Angela AuBuchon - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Angela AuBuchon

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report how verbal rehearsal speed (VRS), a form of cove... more Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report how verbal rehearsal speed (VRS), a form of covert speech used to maintain verbal information in working memory, and another verbal processing speed measure, perceptual encoding speed, are related to 3 domains of executive function (EF) at risk in cochlear implant (CI) users: verbal working memory, fluency-speed, and inhibition-concentration. Method: EF, speech perception, and language outcome measures were obtained from 55 prelingually deaf, long-term CI users and matched controls with normal hearing (NH controls). Correlational analyses were used to assess relations between VRS (articulation rate), perceptual encoding speed (digit and color naming), and the outcomes in each sample. Results: CI users displayed slower verbal processing speeds than NH controls. Verbal rehearsal speed was related to 2 EF domains in the NH sample but was unrelated to EF outcomes in CI users. Perceptual encoding speed was related to all EF domains in both groups. Conclusions: Verbal rehearsal speed may be less influential for EF quality in CI users than for NH controls, whereas rapid automatized labeling skills and EF are closely related in both groups. CI users may develop processing strategies in EF tasks that differ from the covert speech strategies routinely employed by NH individuals.

Ear and Hearing, 2015

To determine whether early-implanted, long-term cochlear implant (CI) users display delays in ver... more To determine whether early-implanted, long-term cochlear implant (CI) users display delays in verbal short-term and working memory capacity when processes related to audibility and speech production are eliminated. Twenty-three long-term CI users and 23 normal-hearing controls each completed forward and backward digit span tasks under testing conditions that differed in presentation modality (auditory or visual) and response output (spoken recall or manual pointing). Normal-hearing controls reproduced more lists of digits than the CI users, even when the test items were presented visually and the responses were made manually via touchscreen response. Short-term and working memory delays observed in CI users are not due to greater demands from peripheral sensory processes such as audibility or from overt speech-motor planning and response output organization. Instead, CI users are less efficient at encoding and maintaining phonological representations in verbal short-term memory using phonological and linguistic strategies during memory tasks.

… Working Memory: A …, 2011

... Vogel, EK, McCollough, AW, &amp;amp;amp; Machizawa, MG (2005). Neural measures reveal... more ... Vogel, EK, McCollough, AW, &amp;amp;amp; Machizawa, MG (2005). Neural measures reveal individual differences in controlling access to working memory. Nature, 438, 500503. Zelazo, PD (2004). The development of conscious control in childhood. ...

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2015

The purpose of this study was to report how verbal rehearsal speed (VRS), a form of covert speech... more The purpose of this study was to report how verbal rehearsal speed (VRS), a form of covert speech used to maintain verbal information in working memory, and another verbal processing speed measure, perceptual encoding speed, are related to 3 domains of executive function (EF) at risk in cochlear implant (CI) users: verbal working memory, fluency-speed, and inhibition-concentration. EF, speech perception, and language outcome measures were obtained from 55 prelingually deaf, long-term CI users and matched controls with normal hearing (NH controls). Correlational analyses were used to assess relations between VRS (articulation rate), perceptual encoding speed (digit and color naming), and the outcomes in each sample. CI users displayed slower verbal processing speeds than NH controls. Verbal rehearsal speed was related to 2 EF domains in the NH sample but was unrelated to EF outcomes in CI users. Perceptual encoding speed was related to all EF domains in both groups. Verbal rehearsal speed may be less influential for EF quality in CI users than for NH controls, whereas rapid automatized labeling skills and EF are closely related in both groups. CI users may develop processing strategies in EF tasks that differ from the covert speech strategies routinely employed by NH individuals.

Psychonomic bulletin & review, 2008

The issue remains unresolved. It is unlikely that one study can resolve the issue, but the presen... more The issue remains unresolved. It is unlikely that one study can resolve the issue, but the present work assesses memory loss over short time periods, despite a recent study strongly arguing against it . presented six letters from the same fixed set in a different random order on each trial and required fast, medium, or slow serial recall. This was achieved in one experiment by training the speed of keyboard-based recall to be 0.4, 0.8, or 1.6 sec per item, with or without repetition of the word super during recall as articulatory suppression to prevent covert verbal rehearsal. It was achieved in a second experiment by requiring that the word super be repeated once, twice, or thrice between successive items as the list was verbally recalled. No significant difference between recall rates was observed. It was concluded that temporal delays cannot influence serial recall.

Developmental psychology, 2010

The nature of the childhood development of immediate recall has been difficult to determine. Ther... more The nature of the childhood development of immediate recall has been difficult to determine. There could be a developmental increase in either the number of chunks held in working memory, or the use of grouping to make the most of a constant capacity. In three experiments with children in the early elementary school years and adults, we show that improvements in the immediate recall of word and picture lists come partly from increases in the number of chunks of items retained in memory. This finding was based on a distinction between access to a studied group of items, i.e., recall of at least one item from the group, and completion of the accessed group, i.e., the proportion of the items recalled from the group. Access rates increased with age, even with statistical controls for completion rates, implicating development of capacity in chunks.

Developmental science, 2011

Why does visual working memory performance increase with age in childhood? One recent study ruled... more Why does visual working memory performance increase with age in childhood? One recent study ruled out the possibility that the basic cause is a tendency in young children to clutter working memory with less-relevant items (within a concurrent array, colored items presented in one of two shapes). The age differences in memory performance, however, theoretically could result from inadequate encoding of the briefly-presented array items by younger children. We replicated the key part of the procedure in children 6-8 and 11-13 years old and college students (total N=90), but with a much slower, sequential presentation of the items to ensure adequate encoding. We also required verbal responses during encoding to encourage or discourage labeling of item information. Although verbal labeling affected performance, age differences persisted across labeling conditions, further supporting the existence of a basic growth in capacity.

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 2014

Purpose: This study investigated long-term speech intelligibility outcomes in 63 prelingually dea... more Purpose: This study investigated long-term speech intelligibility outcomes in 63 prelingually deaf children, adolescents, and young adults who received cochlear implants (CIs) before age 7 (M = 2;11 [years;months], range = 0;8-6;3) and used their implants for at least 7 years (M = 12;1, range = 7;0-22;5). Method: Speech intelligibility was assessed using playback methods with naïve, normal-hearing listeners. Results: Mean intelligibility scores were lower than scores obtained from an age-and nonverbal IQ-matched, normal-hearing control sample, although the majority of CI users scored within the range of the control sample. Our sample allowed us to investigate the contribution of several demographic and cognitive factors to speech intelligibility. CI users who used their implant for longer periods of time exhibited poorer speech intelligibility scores. Crucially, results from a hierarchical regression model suggested that this difference was due to more conservative candidacy criteria in CI users with more years of use. No other demographic variables accounted for significant variance in speech intelligibility scores beyond age of implantation and amount of spoken language experience (assessed by communication mode and family income measures). Conclusion: Many factors that have been found to contribute to individual differences in language outcomes in normal-hearing children also contribute to long-term CI users' ability to produce intelligible speech. Downloaded From: http://jslhr.pubs.asha.org/ by a Indiana University, Bloomington User on 12/09/2014 Terms of Use: http://pubs.asha.org/ss/Rights_and_Permissions.aspx

PsycEXTRA Dataset, 2000

... Vogel, McCollough, & Machizawa, 2005), reading comprehension (Gernsbacher, Varner, ... co... more ... Vogel, McCollough, & Machizawa, 2005), reading comprehension (Gernsbacher, Varner, ... control attention (Conway et al., 2001), may be able to allocate attentional resources based on task demands. ... The nature of the two tasks, a semantic judgment that is performed during ...

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 2010

The working memory system maintains the limited information that can be kept in mind at one time.... more The working memory system maintains the limited information that can be kept in mind at one time. These memories are distinct from the vast amount of information stored in long-term memory. Here we give a brief summary of findings over the past half-century in the areas of working memory that we see as particularly important for understanding its nature. We discuss several current controversies, including whether there are different systems or brain modules for different kinds of working memory, why we lose items from working memory, and how individuals and age groups differ. We try to describe what is and is not known. Last, a discussion of findings from neuroimaging helps to constrain working memory theory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons, Ltd. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

Developmental Science, 2010

Previous studies have indicated that visual working memory performance increases with age in chil... more Previous studies have indicated that visual working memory performance increases with age in childhood, but it is not clear why. One main hypothesis has been that younger children are less efficient in their attention; specifically, they are less able to exclude irrelevant items from working memory to make room for relevant items. We examined this hypothesis by measuring visual working memory capacity under a continuum of five attention conditions. A recognition advantage was found for items to be attended as opposed to ignored. The size of this attention-related effect was adult-like in young children with small arrays, suggesting that their attention processes are efficient even though their working memory capacity is smaller than that of older children and adults. With a larger working memory load, this efficiency in young children was compromised. The efficiency of attention cannot be the sole explanation for the capacity difference.

Developmental Science, 2000

Previous studies indicate that visual working memory performance increases with age in childhood ... more Previous studies indicate that visual working memory performance increases with age in childhood but it is not clear why. One main hypothesis has been that younger children are less efficient in their attention, specifically less able to exclude irrelevant items from working memory to make room for relevant items. We examined this hypothesis by measuring visual working memory capacity under a continuum of 5 attention conditions. A recognition advantage was found for items to be attended as opposed to ignored. The size of this attention-related effect was adult-like in young children with small arrays, suggesting that their attention processes are efficient even though their working memory capacity is smaller than that of older children and adults. With a larger working memory load, this efficiency in young children is compromised. The efficiency of attention cannot be the sole explanation for the capacity difference.

Developmental science, Jun 18, 2011

Why does visual working memory performance increase with age in childhood? One recent study (Cowa... more Why does visual working memory performance increase with age in childhood? One recent study (Cowan et al., 2010) ruled out the possibility that the basic cause is a tendency in young children to clutter working memory with less-relevant items (within a concurrent array, colored items presented in one of two shapes). The age differences in memory performance, however, theoretically could result from inadequate encoding of the briefly-presented array items by younger children. We replicated the key part of the procedure in children 6-8 and 11-13 years old and college students (total N=90), but with a much slower, sequential presentation of the items to ensure adequate encoding. We also required verbal responses during encoding to encourage or discourage labeling of item information. Although verbal labeling affected performance, age differences persisted across labeling conditions, further supporting the existence of a basic growth in capacity.