Andrzej Górak - Profile on Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Andrzej Górak
AIChE Journal, 2004
A rigorous rate-based modeling approach to reactive distillation equipment is presented in detail... more A rigorous rate-based modeling approach to reactive distillation equipment is presented in detail. This approach has succeeded from the three-year project "Reactive Distillation" initiated by SUSTECH and supported by the EU in the frame of the BRITE-EURAM program. As a result, a steady-state rate-based simulator DESIGNER has been created and tested with industrially important reactive distillations. First, a thorough description of the model development, including process hydrodynamics and kinetics, is given. The general structure of DESIGNER is highlighted. Furthermore, numerical problems, simulation issues, and validation of the developed simulator are discussed, whereas several industrially important applications are demonstrated. The main advantages of DESIGNER are the direct account of mass and heat transport (rate-based approach), multicomponent mass-transport description via the Maxwell-Stefan equations, consideration of a large spectrum of reactions (homogeneous and heterogeneous; slow, moderate, and fast; equilibrium and kinetically controlled), reaction account in both bulk and film phases, availability of different hydrodynamic models, and a large choice of hydrodynamic and mass-transfer correlations for various types of column internals (trays, random and structured packings, catalytic packings). Particular attention is devoted to the mass-transfer model, including the reaction in the film region, to the catalyst efficiency determination based on the mass transfer inside the catalyst and to the hydrodynamic models for reactive trays.
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2006
Conceptual Design of Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Processes - Packed Columns and Membrane Technologies
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2015
ABSTRACT CO2 removal from flue gas emitted by coal fired power plants is an important objective f... more ABSTRACT CO2 removal from flue gas emitted by coal fired power plants is an important objective for process sustainability. However, solvent regeneration in state-of-the-art absorption processes results in power plant efficiency losses of 7 to 15 % (Neveux et al., 2013). Process intensification, combining different and innovative technologies for gas separation, can result in highly efficient processes capable of reducing the energy penalty caused by CO2 capture. Current approaches for conceptual process design (CPD) however rarely consider emerging technologies like membrane contactors or hybrid process configurations. We present a multi-stage approach to overcome this drawback, which bases on process decomposition in different levels, combined with an efficient screening of promising materials and process design variants by means of shortcut methods. The approach follows the idea of an iterative refinement, in which the modeling accuracy increases while the number of process variants decreases.
Matematyczny model odwadniania układu izopropanol-woda metodą perwaporacji
The Chemical Engineering Journal and the Biochemical Engineering Journal, 1995
Design of Reactive Distillation
Reactive distillation (RD) is a process that combines reaction and distillation into one step. Th... more Reactive distillation (RD) is a process that combines reaction and distillation into one step. Though the advantages of RD are well documented it's commercial applications are still few. Reasons to this are the complexity of the process, lack of knowledge to design these systems, need for improved software tools to evaluate and design RD, and limited number of suitable catalyst and equipment to place catalyst inside the column. To overcome these obstacles a three-year project "Reactive distillation" initiated by SUSTECH and supported by EU in the frame of the BriteEuram III program was formed. The consortium consists of the companies Neste Oyj (Finland, Co-ordinator), BP Chemicals (Great Britain), Hoechst (Germany), BASF (Germany), Snamprogetti (Italy), and universities of Clausthal (Germany), Dortmund (Germany), Aston (Great Britain), Bath (Great Britain) and Helsinki University of Technology (Finland). This paper presents an overview of the progress of the project an...
Special issue: InPROMPT – Integrated chemical processes with liquid multiphase systems
Chemical Engineering Science, 2014
Experimental and theoretical studies of the TAME synthesis by reactive distillation
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2003
The heterogeneously catalysed synthesis of TAME (tert-amyl-methyl ether) via reactive distillatio... more The heterogeneously catalysed synthesis of TAME (tert-amyl-methyl ether) via reactive distillation is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The structured catalytic packing Montz MULTIPAK®-2 is used in the catalytic section of a 200 mm diameter pilot scale column with a total packing height of 4 meters. Simulations with a developed rate-based model covering 11 components and 4 chemical reactions are in good agreement with experimental data. The simulations studies show the influence of the reflux ratio on conversion and selectivity.
Intensified reaction and separation systems
Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering, 2011
Process intensification follows four main goals: to maximize the effectiveness of intra- and inte... more Process intensification follows four main goals: to maximize the effectiveness of intra- and intermolecular events, to give each molecule the same processing experience, to optimize the driving forces/maximize specific interfacial areas, and to maximize the synergistic effects of partial processes. This paper shows how these goals can be reached in reaction and separation systems at all relevant time and length scales and is focused on the structuring of reactors and separation units, on the use of different energy forms to improve the reaction and separation, on combining and superimposing of different phenomena in one integrated unit or reactor, and on the application of oscillations for intensification of reaction and separation processes.
Comment on “Conceptual design of single-feed hybrid reactive distillation columns”, by R.M. Dragomir and M. Jobson, Chemical Engineering Science 60 (2005) 4377–4395
ABSTRACT
REMOVED: Systematic Identification of Permeance Models for Pervaporation or Vapor Permeation Membranes
Procedia Engineering, 2012
WEB PAGES SUMMARISING THE RESULTS OF THE PROJECT
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2007
Design of chemical processes is usually based on rigorous modeling of unit operations. Unfortunat... more Design of chemical processes is usually based on rigorous modeling of unit operations. Unfortunately, the use of physically grounded models in biotechnological applications is rare since their design is mainly based on heuristics and experiments. In this work a computer aided design method is presented for modeling of aqueous two-phase extraction of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). A conventional counter current extractor is compared with a fractional extractor in terms of purity and concentration of MAbs in the extract. The purity of MAbs increased from 85% in the conventional to almost 100% in the fractional extractor.
Journal of Polymer Engineering, 2000
Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers, but due to its high crystallinity, it is complete... more Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers, but due to its high crystallinity, it is completely insoluble in most organic and inorganic solvents. Chitin is soluble only in solvents that can destroy intersheet and intrasheet H-bonds, and many of these solvents are toxic, corrosive, nondegradable, or mutagenic. Because of these drawbacks, there is a search for more environmentally friendly solvents for chitin. It has been shown that ionic liquids (ILs) can dissolve chitin at elevated temperatures (80 -110 ° C) or with application of microwave irradiation. The highest solubility of chitin in an IL was about 20 % (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate), whereas chitin was shown to be insoluble in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium formate. Dissolved chitin can be regenerated by mixing with water or methanol, where the polymer precipitates from the solution. X-ray diffraction patterns of native polymer and precipitates have been compared and only small changes in crystallinity have been observed. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectra remained similar for both forms of chitin, native and regenerated. Presented data hold great promise for the improvement of the chemistry of chitin and open new routes for chemical and enzymatic modifi cations of this polymer.
Computer aided design, analysis and experimental investigation of membrane assisted batch reaction–separation systems
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2009
Membrane assisted batch reaction operation offers an interesting option for equilibrium limited r... more Membrane assisted batch reaction operation offers an interesting option for equilibrium limited reaction systems in chemical and biochemical manufacturing by selective removal of one of the products and thereby increasing the product yield. The design of such hybrid systems need to take into account the performance of each constituent element and the optimisation of the design must take into consideration
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 1998
Reactive distillation offers a number of potential advantages, so that many traditional operation... more Reactive distillation offers a number of potential advantages, so that many traditional operations are currently being investigated in order to discover further applications of this technology. Increasingly, it is perfonued in columns with catalytic packings that combine the advantages of normal structured packings and heterogeneous catalysts. Analysis of reactive distillation is difficult due to strong physico-chemical interactions, and it is even more complicated for catalytic distillation (reactive distillation in catalytic packings), where the knowledge of column hydraulics, as e.g. hold-ups, pressure drop, and liquid distribution, is more important than in the case of traditional unit operations. In this paper, a detailed rate-based approach for modeling and simulation of catalytic distillation is presented, including all major aspects of the description of column hydraulics, mass and energy transfer, chemical reactions and thermodynamic non-idealities. The model equations have been implemented into the ABACUSS large scale modeling environment. Even in the frame of such sophisticated modeling, a variety of experimental parameters have to be determined. It is shown how these parameters appear in the model equations and how experiments and computer simulation interact. For a completely new class of catalytic packings all experimental parameters have been derived in accordance with the model assumptions in the form of correlations. All models have been formulated for dynamic operation and numerical implications of the dynamic modeling are addressed. For the semi-continuous catalytic distillation of the quatemary reactive mixture of acetic acid, methanol, methyl acetate, and water, simulated and experimental results are presented and compared. Based on the integration of detailed modeling, experimental parameter determination and a modem simulation platform it is possible to predict the dynamic, non-linear and non-ideal process behavior successfully. 0
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 1992
ABSTRACf A nonequilibrium stage model has been developed for the simulation of a countercurrent m... more ABSTRACf A nonequilibrium stage model has been developed for the simulation of a countercurrent multicomponent extraction process. A drop population model, applied to the description of the hydrodynamics of a liquid-liquid extraction column, allows to split the drop spectrum into different drop classes. Mass balances relative to the continuous phase and to every drop class of the dispersed phase lead with the transfer rate equations to the prediction of the concentration profiles along the column. The use of empirical correction factors like efficiencies or HETPs is completely avoided. Integrated in the mass balances are the so called production terms which take into account the effects of the fundamental mechanisms : drop breakage, transport and interdrop coalescence.
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2012
The catalytic esterification of n-propyl propionate using propionic acid and n-propyl alcohol as ... more The catalytic esterification of n-propyl propionate using propionic acid and n-propyl alcohol as reactants via a conventional pilot plant reactive distillation column was carried-out. The strongly acidic ion-exchange resin Amberlyst46 TM was used as the solid acid catalyst. The influence of the reflux ratio (from 2.0 to 2.5), the molar feed ratio (from 2.0 to 2.5), and total feed (from 3.0 to 4.0 kg/h) on the purity and conversion of the species and on the composition and temperature profiles along the column was analyzed. A 2 3 experimental design with six actual and two simulated experiments was carried-out. With the experimental conditions obtained from the simulation results, the experiments showed that a reflux ratio of 2.0, a molar feed ratio of 2.0 and a total feed of 4 kg/h, yielded the largest propyl propionate production (1.60 kg/h). The simulated experiments were carried out using a non-equilibrium model implemented into the simulation environment Aspen Custom Modeler TM .
Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2005
zweiphasiger Reaktionsführung in ionischen Flüssigkeiten immobilisiert werden. Vorgestellt wird e... more zweiphasiger Reaktionsführung in ionischen Flüssigkeiten immobilisiert werden. Vorgestellt wird ein Verfahren zur Hydrosilylierung von CC-Mehrfachbindungen enthaltenden Verbindungen unter Verwendung ionischer Flüssigkeiten. Hierbei sind insbesondere die deutlich einfachere Produktaufarbeitung und die Rezyklierung des Katalysators als Vorteil gegenüber homogenen Verfahren zu nennen. Darüber hinaus wird der Beitrag einen Überblick geben über den Status Quo weiterer Aktivitäten in der Degussa zum Thema ¹Ionische Flüssigkeitenª.
Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2005
zweiphasiger Reaktionsführung in ionischen Flüssigkeiten immobilisiert werden. Vorgestellt wird e... more zweiphasiger Reaktionsführung in ionischen Flüssigkeiten immobilisiert werden. Vorgestellt wird ein Verfahren zur Hydrosilylierung von CC-Mehrfachbindungen enthaltenden Verbindungen unter Verwendung ionischer Flüssigkeiten. Hierbei sind insbesondere die deutlich einfachere Produktaufarbeitung und die Rezyklierung des Katalysators als Vorteil gegenüber homogenen Verfahren zu nennen. Darüber hinaus wird der Beitrag einen Überblick geben über den Status Quo weiterer Aktivitäten in der Degussa zum Thema ¹Ionische Flüssigkeitenª.
AIChE Journal, 2004
A rigorous rate-based modeling approach to reactive distillation equipment is presented in detail... more A rigorous rate-based modeling approach to reactive distillation equipment is presented in detail. This approach has succeeded from the three-year project "Reactive Distillation" initiated by SUSTECH and supported by the EU in the frame of the BRITE-EURAM program. As a result, a steady-state rate-based simulator DESIGNER has been created and tested with industrially important reactive distillations. First, a thorough description of the model development, including process hydrodynamics and kinetics, is given. The general structure of DESIGNER is highlighted. Furthermore, numerical problems, simulation issues, and validation of the developed simulator are discussed, whereas several industrially important applications are demonstrated. The main advantages of DESIGNER are the direct account of mass and heat transport (rate-based approach), multicomponent mass-transport description via the Maxwell-Stefan equations, consideration of a large spectrum of reactions (homogeneous and heterogeneous; slow, moderate, and fast; equilibrium and kinetically controlled), reaction account in both bulk and film phases, availability of different hydrodynamic models, and a large choice of hydrodynamic and mass-transfer correlations for various types of column internals (trays, random and structured packings, catalytic packings). Particular attention is devoted to the mass-transfer model, including the reaction in the film region, to the catalyst efficiency determination based on the mass transfer inside the catalyst and to the hydrodynamic models for reactive trays.
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2006
Conceptual Design of Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Processes - Packed Columns and Membrane Technologies
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2015
ABSTRACT CO2 removal from flue gas emitted by coal fired power plants is an important objective f... more ABSTRACT CO2 removal from flue gas emitted by coal fired power plants is an important objective for process sustainability. However, solvent regeneration in state-of-the-art absorption processes results in power plant efficiency losses of 7 to 15 % (Neveux et al., 2013). Process intensification, combining different and innovative technologies for gas separation, can result in highly efficient processes capable of reducing the energy penalty caused by CO2 capture. Current approaches for conceptual process design (CPD) however rarely consider emerging technologies like membrane contactors or hybrid process configurations. We present a multi-stage approach to overcome this drawback, which bases on process decomposition in different levels, combined with an efficient screening of promising materials and process design variants by means of shortcut methods. The approach follows the idea of an iterative refinement, in which the modeling accuracy increases while the number of process variants decreases.
Matematyczny model odwadniania układu izopropanol-woda metodą perwaporacji
The Chemical Engineering Journal and the Biochemical Engineering Journal, 1995
Design of Reactive Distillation
Reactive distillation (RD) is a process that combines reaction and distillation into one step. Th... more Reactive distillation (RD) is a process that combines reaction and distillation into one step. Though the advantages of RD are well documented it's commercial applications are still few. Reasons to this are the complexity of the process, lack of knowledge to design these systems, need for improved software tools to evaluate and design RD, and limited number of suitable catalyst and equipment to place catalyst inside the column. To overcome these obstacles a three-year project "Reactive distillation" initiated by SUSTECH and supported by EU in the frame of the BriteEuram III program was formed. The consortium consists of the companies Neste Oyj (Finland, Co-ordinator), BP Chemicals (Great Britain), Hoechst (Germany), BASF (Germany), Snamprogetti (Italy), and universities of Clausthal (Germany), Dortmund (Germany), Aston (Great Britain), Bath (Great Britain) and Helsinki University of Technology (Finland). This paper presents an overview of the progress of the project an...
Special issue: InPROMPT – Integrated chemical processes with liquid multiphase systems
Chemical Engineering Science, 2014
Experimental and theoretical studies of the TAME synthesis by reactive distillation
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2003
The heterogeneously catalysed synthesis of TAME (tert-amyl-methyl ether) via reactive distillatio... more The heterogeneously catalysed synthesis of TAME (tert-amyl-methyl ether) via reactive distillation is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The structured catalytic packing Montz MULTIPAK®-2 is used in the catalytic section of a 200 mm diameter pilot scale column with a total packing height of 4 meters. Simulations with a developed rate-based model covering 11 components and 4 chemical reactions are in good agreement with experimental data. The simulations studies show the influence of the reflux ratio on conversion and selectivity.
Intensified reaction and separation systems
Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering, 2011
Process intensification follows four main goals: to maximize the effectiveness of intra- and inte... more Process intensification follows four main goals: to maximize the effectiveness of intra- and intermolecular events, to give each molecule the same processing experience, to optimize the driving forces/maximize specific interfacial areas, and to maximize the synergistic effects of partial processes. This paper shows how these goals can be reached in reaction and separation systems at all relevant time and length scales and is focused on the structuring of reactors and separation units, on the use of different energy forms to improve the reaction and separation, on combining and superimposing of different phenomena in one integrated unit or reactor, and on the application of oscillations for intensification of reaction and separation processes.
Comment on “Conceptual design of single-feed hybrid reactive distillation columns”, by R.M. Dragomir and M. Jobson, Chemical Engineering Science 60 (2005) 4377–4395
ABSTRACT
REMOVED: Systematic Identification of Permeance Models for Pervaporation or Vapor Permeation Membranes
Procedia Engineering, 2012
WEB PAGES SUMMARISING THE RESULTS OF THE PROJECT
Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2007
Design of chemical processes is usually based on rigorous modeling of unit operations. Unfortunat... more Design of chemical processes is usually based on rigorous modeling of unit operations. Unfortunately, the use of physically grounded models in biotechnological applications is rare since their design is mainly based on heuristics and experiments. In this work a computer aided design method is presented for modeling of aqueous two-phase extraction of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). A conventional counter current extractor is compared with a fractional extractor in terms of purity and concentration of MAbs in the extract. The purity of MAbs increased from 85% in the conventional to almost 100% in the fractional extractor.
Journal of Polymer Engineering, 2000
Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers, but due to its high crystallinity, it is complete... more Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers, but due to its high crystallinity, it is completely insoluble in most organic and inorganic solvents. Chitin is soluble only in solvents that can destroy intersheet and intrasheet H-bonds, and many of these solvents are toxic, corrosive, nondegradable, or mutagenic. Because of these drawbacks, there is a search for more environmentally friendly solvents for chitin. It has been shown that ionic liquids (ILs) can dissolve chitin at elevated temperatures (80 -110 ° C) or with application of microwave irradiation. The highest solubility of chitin in an IL was about 20 % (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate), whereas chitin was shown to be insoluble in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium formate. Dissolved chitin can be regenerated by mixing with water or methanol, where the polymer precipitates from the solution. X-ray diffraction patterns of native polymer and precipitates have been compared and only small changes in crystallinity have been observed. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectra remained similar for both forms of chitin, native and regenerated. Presented data hold great promise for the improvement of the chemistry of chitin and open new routes for chemical and enzymatic modifi cations of this polymer.
Computer aided design, analysis and experimental investigation of membrane assisted batch reaction–separation systems
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2009
Membrane assisted batch reaction operation offers an interesting option for equilibrium limited r... more Membrane assisted batch reaction operation offers an interesting option for equilibrium limited reaction systems in chemical and biochemical manufacturing by selective removal of one of the products and thereby increasing the product yield. The design of such hybrid systems need to take into account the performance of each constituent element and the optimisation of the design must take into consideration
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 1998
Reactive distillation offers a number of potential advantages, so that many traditional operation... more Reactive distillation offers a number of potential advantages, so that many traditional operations are currently being investigated in order to discover further applications of this technology. Increasingly, it is perfonued in columns with catalytic packings that combine the advantages of normal structured packings and heterogeneous catalysts. Analysis of reactive distillation is difficult due to strong physico-chemical interactions, and it is even more complicated for catalytic distillation (reactive distillation in catalytic packings), where the knowledge of column hydraulics, as e.g. hold-ups, pressure drop, and liquid distribution, is more important than in the case of traditional unit operations. In this paper, a detailed rate-based approach for modeling and simulation of catalytic distillation is presented, including all major aspects of the description of column hydraulics, mass and energy transfer, chemical reactions and thermodynamic non-idealities. The model equations have been implemented into the ABACUSS large scale modeling environment. Even in the frame of such sophisticated modeling, a variety of experimental parameters have to be determined. It is shown how these parameters appear in the model equations and how experiments and computer simulation interact. For a completely new class of catalytic packings all experimental parameters have been derived in accordance with the model assumptions in the form of correlations. All models have been formulated for dynamic operation and numerical implications of the dynamic modeling are addressed. For the semi-continuous catalytic distillation of the quatemary reactive mixture of acetic acid, methanol, methyl acetate, and water, simulated and experimental results are presented and compared. Based on the integration of detailed modeling, experimental parameter determination and a modem simulation platform it is possible to predict the dynamic, non-linear and non-ideal process behavior successfully. 0
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 1992
ABSTRACf A nonequilibrium stage model has been developed for the simulation of a countercurrent m... more ABSTRACf A nonequilibrium stage model has been developed for the simulation of a countercurrent multicomponent extraction process. A drop population model, applied to the description of the hydrodynamics of a liquid-liquid extraction column, allows to split the drop spectrum into different drop classes. Mass balances relative to the continuous phase and to every drop class of the dispersed phase lead with the transfer rate equations to the prediction of the concentration profiles along the column. The use of empirical correction factors like efficiencies or HETPs is completely avoided. Integrated in the mass balances are the so called production terms which take into account the effects of the fundamental mechanisms : drop breakage, transport and interdrop coalescence.
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2012
The catalytic esterification of n-propyl propionate using propionic acid and n-propyl alcohol as ... more The catalytic esterification of n-propyl propionate using propionic acid and n-propyl alcohol as reactants via a conventional pilot plant reactive distillation column was carried-out. The strongly acidic ion-exchange resin Amberlyst46 TM was used as the solid acid catalyst. The influence of the reflux ratio (from 2.0 to 2.5), the molar feed ratio (from 2.0 to 2.5), and total feed (from 3.0 to 4.0 kg/h) on the purity and conversion of the species and on the composition and temperature profiles along the column was analyzed. A 2 3 experimental design with six actual and two simulated experiments was carried-out. With the experimental conditions obtained from the simulation results, the experiments showed that a reflux ratio of 2.0, a molar feed ratio of 2.0 and a total feed of 4 kg/h, yielded the largest propyl propionate production (1.60 kg/h). The simulated experiments were carried out using a non-equilibrium model implemented into the simulation environment Aspen Custom Modeler TM .
Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2005
zweiphasiger Reaktionsführung in ionischen Flüssigkeiten immobilisiert werden. Vorgestellt wird e... more zweiphasiger Reaktionsführung in ionischen Flüssigkeiten immobilisiert werden. Vorgestellt wird ein Verfahren zur Hydrosilylierung von CC-Mehrfachbindungen enthaltenden Verbindungen unter Verwendung ionischer Flüssigkeiten. Hierbei sind insbesondere die deutlich einfachere Produktaufarbeitung und die Rezyklierung des Katalysators als Vorteil gegenüber homogenen Verfahren zu nennen. Darüber hinaus wird der Beitrag einen Überblick geben über den Status Quo weiterer Aktivitäten in der Degussa zum Thema ¹Ionische Flüssigkeitenª.
Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2005
zweiphasiger Reaktionsführung in ionischen Flüssigkeiten immobilisiert werden. Vorgestellt wird e... more zweiphasiger Reaktionsführung in ionischen Flüssigkeiten immobilisiert werden. Vorgestellt wird ein Verfahren zur Hydrosilylierung von CC-Mehrfachbindungen enthaltenden Verbindungen unter Verwendung ionischer Flüssigkeiten. Hierbei sind insbesondere die deutlich einfachere Produktaufarbeitung und die Rezyklierung des Katalysators als Vorteil gegenüber homogenen Verfahren zu nennen. Darüber hinaus wird der Beitrag einen Überblick geben über den Status Quo weiterer Aktivitäten in der Degussa zum Thema ¹Ionische Flüssigkeitenª.