Angelo Tremblay - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Angelo Tremblay

Sleep, 2011

To investigate whether the relationship between short sleep duration and subsequent body weight g... more To investigate whether the relationship between short sleep duration and subsequent body weight gain is influenced by disinhibited eating behavior. Design: Six-year longitudinal study. Setting: Community setting. Participants: Two hundred seventy-six adults aged 21 to 64 years from the Quebec Family Study. Measurements and Results: Body composition measurements, self-reported sleep duration, and disinhibition eating behavior trait (Three-Factor eating Questionnaire) were determined at both baseline and after 6 years. For each sleep-duration group (short-[ ≤ 6 h] average, [7-8 h], and long-[ ≥ 9 h] duration sleepers), differences in weight gain and waist circumference were tested by comparing the lowest (score ≤ 3) versus the highest (score ≥ 6) disinhibition eating behavior tertiles using analysis of covariance, with adjustment for potential confounding factors. individuals having both short sleep duration and high disinhibition eating behavior were more likely to gain weight and increase their abdominal circumference over time (p < 0.05); however, short-duration sleepers having a low disinhibition eating behavior trait were not more likely to increase their adiposity indicators than were average-duration sleepers. over the 6-year follow-up period, the incidence of overweight/obesity for short-duration sleepers with a high disinhibition eating behavior trait was 2.5 times more frequent than for short-duration sleepers with a low disinhibition eating behavior trait. energy intake was significantly higher in short-duration sleepers with a high disinhibition eating behavior trait (p < 0.05 versus all other groups). Conclusions: We observed that having a high disinhibition eating behavior trait significantly increased the risk of overeating and gaining weight in adults characterized by short sleep duration. This observation is novel and might explain the interindividual differences in weight gain associated with short sleep duration.

PLoS ONE, 2013

Background: Sedentary behaviour has recently emerged as a unique risk factor for chronic disease ... more Background: Sedentary behaviour has recently emerged as a unique risk factor for chronic disease morbidity and mortality. One factor that may explain this relationship is visceral adiposity, which is prospectively associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and mortality. The objective of the present study was to determine whether sedentary behaviour was associated with increased accumulation of visceral fat or other deleterious changes in cardiometabolic risk over a 6-year follow-up period among adult participants in the Quebec Family Study. Methods: The current study included 123 men and 153 women between the ages of 18 and 65. Total sedentary time and physical activity were assessed by self-report questionnaire. Cross-sectional areas of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were assessed using computed tomography. Cardiometabolic biomarkers including fasting insulin, glucose, blood lipids, HOMA-Insulin Resistance, and oral glucose tolerance were also measured. All variables of interest were collected at both baseline and follow-up. Results: After adjustment for age, sex, baseline BMI, physical activity, energy intake, smoking, education, income and menopausal status, baseline sedentary behaviour was not associated with changes in visceral adiposity or any other marker of cardiometabolic risk. In the longitudinal model which adjusted for all studied covariates, every 15-minute increase in sedentary behaviour from baseline to follow-up was associated with a 0.13 cm increase in waist circumference (95% CI = 0.02, 0.25). However, there was no association between changes in sedentary behaviour and changes in visceral adiposity or other markers of cardiometabolic risk. Conclusion: These results suggest that neither baseline sedentary behaviour nor changes in sedentary behaviour are associated with longitudinal changes in visceral adiposity in adult men and women. With the exception of waist circumference, the present study did not find evidence of a relationship between sedentary behaviour and any marker of cardiometabolic risk in this population.

Pediatric Obesity, 2020

SummaryBackgroundPubertal insulin resistance (IR) is associated with increased risk of type 2 dia... more SummaryBackgroundPubertal insulin resistance (IR) is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus development in adolescents with overweight/obesity.ObjectivesThe PREVIEW study was a randomized parallel trial assessing the change in IR, analyzed by Homeostatic Model Assessment of IR (HOMA‐IR), at 2 years after randomization to a high protein vs a moderate protein diet in adolescents with overweight/obesity. It was hypothesized that a high protein/low glycaemic index diet would be superior in reducing IR compared to a medium protein/medium GI diet, in insulin resistant adolescents with overweight or obesity.MethodsAdolescents with overweight/obesity and IR from the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Spain were randomized into a moderate protein/moderate GI (15/55/30En% protein/carbohydrate/fat, GI ≥ 56) or high protein/low GI (25/45/30En% protein/carbohydrate/fat, GI < 50) diet. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters, puberty, dietary intake and physical activity...

Archives of Public Health, 2020

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a health disorder characterized by metabolic abnormalitie... more Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a health disorder characterized by metabolic abnormalities that predict an increased risk to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It can be resolved, and its complications reduced, by lifestyle interventions offered in primary care. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of the exercise program of the CHANGE feasibility study on physical fitness and physical activity habits, and assess associations between changes in MetS components and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods In this analysis of 192 of the 293 adults with MetS in the overall study, the impact on physical fitness [aerobic capacity, muscular fitness and flexibility], and non-supervised physical activities was investigated over 12 months. In the CHANGE program, aerobic capacity, muscular fitness and flexibility were assessed at baseline, after 3 months of weekly supervised exercise, and following 9 additional months during which part...

Frontiers in Public Health, 2018

Sedentary behavior refers to certain activities in a reclining, seated, or lying position requiri... more Sedentary behavior refers to certain activities in a reclining, seated, or lying position requiring very low energy expenditure. It has been suggested to be distinct from physical inactivity and an independent predictor of metabolic risk even if an individual meets current physical activity guidelines. Over the past decades, a shift in the activity profile of individuals has been observed with vigorous physical activity and sleep being partly replaced by cognitive work, a potential neurogenic stress component considering its hormonal and neurophysiological effects, leading to various impacts on health. Mental work, for instance, may significantly increase glycemic instability leading to an increase in the desire to eat and thus, higher energy intakes. Furthermore, screen-based leisure activities (e.g., television watching) and screen-based work activities (e.g., computer use for work purposes) have often been considered together while they may not trigger the same stress response and/or use of substrate. Thus, the problems of sedentariness may not only be attributed to a lack of movement, but also to the stimulation provided by replacing activities. The objective of this review is to discuss the (1) recent evidence and current state of knowledge regarding the health impact of sedentary behaviors on health; (2) potential neurogenic effects of cognitive work as a sedentary behavior; (3) link between sedentary behaviors and the diet; (4) resemblance between sedentary behaviors and the inadequate sleeper; and (5) potential solutions to reduce sedentary behaviors and increase physical activity.

International Journal of Obesity, 2006

Objective: To assess the relationship between short sleep duration and obesity-related variables ... more Objective: To assess the relationship between short sleep duration and obesity-related variables in children involved in the 'Québec en Forme' Project. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: A total of 422 children (211 boys and 211 girls) aged between 5 and 10 years from primary schools in the City of Trois-Rivières (Québec) were selected to participate in this study. Measurements: Body weight, height and waist circumference were measured. The children were classified as normal, underweight, overweight or obese, according to body mass index (BMI) per age. An exhaustive questionnaire was administered by telephone to the parents of children. Results: The percentage of overweight/obesity was 20.0% in boys and 24.0% in girls. When compared to children reporting 12-13 h of sleep per day, the adjusted odds ratio for childhood overweight/obesity was 1.42 (95% confidence interval 1.09-1.98) for those with 10.5-11.5 h of sleep and 3.45 (2.61-4.67) for those with 8-10 h of sleep after adjustment for age, sex, and other risk factors. Parental obesity, low parental educational level, low total family income, long hours of TV watching, playing videogames or computer utilization, absence of breastfeeding and physical inactivity were also significantly associated with childhood overweight/obesity. In addition, we observed a significant negative association adjusted for age between sleep duration and body weight (À0.33, Po0.01), BMI (À0.12, Po0.01) and waist circumference (À0.24, Po0.01) in boys. Conclusion: An inverse association was observed between sleep duration and the risk to develop childhood overweight/obesity. Longitudinal research will be required to confirm a potential link of causality between these variables.

Biology of Sport, 2017

Net mechanical efficiency (MEnet), which reflects the body's ability to transfer energy above res... more Net mechanical efficiency (MEnet), which reflects the body's ability to transfer energy above resting levels in external work, is similar in young children regardless of their body weights. However, it is unclear whether MEnet remains stable during growth and maturation. We sought to determine whether net mechanical efficiency (MEnet) changes over a period of 3 years in children and to identify the factors associated with possible changes. A total of 169 children participating in the QUALITY (Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth) cohort completed an incremental cycling test, resulting in the same maximal power output during both visits. For MEnet, resting energy consumption was subtracted from total energy consumption at each exercise stage. Physical activity was measured using an accelerometer worn for 7 days. Participants were measured at year one and again two years later. MEnet did not differ across the visits at the 25, 50 and 75 watt stages. However, the participants exhibited lower MEnet values at follow-up for the 100 and 125 W stages (23(3) vs. 20(1)%; 25(4) vs. 20(2)%; p<0.01). Declines in MEnet correlated positively with declines in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels (r=0.78, p<0.05). The declines in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels across the visits were identified as significant predictors of MEnet changes at 100 and 125 W over 3 years, accounting for 22% of the relationship. In children, MEnet, determined at high exercise intensity, decreases within a period of three years, and the decrement appeared to be related to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

Public health nutrition, 2017

To quantify the association of dietary quality with prospective changes in adiposity. Children pa... more To quantify the association of dietary quality with prospective changes in adiposity. Children participating in the QUALITY (QUebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth) study underwent examination at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. Dietary quality was assessed by the Diet Quality Index-International (DQII) using three non-consecutive 24 h diet recalls at baseline. The DQII has four main categories: dietary adequacy, variety, moderation and overall balance. Fat mass index (FMI; [fat mass (kg)]/[height (m)]2), central FMI (CFMI; [trunk fat mass (kg)]/[height (m)]2), percentage body fat (%BF; [total fat mass (kg)]/[total mass (kg)]) and percentage central BF (%CBF; [trunk fat mass (kg)]/[total mass (kg)]) were assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Children were selected from schools in the greater Montreal, Sherbrooke and Quebec City metropolitan areas between 2005 and 2008, Quebec, Canada. A total of 546 children aged 8-10 years, including 244 girls and 302 boy...

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, Apr 1, 2017

Our objective was to examine the respective contributions of changes in visceral adiposity, subcu... more Our objective was to examine the respective contributions of changes in visceral adiposity, subcutaneous adiposity, liver fat, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to the improvements in cardiometabolic risk markers in response to a 3-yr healthy eating/physical activity lifestyle intervention. Ninety-four out of 144 viscerally obese healthy men completed a 3-yr lifestyle intervention. Body weight, body composition, and fat distribution were assessed by anthropometry and DEXA/computed tomography. CRF, adipokines, lipoprotein/lipid profile, and 75 g of oral glucose tolerance were assessed. CRF and visceral and subcutaneous adiposity significantly improved over the 3-yr intervention, with a nadir in year 1 and a partial regain in year 3 Liver fat (estimated by insulin hepatic extraction) stabilized from year 1 to year 3, whereas HOMA-IR, ISI-Matsuda index, and adiponectin continued to improve. Multivariate analysis revealed that both visceral adiposity and estimated liver fat reductions...

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2016

Context: Atherosclerotic vascular disease begins in childhood and while progression is multifacto... more Context: Atherosclerotic vascular disease begins in childhood and while progression is multifactorial, obesity in early life is an important risk factor for its development. Objective: To determine whether fasting apoB48 remnant lipoproteins (relative to classic lipid markers), is elevated with increasing central adiposity over time in a cohort of Canadian children with a family history of obesity. Design: Data were drawn from the ongoing prospective cohort of 630 Caucasian families in Québec, Canada, recruited to assess determinants and effects of childhood obesity (Québec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth [QUALITY]cohort). Participants: Children who attended baseline and first followup clinic visits (n ϭ570; age 9.6 y). Main Outcome Measure: Trunk fat mass was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Central fat mass index was calculated as CFMI ϭ trunk fat mass/height 2 (kg/m 2) and groups created (CFMI Ͻ1.5; 1.5-3.0; Ն3.0 kg/m 2) to suggest lower, moderate, or higher central adiposity. Changes over time in outcomes (apoB48, triglyceride and total, low-, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were compared using paired t test and multiple regression that adjusted for age, sex, and Tanner stage. Results: Classic lipid markers (total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) improved at followup, whereas apoB48 became worse (increased). ApoB48 increased with increasing central adiposity, highest (37%) in children who transitioned from lower-to moderate-CFMI groups (⌬apoB48 ϭ 1.5 g/mL). For every 1 kg/m 2 increase in central adiposity over the 2-y period, an increase in apoB48 was 14-fold greater among children with lower baseline CFMI, compared with higher CFMI. Conclusions: Increased fasting concentrations of apoB48 may be representative of changes in adiposity at lower levels of central fat (early periods of risk).

Nutrition & diabetes, 2014

To examine the associations between eating behavior traits and weight loss according to sleep qua... more To examine the associations between eating behavior traits and weight loss according to sleep quality and duration in adults enrolled in common weight-loss interventions. Participants included overweight and obese men and women (n=150) (mean±s.d. age, 38.8±8.6 years; mean±s.d. body mass index (BMI), 33.3±3.5 kg m(-2)) who were subjected to a dietary intervention over a period of 12-16 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, eating behavior traits (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire), sleep quality (total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score) and sleep duration (hours per night, self-reported from the PSQI) were assessed at both baseline and post intervention. Linear regression analysis was used to quantify the relationships between eating behavior traits and changes in anthropometric markers for all subjects and by sleep categories (short sleep: <7 h per night vs recommended sleep: ⩾7 h per night; poor sleep quality: ⩾5 PSQI score vs good sleep quality: <5 PSQI score). We ad...

Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2011

In this article, we describe the Quebec experience about the determinants of childhood obesity an... more In this article, we describe the Quebec experience about the determinants of childhood obesity and the search for solutions, which are well adapted to the constraints of the current lifestyle. As expected, it is likely that a decrease in physical fitness and its related sedentariness as well as suboptimal food habits have contributed to the increase in overweight prevalence that was observed between 1980 and 2000. Our research experience suggests that other less suspected activity related factors have also played an important role in the occurrence of the obesity epidemic. This is particularly the case for short sleeping and demanding mental work, which are features of our modern lifestyle. Because there is no foreseeable prospect for a change in sleep and mental work habits, we argue that compensations in other factors may be necessary to prevent weight gain in this new context. We thus developed a concept of food design aiming at the maximization of the satiating properties of a f...

International journal of pediatrics, 2010

Objectives. To examine if distinct characteristics are associated with parental misclassification... more Objectives. To examine if distinct characteristics are associated with parental misclassification of underweight (UW), normal weight (NW), and overweight or obese (OWOB) children and the implications of misclassification on the parental evaluation of the child's lifestyle habits. Methods. Cross-sectional analysis (2004 sample) of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (1998-2010) (n = 1,125). Results. 16%, 55%, and 77% of NW, UW and OWOB children were perceived inaccurately, respectively. Misperception was significantly higher in nonimmigrant parents of UW children, in highly educated parents of NW children and in NW and OWOB children with lower BMI percentiles. Erroneous body weight status identification impedes the evaluation of eating habits of all children as well as physical activity and fitness levels of UW and OWOB children. Conclusion. Parental misclassification of the child's body weight status and lifestyle habits constitutes an unfavorable context for ...

Current Obesity Reports, 2014

The Quebec Family Study (QFS) was an observational study with three cycles of data collection bet... more The Quebec Family Study (QFS) was an observational study with three cycles of data collection between 1979 and 2002 in Quebec City, Canada. The cohort is a mixture of random sampling and ascertainment through obese individuals. The study has significantly contributed to our understanding of the determinants of obesity and associated disease risk over the past 35 years. In particular, the QFS cohort was used to investigate the contribution of familial resemblance and genetic effects on body fatness and behaviors related to energy balance. Significant familial aggregation and genetic heritability were reported for total adiposity, fat-free mass, subcutaneous fat distribution, abdominal and visceral fat, resting metabolic rate, physical activity level and other behavioral traits. The resources of QFS were also used to study the contribution of several nontraditional (non-caloric) risk factors as predictors of excess body weight and gains in weight and adiposity over time, including low calcium and micronutrient intake, high disinhibition eating behavior trait, and short sleep duration. An important finding relates to the interactions between dietary macronutrient intake and exercise intensity on body mass and adiposity.

Objective: Overweight individuals sway more than normal weight individuals. Major weight loss imp... more Objective: Overweight individuals sway more than normal weight individuals. Major weight loss improves their balance control despite a related decrease in muscle strength. Presumably, muscular strength is an important factor for balance control. This study investigated the effect that a change in body mass has on relative strength and balance control. Methodology: Force (isometric knee extension) and balance control (center of pressure speed and range) were studied in three groups; normal weight (BMI o25 kg m À2), obese (30 kg m À2 oBMIo 40 kg m À2) and excess obese (BMI 440 kg m À2) Caucasian male individuals. Results: The excess obese individuals who underwent bariatric surgery as a weight loss strategy were studied before, 3 and 12 months after losing on average, 66.9 kg (± 95% CI 55.8, 77.9 kg; on average, 45% of their weight). The obese individuals who underwent diet modifications were studied before dieting and when resistance to weight loss occurred after losing on average 11.7 kg (± 95% CI 9.3, 14.2 kg; on average, 12% of their weight). The control group was studied twice, 50 weeks apart. In obese and excess obese individuals, losing weight reduced absolute knee muscular strength on average, by 8.2 kg (±95% CI 3.9, 12.5 kg; on average, 10% of their strength) and 23.9 kg (± 95% CI 12.1, 35.8 kg; on average, 33% of their strength). However, it also increased balance control measured with speed of the center of foot pressure, on average, by 0.10 cm s-1 (± 95% CI 0.05, 0.14 cm s-1 ; or increased of 12%) and 0.28 cm s-1 (± 95% CI 0.07, 0.47 cm s-1 ; increased of 27%), respectively. Relative strength increased approximately by 22% for only the excess obese group 12 months post surgery. Conclusion: This suggests, in overweight individuals, weight loss is more efficient at improving balance control than increasing, or even maintaining muscle strength. In these individuals, training programs aimed at improving balance control should primarily target weight loss.

Current Obesity Reports, 2013

Epidemic excess of weight is considered as a critical and common health problem. It is associated... more Epidemic excess of weight is considered as a critical and common health problem. It is associated with many physiological and psychological disorders. Other than metabolic problems, obesity also affects the efficient execution of daily living activities such as the simple act of standing, walking or grabbing an object while standing. This article aims at presenting a state of knowledge of recent studies illustrating the detrimental effect of obesity and the beneficial effect of weight loss on postural stability and on the speed and accuracy of upper-limb goal-directed movements performed from a standing posture. Evidence supporting the suggestion that greater strength and training, at least for standing conditions, do not overcome the functional limitations imposed by obesity are presented. It is suggested that obese individuals may suffer from a reduced plantar sole sensitivity. As a conclusion to this work, we confirm the deleterious effect of overweight on motor control as weight loss translates into an improved balance control and upper limb speed-accuracy performance when standing.

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2014

Identification of factors that relate to physical activity behavior in children at higher risk fo... more Identification of factors that relate to physical activity behavior in children at higher risk for weight problems-namely, children with obese parents-is key to informing the development of effective interventions to promote physical activity and reduce obesity. The purpose of our study was to examine children's perceptions of parental social support for physical activity and the associations between these perceptions and health-enhancing physical activity behavior. Our specific objectives were to: (a) compare perceptions of parental support in children across gender and weight status; (b) compare perceptions of support across source (mother, father) and type (tangible, intangible) in normal-weight and overweight girls and boys; and (c) examine the associations between perceptions of parental support and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behavior. Method: We used data collected from the Quebec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth, an investigation of Caucasian children with at least 1obese biological parent. We included in the

PLoS ONE, 2013

Background: Although reports in adults suggest that breaks in sedentary time are associated with ... more Background: Although reports in adults suggest that breaks in sedentary time are associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk, these findings have yet to be replicated in children. Purpose: To investigate whether objectively measured sedentary behavior, sedentary bouts or breaks in sedentary time are independently associated with cardiometabolic risk in a cohort of Canadian children aged 8-11 years with a family history of obesity. Methods: Data from 286 boys and 236 girls living in Quebec, Canada, with at least one biological parent with obesity (QUALITY cohort) were collected from 2005-2008, and analyzed in 2013. Sedentary behavior, light and moderate-tovigorous physical activity were measured over 7 days using accelerometry. Leisure time computer/video game use and TV viewing over the past 7 days were self-reported. Outcomes included waist circumference, body mass index Z-score, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, C-reactive protein and a continuous cardiometabolic risk score. Results: After adjustment for confounders, breaks in sedentary time and the number of sedentary bouts lasting 1-4 minutes were associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk score and lower BMI Z-score in both sexes (all p,0.05). The number of sedentary bouts lasting 5-9 minutes was negatively associated with waist circumference in girls only, while the number of bouts lasting 10-14 minutes was positively associated with fasting glucose in girls, and with BMI Z-score in boys (all p,0.05). Leisure time computer/video game use was associated with increased cardiometabolic risk score and waist circumference in boys, while TV viewing was associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, waist circumference, and BMI Z-score in girls (all p,0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that frequent interruptions in sedentary time are associated with a favourable cardiometabolic risk profile and highlight the deleterious relationship between screen time and cardiometabolic risk among children with a family history of obesity.

Obesity Reviews, 2003

SummaryA consensus meeting was held in Bangkok, 21–23 May 2002, where experts and young scientist... more SummaryA consensus meeting was held in Bangkok, 21–23 May 2002, where experts and young scientists in the field of physical activity, energy expenditure and body‐weight regulation discussed the different aspects of physical activity in relation to the emerging problem of obesity worldwide. The following consensus statement was accepted unanimously.‘The current physical activity guideline for adults of 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity daily, preferably all days of the week, is of importance for limiting health risks for a number of chronic diseases including coronary heart disease and diabetes. However for preventing weight gain or regain this guideline is likely to be insufficient for many individuals in the current environment. There is compelling evidence that prevention of weight regain in formerly obese individuals requires 60–90 minutes of moderate intensity activity or lesser amounts of vigorous intensity activity. Although definitive data are lacking, it seems likely...

Sleep, 2011

To investigate whether the relationship between short sleep duration and subsequent body weight g... more To investigate whether the relationship between short sleep duration and subsequent body weight gain is influenced by disinhibited eating behavior. Design: Six-year longitudinal study. Setting: Community setting. Participants: Two hundred seventy-six adults aged 21 to 64 years from the Quebec Family Study. Measurements and Results: Body composition measurements, self-reported sleep duration, and disinhibition eating behavior trait (Three-Factor eating Questionnaire) were determined at both baseline and after 6 years. For each sleep-duration group (short-[ ≤ 6 h] average, [7-8 h], and long-[ ≥ 9 h] duration sleepers), differences in weight gain and waist circumference were tested by comparing the lowest (score ≤ 3) versus the highest (score ≥ 6) disinhibition eating behavior tertiles using analysis of covariance, with adjustment for potential confounding factors. individuals having both short sleep duration and high disinhibition eating behavior were more likely to gain weight and increase their abdominal circumference over time (p < 0.05); however, short-duration sleepers having a low disinhibition eating behavior trait were not more likely to increase their adiposity indicators than were average-duration sleepers. over the 6-year follow-up period, the incidence of overweight/obesity for short-duration sleepers with a high disinhibition eating behavior trait was 2.5 times more frequent than for short-duration sleepers with a low disinhibition eating behavior trait. energy intake was significantly higher in short-duration sleepers with a high disinhibition eating behavior trait (p < 0.05 versus all other groups). Conclusions: We observed that having a high disinhibition eating behavior trait significantly increased the risk of overeating and gaining weight in adults characterized by short sleep duration. This observation is novel and might explain the interindividual differences in weight gain associated with short sleep duration.

PLoS ONE, 2013

Background: Sedentary behaviour has recently emerged as a unique risk factor for chronic disease ... more Background: Sedentary behaviour has recently emerged as a unique risk factor for chronic disease morbidity and mortality. One factor that may explain this relationship is visceral adiposity, which is prospectively associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and mortality. The objective of the present study was to determine whether sedentary behaviour was associated with increased accumulation of visceral fat or other deleterious changes in cardiometabolic risk over a 6-year follow-up period among adult participants in the Quebec Family Study. Methods: The current study included 123 men and 153 women between the ages of 18 and 65. Total sedentary time and physical activity were assessed by self-report questionnaire. Cross-sectional areas of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were assessed using computed tomography. Cardiometabolic biomarkers including fasting insulin, glucose, blood lipids, HOMA-Insulin Resistance, and oral glucose tolerance were also measured. All variables of interest were collected at both baseline and follow-up. Results: After adjustment for age, sex, baseline BMI, physical activity, energy intake, smoking, education, income and menopausal status, baseline sedentary behaviour was not associated with changes in visceral adiposity or any other marker of cardiometabolic risk. In the longitudinal model which adjusted for all studied covariates, every 15-minute increase in sedentary behaviour from baseline to follow-up was associated with a 0.13 cm increase in waist circumference (95% CI = 0.02, 0.25). However, there was no association between changes in sedentary behaviour and changes in visceral adiposity or other markers of cardiometabolic risk. Conclusion: These results suggest that neither baseline sedentary behaviour nor changes in sedentary behaviour are associated with longitudinal changes in visceral adiposity in adult men and women. With the exception of waist circumference, the present study did not find evidence of a relationship between sedentary behaviour and any marker of cardiometabolic risk in this population.

Pediatric Obesity, 2020

SummaryBackgroundPubertal insulin resistance (IR) is associated with increased risk of type 2 dia... more SummaryBackgroundPubertal insulin resistance (IR) is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus development in adolescents with overweight/obesity.ObjectivesThe PREVIEW study was a randomized parallel trial assessing the change in IR, analyzed by Homeostatic Model Assessment of IR (HOMA‐IR), at 2 years after randomization to a high protein vs a moderate protein diet in adolescents with overweight/obesity. It was hypothesized that a high protein/low glycaemic index diet would be superior in reducing IR compared to a medium protein/medium GI diet, in insulin resistant adolescents with overweight or obesity.MethodsAdolescents with overweight/obesity and IR from the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Spain were randomized into a moderate protein/moderate GI (15/55/30En% protein/carbohydrate/fat, GI ≥ 56) or high protein/low GI (25/45/30En% protein/carbohydrate/fat, GI < 50) diet. Anthropometric and cardiometabolic parameters, puberty, dietary intake and physical activity...

Archives of Public Health, 2020

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a health disorder characterized by metabolic abnormalitie... more Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a health disorder characterized by metabolic abnormalities that predict an increased risk to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It can be resolved, and its complications reduced, by lifestyle interventions offered in primary care. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of the exercise program of the CHANGE feasibility study on physical fitness and physical activity habits, and assess associations between changes in MetS components and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods In this analysis of 192 of the 293 adults with MetS in the overall study, the impact on physical fitness [aerobic capacity, muscular fitness and flexibility], and non-supervised physical activities was investigated over 12 months. In the CHANGE program, aerobic capacity, muscular fitness and flexibility were assessed at baseline, after 3 months of weekly supervised exercise, and following 9 additional months during which part...

Frontiers in Public Health, 2018

Sedentary behavior refers to certain activities in a reclining, seated, or lying position requiri... more Sedentary behavior refers to certain activities in a reclining, seated, or lying position requiring very low energy expenditure. It has been suggested to be distinct from physical inactivity and an independent predictor of metabolic risk even if an individual meets current physical activity guidelines. Over the past decades, a shift in the activity profile of individuals has been observed with vigorous physical activity and sleep being partly replaced by cognitive work, a potential neurogenic stress component considering its hormonal and neurophysiological effects, leading to various impacts on health. Mental work, for instance, may significantly increase glycemic instability leading to an increase in the desire to eat and thus, higher energy intakes. Furthermore, screen-based leisure activities (e.g., television watching) and screen-based work activities (e.g., computer use for work purposes) have often been considered together while they may not trigger the same stress response and/or use of substrate. Thus, the problems of sedentariness may not only be attributed to a lack of movement, but also to the stimulation provided by replacing activities. The objective of this review is to discuss the (1) recent evidence and current state of knowledge regarding the health impact of sedentary behaviors on health; (2) potential neurogenic effects of cognitive work as a sedentary behavior; (3) link between sedentary behaviors and the diet; (4) resemblance between sedentary behaviors and the inadequate sleeper; and (5) potential solutions to reduce sedentary behaviors and increase physical activity.

International Journal of Obesity, 2006

Objective: To assess the relationship between short sleep duration and obesity-related variables ... more Objective: To assess the relationship between short sleep duration and obesity-related variables in children involved in the 'Québec en Forme' Project. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: A total of 422 children (211 boys and 211 girls) aged between 5 and 10 years from primary schools in the City of Trois-Rivières (Québec) were selected to participate in this study. Measurements: Body weight, height and waist circumference were measured. The children were classified as normal, underweight, overweight or obese, according to body mass index (BMI) per age. An exhaustive questionnaire was administered by telephone to the parents of children. Results: The percentage of overweight/obesity was 20.0% in boys and 24.0% in girls. When compared to children reporting 12-13 h of sleep per day, the adjusted odds ratio for childhood overweight/obesity was 1.42 (95% confidence interval 1.09-1.98) for those with 10.5-11.5 h of sleep and 3.45 (2.61-4.67) for those with 8-10 h of sleep after adjustment for age, sex, and other risk factors. Parental obesity, low parental educational level, low total family income, long hours of TV watching, playing videogames or computer utilization, absence of breastfeeding and physical inactivity were also significantly associated with childhood overweight/obesity. In addition, we observed a significant negative association adjusted for age between sleep duration and body weight (À0.33, Po0.01), BMI (À0.12, Po0.01) and waist circumference (À0.24, Po0.01) in boys. Conclusion: An inverse association was observed between sleep duration and the risk to develop childhood overweight/obesity. Longitudinal research will be required to confirm a potential link of causality between these variables.

Biology of Sport, 2017

Net mechanical efficiency (MEnet), which reflects the body's ability to transfer energy above res... more Net mechanical efficiency (MEnet), which reflects the body's ability to transfer energy above resting levels in external work, is similar in young children regardless of their body weights. However, it is unclear whether MEnet remains stable during growth and maturation. We sought to determine whether net mechanical efficiency (MEnet) changes over a period of 3 years in children and to identify the factors associated with possible changes. A total of 169 children participating in the QUALITY (Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth) cohort completed an incremental cycling test, resulting in the same maximal power output during both visits. For MEnet, resting energy consumption was subtracted from total energy consumption at each exercise stage. Physical activity was measured using an accelerometer worn for 7 days. Participants were measured at year one and again two years later. MEnet did not differ across the visits at the 25, 50 and 75 watt stages. However, the participants exhibited lower MEnet values at follow-up for the 100 and 125 W stages (23(3) vs. 20(1)%; 25(4) vs. 20(2)%; p<0.01). Declines in MEnet correlated positively with declines in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels (r=0.78, p<0.05). The declines in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels across the visits were identified as significant predictors of MEnet changes at 100 and 125 W over 3 years, accounting for 22% of the relationship. In children, MEnet, determined at high exercise intensity, decreases within a period of three years, and the decrement appeared to be related to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

Public health nutrition, 2017

To quantify the association of dietary quality with prospective changes in adiposity. Children pa... more To quantify the association of dietary quality with prospective changes in adiposity. Children participating in the QUALITY (QUebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth) study underwent examination at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. Dietary quality was assessed by the Diet Quality Index-International (DQII) using three non-consecutive 24 h diet recalls at baseline. The DQII has four main categories: dietary adequacy, variety, moderation and overall balance. Fat mass index (FMI; [fat mass (kg)]/[height (m)]2), central FMI (CFMI; [trunk fat mass (kg)]/[height (m)]2), percentage body fat (%BF; [total fat mass (kg)]/[total mass (kg)]) and percentage central BF (%CBF; [trunk fat mass (kg)]/[total mass (kg)]) were assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Children were selected from schools in the greater Montreal, Sherbrooke and Quebec City metropolitan areas between 2005 and 2008, Quebec, Canada. A total of 546 children aged 8-10 years, including 244 girls and 302 boy...

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, Apr 1, 2017

Our objective was to examine the respective contributions of changes in visceral adiposity, subcu... more Our objective was to examine the respective contributions of changes in visceral adiposity, subcutaneous adiposity, liver fat, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to the improvements in cardiometabolic risk markers in response to a 3-yr healthy eating/physical activity lifestyle intervention. Ninety-four out of 144 viscerally obese healthy men completed a 3-yr lifestyle intervention. Body weight, body composition, and fat distribution were assessed by anthropometry and DEXA/computed tomography. CRF, adipokines, lipoprotein/lipid profile, and 75 g of oral glucose tolerance were assessed. CRF and visceral and subcutaneous adiposity significantly improved over the 3-yr intervention, with a nadir in year 1 and a partial regain in year 3 Liver fat (estimated by insulin hepatic extraction) stabilized from year 1 to year 3, whereas HOMA-IR, ISI-Matsuda index, and adiponectin continued to improve. Multivariate analysis revealed that both visceral adiposity and estimated liver fat reductions...

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2016

Context: Atherosclerotic vascular disease begins in childhood and while progression is multifacto... more Context: Atherosclerotic vascular disease begins in childhood and while progression is multifactorial, obesity in early life is an important risk factor for its development. Objective: To determine whether fasting apoB48 remnant lipoproteins (relative to classic lipid markers), is elevated with increasing central adiposity over time in a cohort of Canadian children with a family history of obesity. Design: Data were drawn from the ongoing prospective cohort of 630 Caucasian families in Québec, Canada, recruited to assess determinants and effects of childhood obesity (Québec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth [QUALITY]cohort). Participants: Children who attended baseline and first followup clinic visits (n ϭ570; age 9.6 y). Main Outcome Measure: Trunk fat mass was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Central fat mass index was calculated as CFMI ϭ trunk fat mass/height 2 (kg/m 2) and groups created (CFMI Ͻ1.5; 1.5-3.0; Ն3.0 kg/m 2) to suggest lower, moderate, or higher central adiposity. Changes over time in outcomes (apoB48, triglyceride and total, low-, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were compared using paired t test and multiple regression that adjusted for age, sex, and Tanner stage. Results: Classic lipid markers (total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) improved at followup, whereas apoB48 became worse (increased). ApoB48 increased with increasing central adiposity, highest (37%) in children who transitioned from lower-to moderate-CFMI groups (⌬apoB48 ϭ 1.5 g/mL). For every 1 kg/m 2 increase in central adiposity over the 2-y period, an increase in apoB48 was 14-fold greater among children with lower baseline CFMI, compared with higher CFMI. Conclusions: Increased fasting concentrations of apoB48 may be representative of changes in adiposity at lower levels of central fat (early periods of risk).

Nutrition & diabetes, 2014

To examine the associations between eating behavior traits and weight loss according to sleep qua... more To examine the associations between eating behavior traits and weight loss according to sleep quality and duration in adults enrolled in common weight-loss interventions. Participants included overweight and obese men and women (n=150) (mean±s.d. age, 38.8±8.6 years; mean±s.d. body mass index (BMI), 33.3±3.5 kg m(-2)) who were subjected to a dietary intervention over a period of 12-16 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, eating behavior traits (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire), sleep quality (total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score) and sleep duration (hours per night, self-reported from the PSQI) were assessed at both baseline and post intervention. Linear regression analysis was used to quantify the relationships between eating behavior traits and changes in anthropometric markers for all subjects and by sleep categories (short sleep: <7 h per night vs recommended sleep: ⩾7 h per night; poor sleep quality: ⩾5 PSQI score vs good sleep quality: <5 PSQI score). We ad...

Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 2011

In this article, we describe the Quebec experience about the determinants of childhood obesity an... more In this article, we describe the Quebec experience about the determinants of childhood obesity and the search for solutions, which are well adapted to the constraints of the current lifestyle. As expected, it is likely that a decrease in physical fitness and its related sedentariness as well as suboptimal food habits have contributed to the increase in overweight prevalence that was observed between 1980 and 2000. Our research experience suggests that other less suspected activity related factors have also played an important role in the occurrence of the obesity epidemic. This is particularly the case for short sleeping and demanding mental work, which are features of our modern lifestyle. Because there is no foreseeable prospect for a change in sleep and mental work habits, we argue that compensations in other factors may be necessary to prevent weight gain in this new context. We thus developed a concept of food design aiming at the maximization of the satiating properties of a f...

International journal of pediatrics, 2010

Objectives. To examine if distinct characteristics are associated with parental misclassification... more Objectives. To examine if distinct characteristics are associated with parental misclassification of underweight (UW), normal weight (NW), and overweight or obese (OWOB) children and the implications of misclassification on the parental evaluation of the child's lifestyle habits. Methods. Cross-sectional analysis (2004 sample) of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (1998-2010) (n = 1,125). Results. 16%, 55%, and 77% of NW, UW and OWOB children were perceived inaccurately, respectively. Misperception was significantly higher in nonimmigrant parents of UW children, in highly educated parents of NW children and in NW and OWOB children with lower BMI percentiles. Erroneous body weight status identification impedes the evaluation of eating habits of all children as well as physical activity and fitness levels of UW and OWOB children. Conclusion. Parental misclassification of the child's body weight status and lifestyle habits constitutes an unfavorable context for ...

Current Obesity Reports, 2014

The Quebec Family Study (QFS) was an observational study with three cycles of data collection bet... more The Quebec Family Study (QFS) was an observational study with three cycles of data collection between 1979 and 2002 in Quebec City, Canada. The cohort is a mixture of random sampling and ascertainment through obese individuals. The study has significantly contributed to our understanding of the determinants of obesity and associated disease risk over the past 35 years. In particular, the QFS cohort was used to investigate the contribution of familial resemblance and genetic effects on body fatness and behaviors related to energy balance. Significant familial aggregation and genetic heritability were reported for total adiposity, fat-free mass, subcutaneous fat distribution, abdominal and visceral fat, resting metabolic rate, physical activity level and other behavioral traits. The resources of QFS were also used to study the contribution of several nontraditional (non-caloric) risk factors as predictors of excess body weight and gains in weight and adiposity over time, including low calcium and micronutrient intake, high disinhibition eating behavior trait, and short sleep duration. An important finding relates to the interactions between dietary macronutrient intake and exercise intensity on body mass and adiposity.

Objective: Overweight individuals sway more than normal weight individuals. Major weight loss imp... more Objective: Overweight individuals sway more than normal weight individuals. Major weight loss improves their balance control despite a related decrease in muscle strength. Presumably, muscular strength is an important factor for balance control. This study investigated the effect that a change in body mass has on relative strength and balance control. Methodology: Force (isometric knee extension) and balance control (center of pressure speed and range) were studied in three groups; normal weight (BMI o25 kg m À2), obese (30 kg m À2 oBMIo 40 kg m À2) and excess obese (BMI 440 kg m À2) Caucasian male individuals. Results: The excess obese individuals who underwent bariatric surgery as a weight loss strategy were studied before, 3 and 12 months after losing on average, 66.9 kg (± 95% CI 55.8, 77.9 kg; on average, 45% of their weight). The obese individuals who underwent diet modifications were studied before dieting and when resistance to weight loss occurred after losing on average 11.7 kg (± 95% CI 9.3, 14.2 kg; on average, 12% of their weight). The control group was studied twice, 50 weeks apart. In obese and excess obese individuals, losing weight reduced absolute knee muscular strength on average, by 8.2 kg (±95% CI 3.9, 12.5 kg; on average, 10% of their strength) and 23.9 kg (± 95% CI 12.1, 35.8 kg; on average, 33% of their strength). However, it also increased balance control measured with speed of the center of foot pressure, on average, by 0.10 cm s-1 (± 95% CI 0.05, 0.14 cm s-1 ; or increased of 12%) and 0.28 cm s-1 (± 95% CI 0.07, 0.47 cm s-1 ; increased of 27%), respectively. Relative strength increased approximately by 22% for only the excess obese group 12 months post surgery. Conclusion: This suggests, in overweight individuals, weight loss is more efficient at improving balance control than increasing, or even maintaining muscle strength. In these individuals, training programs aimed at improving balance control should primarily target weight loss.

Current Obesity Reports, 2013

Epidemic excess of weight is considered as a critical and common health problem. It is associated... more Epidemic excess of weight is considered as a critical and common health problem. It is associated with many physiological and psychological disorders. Other than metabolic problems, obesity also affects the efficient execution of daily living activities such as the simple act of standing, walking or grabbing an object while standing. This article aims at presenting a state of knowledge of recent studies illustrating the detrimental effect of obesity and the beneficial effect of weight loss on postural stability and on the speed and accuracy of upper-limb goal-directed movements performed from a standing posture. Evidence supporting the suggestion that greater strength and training, at least for standing conditions, do not overcome the functional limitations imposed by obesity are presented. It is suggested that obese individuals may suffer from a reduced plantar sole sensitivity. As a conclusion to this work, we confirm the deleterious effect of overweight on motor control as weight loss translates into an improved balance control and upper limb speed-accuracy performance when standing.

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2014

Identification of factors that relate to physical activity behavior in children at higher risk fo... more Identification of factors that relate to physical activity behavior in children at higher risk for weight problems-namely, children with obese parents-is key to informing the development of effective interventions to promote physical activity and reduce obesity. The purpose of our study was to examine children's perceptions of parental social support for physical activity and the associations between these perceptions and health-enhancing physical activity behavior. Our specific objectives were to: (a) compare perceptions of parental support in children across gender and weight status; (b) compare perceptions of support across source (mother, father) and type (tangible, intangible) in normal-weight and overweight girls and boys; and (c) examine the associations between perceptions of parental support and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behavior. Method: We used data collected from the Quebec Adiposity and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth, an investigation of Caucasian children with at least 1obese biological parent. We included in the

PLoS ONE, 2013

Background: Although reports in adults suggest that breaks in sedentary time are associated with ... more Background: Although reports in adults suggest that breaks in sedentary time are associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk, these findings have yet to be replicated in children. Purpose: To investigate whether objectively measured sedentary behavior, sedentary bouts or breaks in sedentary time are independently associated with cardiometabolic risk in a cohort of Canadian children aged 8-11 years with a family history of obesity. Methods: Data from 286 boys and 236 girls living in Quebec, Canada, with at least one biological parent with obesity (QUALITY cohort) were collected from 2005-2008, and analyzed in 2013. Sedentary behavior, light and moderate-tovigorous physical activity were measured over 7 days using accelerometry. Leisure time computer/video game use and TV viewing over the past 7 days were self-reported. Outcomes included waist circumference, body mass index Z-score, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, C-reactive protein and a continuous cardiometabolic risk score. Results: After adjustment for confounders, breaks in sedentary time and the number of sedentary bouts lasting 1-4 minutes were associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk score and lower BMI Z-score in both sexes (all p,0.05). The number of sedentary bouts lasting 5-9 minutes was negatively associated with waist circumference in girls only, while the number of bouts lasting 10-14 minutes was positively associated with fasting glucose in girls, and with BMI Z-score in boys (all p,0.05). Leisure time computer/video game use was associated with increased cardiometabolic risk score and waist circumference in boys, while TV viewing was associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, waist circumference, and BMI Z-score in girls (all p,0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that frequent interruptions in sedentary time are associated with a favourable cardiometabolic risk profile and highlight the deleterious relationship between screen time and cardiometabolic risk among children with a family history of obesity.

Obesity Reviews, 2003

SummaryA consensus meeting was held in Bangkok, 21–23 May 2002, where experts and young scientist... more SummaryA consensus meeting was held in Bangkok, 21–23 May 2002, where experts and young scientists in the field of physical activity, energy expenditure and body‐weight regulation discussed the different aspects of physical activity in relation to the emerging problem of obesity worldwide. The following consensus statement was accepted unanimously.‘The current physical activity guideline for adults of 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity daily, preferably all days of the week, is of importance for limiting health risks for a number of chronic diseases including coronary heart disease and diabetes. However for preventing weight gain or regain this guideline is likely to be insufficient for many individuals in the current environment. There is compelling evidence that prevention of weight regain in formerly obese individuals requires 60–90 minutes of moderate intensity activity or lesser amounts of vigorous intensity activity. Although definitive data are lacking, it seems likely...