treated nonsyndromic patients with complete UCLP. Participants: One hundred sixty-seven patients (108 males, 59 females) with complete UCLP in whom the cleft was repaired with 1-stage method at approximately 8 months of age. The age of 128 patients at SABG varied from 1.4 to 11.5 years (SABG group), while 39 patients still awaited SABG at the moment of cephalometric evaluation (no-SABG group). Methods: Craniofacial morphology was assessed on lateral cephalograms taken at 10 years of age (standard deviation = 0.8; range: 7.5-12.3) using linear and angular measurements. T tests and regression models were made to analyze data. Results: Regression models demonstrated that the effect of SABG on the craniofacial morphology was limited—cephalometric...
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 2016
Patients with cleft lip and palate present a specific facial appearance: concave profile, decline... more Patients with cleft lip and palate present a specific facial appearance: concave profile, declined subnasal area, dominant chin as a results of maxillary hypoplasia. The aim of therapy is to achieve a proper occlusal relation with good function and aesthetics. In the severe maxillary hypoplasia the treatment plan frequently comprise surgical and orthodontic management. After prior arrangement of dental arches with fixed appliance, the surgical one stage maxilla protraction is executed. In this paper a case of adult female with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate was presented. During orthognathic correction the maxilla protraction and downwards rotation was planned. Serious bradycardia problems while she was operated made the surgery impossible. She call to orthodontic clinic for confirmation of treatment where of facial mask and intraoral elastics were ordered. Thanks to strict compliance with doctor’s orders she achieved improvement of the occlusal conditions, so the scope of...
Apical root resorption is an iatrogenic complication of orthodontic treatment which is almost ubi... more Apical root resorption is an iatrogenic complication of orthodontic treatment which is almost ubiquitous although still not a fully recognized phenomenon. The aim of paper was the evaluation of the apical root resorption induced by orthodontic treatment on the Polish population. 98 patients treated with fixed appliances in the years 2001–2010 were examined. The average time of the treatment was 17,8 months (from 6,5 to 96,5 months). The lengths of relevant teeth of the same patient on panoramic x-rays taken before and after orthodontic treatment were compared. In aim to calibrate compared x–rays, the special ratio of magnification/reduction – k was calculated for each pair of panoramic x–rays. Then the index of resorption – Re of each measured tooth was calculated in percents. It was revealed that resorption occurs the most often in central and lateral upper incisors and the more laterally the tooth is located the lower its tendency to resorption and that the upper teeth are more se...
Periapical root resorption, although most commonly called accidental, is almost a universal pheno... more Periapical root resorption, although most commonly called accidental, is almost a universal phenomenon that accompanies treatment with fixed appliances. It does not generally cause disturbance of function of the teeth, however, a knowledge of the risk factors involved may sometimes be of significance in clinical practice. This is particularly so if it is in connection with information regarding possible complications and informing the patient before treatment is undertaken. The study discusses articles from journals both from home and abroad, that have appeared during the last 17 years. In total, 33 publications were chosen. On the basis of these, the potential risk factors for apical resorption during orthodontic treatment were identified. However, independent of risk, accurate radiographic diagnosis before commencement of treatment, followed by honest controls throughout its duration are essential.
Developmental period medicine, 2014
The study presents the surgical protocol of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treatment base... more The study presents the surgical protocol of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treatment based on the one-stage method. It is exemplified by the treatment course of a patient suffering from UCLP. The method was worked out and implemented at the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw. Its main advantage is the early establishment of the anatomical structures of the naso-oral cave and the facial part of the skull, before the development of speech. The complete closure of each part of the cleft - the soft and hard palate and the lip before the end of the first year of life, enables the quick implementation of the next stages of treatment, such as alveolar osteoplasty, which facilitates both orthodontic treatment and speech therapy.
Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research, 2012
Objectives-To evaluate facial esthetics in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) a... more Objectives-To evaluate facial esthetics in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) after alveolar bone grafting combined with rhinoplasty between 2 and 4 years of age. Design-Retrospective case-control study.
Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research, 2014
Facial appearance is important for normal psychosocial development in children with cleft lip and... more Facial appearance is important for normal psychosocial development in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP). There is conflicting evidence on how deficient maxillary growth may affect nasolabial esthetics. We retrospectively investigated nasolabial appearance in two groups, the Langenback (35 children; mean age 11.1 years; range: 7.9-13.6) and Vomerplasty (58 children; mean age 10.8 years; range: 7.8-14), who received unilateral CLP surgery by the same surgeon. The hard palate repair technique differed between the two groups. In the Langenback group, palatal bone on the non-cleft side only was left denuded, inducing scar formation and inhibiting maxillary growth. In the Vomerplasty group, a vomerplasty with tight closure of the soft tissues on the palate was applied. Thirteen lay judges rated nasolabial esthetics on photographs using a modified Asher-McDade's index. Nasolabial esthetics in both groups was comparable (p > 0.1 for each nasolabial component). Inferior view was judged as the least esthetic component and demonstrated mean scores 3.18 (SD = 0.63) and 3.13 (SD = 0.47) in the Langenback and Vomerplasty groups, respectively. Mean scores for other components were from 2.52 (SD = 0.63) to 2.81 (SD = 0.62). Regression analysis showed that vomerplasty is related with slight improvement in the nasal profile only (coefficient B = -0.287; p = 0.043; R(2 ) = 0.096). This study demonstrates that the use of vomerplasty instead of the Langenbeck technique is weakly associated with the nasolabial appearance among pre-adolescent patients with UCLP.
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 2013
To evaluate the correlation between symmetry of the craniofacial skeleton and aesthetics of the n... more To evaluate the correlation between symmetry of the craniofacial skeleton and aesthetics of the nose and upper lip in children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). Material and methods: Craniofacial symmetry was evaluated on postero-anterior (PA) cephalograms of 54 children (37 boys and 17 girls; mean age Z 11.0 years, SD 1.6) with CUCLP repaired with a one-stage closure (Cleft group). Treated subjects were age-and gendermatched with 54 untreated subjects taken from the University of Michigan Growth Study (Control group). Fourteen coefficients of asymmetry (CAs) were calculated and four angles were measured. Four raters assessed the nasolabial appearance on cropped facial and profile photographs with the 5-grade aesthetic index of Asher-McDade (grade 1 means the most aesthetic and grade 5 the least aesthetical outcome) in the Cleft group only. Independent t-tests were used to evaluate the inter-group differences for CAs. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to examine a relationship between particular components of the aesthetical index and CAs. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to explain the nasolabial aesthetics on the basis of craniofacial symmetry. Results: In the Cleft group, most cephalometric variables demonstrated asymmetry not exceeding 10%. The Cleft and Control groups differed regarding three angular measurements (Se, Ism, and ANS) and 1 CA (Mo-V). Three of the four nasolabial components demonstrated correlation with some cephalometric variables. However, the correlation coefficients were low (range: e0.309 to 0.305).
Journal of Clinical Medicine
A comprehensive assessment of the treatment outcome in cleft lip and palate involves evaluating s... more A comprehensive assessment of the treatment outcome in cleft lip and palate involves evaluating speech and the impact of speech-correcting surgical interventions. This retrospective case–control study compared the speech outcomes of 37 boys and 19 girls with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) who underwent one-stage cleft repair at an average age of 8.1 months and alveolar bone grafting either before or after 6 years of age, with a non-cleft control group at an average age of 10 years. Two experienced speech and language pathologists conducted perceptual speech assessments using a specialized test of 27 sentences designed for Polish-speaking cleft patients. The results revealed that 5.3% had severe hypernasality, 1.8% had severely impaired speech intelligibility, 10.7% exhibited retracted compensatory articulations, and 7.1% displayed facial grimacing. Mild hyponasality was observed in 12.3% of patients, while 16.1% exhibited voice abnormalities. Additionally, 12.5% of patients ...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
UNLABELLED The aim of the study was the assessment of outcome of alveolar bone grafting in patien... more UNLABELLED The aim of the study was the assessment of outcome of alveolar bone grafting in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate operated on by the one-stage surgical procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study concerned 108 patients (69 boys, 39 girls) with unilateral cleft of lip and palate operated by one stage method in the Surgical Department of Children and Adolescents IMC between 1994 and 2003. The reconstruction of alveolar process in these patients was carried out by autogenic bone graft at the age ranged from 1.5 to 16 years. The surgical procedure was the same regardless of age. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to age during this procedure: I- below 6 years, II - between 6 and 10 years, III - above 10 years. Evaluation of outcome of bone grafting was assessed on the base of Oslo classification and Chelsea scale. The relation between the patient's age at the time of bone grafting and the bone healing result was analyzed by the Spearman's rank...
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal
Background: Common surgical techniques aim to turn the entire vomerine mucosa with vomer flaps ei... more Background: Common surgical techniques aim to turn the entire vomerine mucosa with vomer flaps either to the oral side or to the nasal side. The latter approach is widely performed due to the similarity in color to the nasal mucosa. However, we lack a histologic description of the curved vomerine mucosa in cleft lip and palate malformations. Methods: We histologically examined an excess of curved vomerine mucosa in 8 patients using hematoxylin–eosin, periodic acid–Schiff, Elastin van Gieson, and Alcian blue stains. Tissue samples were obtained during surgery at 8 months of age. Results: Our histological analysis of the mucoperiosteum overlying the curved vomer revealed characteristics consistent with those of an oral mucosa or a squamous metaplasia of the nasal mucosa, as exhibited by a stratified squamous epithelium containing numerous seromucous glands. Some areas showed a palisaded arrangement of the basal cells compatible with metaplasia of respiratory epithelium, but no goblet ...
Journal of Clinical Medicine
This study was intended to evaluate the relationship between secondary alveolar bone grafting (SA... more This study was intended to evaluate the relationship between secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) timing and the alveolar volume in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The material consisted of CTs of 35 patients (17 males, 18 females) with UCLP who underwent a one-stage primary cleft repair at a mean age of 8.4 months and SABG at different timings ranges of 1.8–18.8 years. The mean age at CT was 17.2 years. The relative coefficient (Ꞷ) which was independent from factors such as individual maxillary size, gender or age at the CT was introduced in order to compare volumes of the cleft-side in relation to the non-cleft-side alveolus. Pearson correlation coefficient r between Ꞷ coefficient and SABG timing was weak negative (r = −0.34, p = 0.045). The multiple regression analysis implied that the dependent variable-Ꞷ coefficient was associated with independent variables (cleft repair and SABG timings and age at CT) with r2 = 0.228. Only patient’s age at SABG explain...
PeerJ
Background There is a multitude of protocols of treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP) worldwide... more Background There is a multitude of protocols of treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP) worldwide differing in number of operations, surgical techniques, and timings of surgeries. Despite, facial appearance in subjects with CLP is rarely ideal and residual stigmata are easy to notice in many patients irrespective of the protocol. The prospective controlled investigations are optimal for comparing effectiveness of treatment protocols. Because prospective studies are very challenging to perform in CLP field, it is reasonable to retrospectively assess different surgical protocols to identify the promising ones and then to test them in a prospective way. Methods Our objective was to assess the nasolabial appearance in a preadolescent Slavic population with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) by using the 0–200 numeric scale with reference photographs. Patients treated in Warsaw, Poland (n = 32), Prague, Czech Republic (n = 26) and Bratislava, Slovakia (n = 17) were included in this r...
The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal
Objective: To evaluate the effect of the timing of secondary alveolar bone graft (SABG) on cranio... more Objective: To evaluate the effect of the timing of secondary alveolar bone graft (SABG) on craniofacial morphology in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design: Single-center retrospective assessment of consecutively treated nonsyndromic patients with complete UCLP. Participants: One hundred sixty-seven patients (108 males, 59 females) with complete UCLP in whom the cleft was repaired with 1-stage method at approximately 8 months of age. The age of 128 patients at SABG varied from 1.4 to 11.5 years (SABG group), while 39 patients still awaited SABG at the moment of cephalometric evaluation (no-SABG group). Methods: Craniofacial morphology was assessed on lateral cephalograms taken at 10 years of age (standard deviation = 0.8; range: 7.5-12.3) using linear and angular measurements. T tests and regression models were made to analyze data. Results: Regression models demonstrated that the effect of SABG on the craniofacial morphology was limited—cephalometric...
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017
Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 2016
Patients with cleft lip and palate present a specific facial appearance: concave profile, decline... more Patients with cleft lip and palate present a specific facial appearance: concave profile, declined subnasal area, dominant chin as a results of maxillary hypoplasia. The aim of therapy is to achieve a proper occlusal relation with good function and aesthetics. In the severe maxillary hypoplasia the treatment plan frequently comprise surgical and orthodontic management. After prior arrangement of dental arches with fixed appliance, the surgical one stage maxilla protraction is executed. In this paper a case of adult female with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate was presented. During orthognathic correction the maxilla protraction and downwards rotation was planned. Serious bradycardia problems while she was operated made the surgery impossible. She call to orthodontic clinic for confirmation of treatment where of facial mask and intraoral elastics were ordered. Thanks to strict compliance with doctor’s orders she achieved improvement of the occlusal conditions, so the scope of...
Apical root resorption is an iatrogenic complication of orthodontic treatment which is almost ubi... more Apical root resorption is an iatrogenic complication of orthodontic treatment which is almost ubiquitous although still not a fully recognized phenomenon. The aim of paper was the evaluation of the apical root resorption induced by orthodontic treatment on the Polish population. 98 patients treated with fixed appliances in the years 2001–2010 were examined. The average time of the treatment was 17,8 months (from 6,5 to 96,5 months). The lengths of relevant teeth of the same patient on panoramic x-rays taken before and after orthodontic treatment were compared. In aim to calibrate compared x–rays, the special ratio of magnification/reduction – k was calculated for each pair of panoramic x–rays. Then the index of resorption – Re of each measured tooth was calculated in percents. It was revealed that resorption occurs the most often in central and lateral upper incisors and the more laterally the tooth is located the lower its tendency to resorption and that the upper teeth are more se...
Periapical root resorption, although most commonly called accidental, is almost a universal pheno... more Periapical root resorption, although most commonly called accidental, is almost a universal phenomenon that accompanies treatment with fixed appliances. It does not generally cause disturbance of function of the teeth, however, a knowledge of the risk factors involved may sometimes be of significance in clinical practice. This is particularly so if it is in connection with information regarding possible complications and informing the patient before treatment is undertaken. The study discusses articles from journals both from home and abroad, that have appeared during the last 17 years. In total, 33 publications were chosen. On the basis of these, the potential risk factors for apical resorption during orthodontic treatment were identified. However, independent of risk, accurate radiographic diagnosis before commencement of treatment, followed by honest controls throughout its duration are essential.
Developmental period medicine, 2014
The study presents the surgical protocol of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treatment base... more The study presents the surgical protocol of unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treatment based on the one-stage method. It is exemplified by the treatment course of a patient suffering from UCLP. The method was worked out and implemented at the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw. Its main advantage is the early establishment of the anatomical structures of the naso-oral cave and the facial part of the skull, before the development of speech. The complete closure of each part of the cleft - the soft and hard palate and the lip before the end of the first year of life, enables the quick implementation of the next stages of treatment, such as alveolar osteoplasty, which facilitates both orthodontic treatment and speech therapy.
Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research, 2012
Objectives-To evaluate facial esthetics in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) a... more Objectives-To evaluate facial esthetics in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) after alveolar bone grafting combined with rhinoplasty between 2 and 4 years of age. Design-Retrospective case-control study.
Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research, 2014
Facial appearance is important for normal psychosocial development in children with cleft lip and... more Facial appearance is important for normal psychosocial development in children with cleft lip and palate (CLP). There is conflicting evidence on how deficient maxillary growth may affect nasolabial esthetics. We retrospectively investigated nasolabial appearance in two groups, the Langenback (35 children; mean age 11.1 years; range: 7.9-13.6) and Vomerplasty (58 children; mean age 10.8 years; range: 7.8-14), who received unilateral CLP surgery by the same surgeon. The hard palate repair technique differed between the two groups. In the Langenback group, palatal bone on the non-cleft side only was left denuded, inducing scar formation and inhibiting maxillary growth. In the Vomerplasty group, a vomerplasty with tight closure of the soft tissues on the palate was applied. Thirteen lay judges rated nasolabial esthetics on photographs using a modified Asher-McDade's index. Nasolabial esthetics in both groups was comparable (p > 0.1 for each nasolabial component). Inferior view was judged as the least esthetic component and demonstrated mean scores 3.18 (SD = 0.63) and 3.13 (SD = 0.47) in the Langenback and Vomerplasty groups, respectively. Mean scores for other components were from 2.52 (SD = 0.63) to 2.81 (SD = 0.62). Regression analysis showed that vomerplasty is related with slight improvement in the nasal profile only (coefficient B = -0.287; p = 0.043; R(2 ) = 0.096). This study demonstrates that the use of vomerplasty instead of the Langenbeck technique is weakly associated with the nasolabial appearance among pre-adolescent patients with UCLP.
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, 2013
To evaluate the correlation between symmetry of the craniofacial skeleton and aesthetics of the n... more To evaluate the correlation between symmetry of the craniofacial skeleton and aesthetics of the nose and upper lip in children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). Material and methods: Craniofacial symmetry was evaluated on postero-anterior (PA) cephalograms of 54 children (37 boys and 17 girls; mean age Z 11.0 years, SD 1.6) with CUCLP repaired with a one-stage closure (Cleft group). Treated subjects were age-and gendermatched with 54 untreated subjects taken from the University of Michigan Growth Study (Control group). Fourteen coefficients of asymmetry (CAs) were calculated and four angles were measured. Four raters assessed the nasolabial appearance on cropped facial and profile photographs with the 5-grade aesthetic index of Asher-McDade (grade 1 means the most aesthetic and grade 5 the least aesthetical outcome) in the Cleft group only. Independent t-tests were used to evaluate the inter-group differences for CAs. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to examine a relationship between particular components of the aesthetical index and CAs. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to explain the nasolabial aesthetics on the basis of craniofacial symmetry. Results: In the Cleft group, most cephalometric variables demonstrated asymmetry not exceeding 10%. The Cleft and Control groups differed regarding three angular measurements (Se, Ism, and ANS) and 1 CA (Mo-V). Three of the four nasolabial components demonstrated correlation with some cephalometric variables. However, the correlation coefficients were low (range: e0.309 to 0.305).