Angelos Markou - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Angelos Markou

""In this paper, there will be an attempt to present, analyze and understand the course of public... more ""In this paper, there will be an attempt to present, analyze and understand the course of public
finances in Greece for the period 2008 to 2012. Seven indicators were used that analyze and
describe the evolution of structural characteristics of public finances. Greece is a country, which
was facing problems with its public finances several years before the crisis. Following a series
of downgrades of its economy and after long pressures, the country entered the European
Financial Stability Fund (EFSF) in order to avoid the visible spectrum of default. In order to
succeed the reduction of fiscal deficit, measures of cutting expenses were introduced. Although
Greece joined the EFSF, the debt continued to grow at the same pace. This happened because
Greece continued to borrow to meet its obligations. ""

"The present research aims to present and analyze the causes that led to the crisis in the Eurozo... more "The present research aims to present and analyze the causes that led to the crisis in the Eurozone. The 2008 financial crisis revealed the weaknesses, the chronic problems and the differences which were lurking and emerged between the member states. The disparities of the economies combined with asymmetric monetary policy and political failures of member states exacerbated the problem resulting in the loss of credibility of some member states. The most vulnerable countries were those which are facing chronic debt problems and those which have directly affected by the financial crisis. The data for this investigation were collected from the databases of Eurostat and the European Central Bank. Finally, the present research concludes that the Eurozone crisis could be avoidable if the right moves have been made before the crisis and if there was a common stance for the beginning in order to tackle the problem.
"

The aim of this paper is to present a comparative study of the countries through the financial ra... more The aim of this paper is to present a comparative study of the countries through the financial ratios that were analysed. This study was carried out in order to find the characteristics of each economy in comparison to the others. It would be worthy to mention that the three economies that were put under comparative study, are not of the same dynamic. The United States of America and Great Britain show some common characteristics due to the positions of power that they possess in the allocation of the global economy. However, in the case of Greece the same dynamic with the other two countries doesn’t exist, a fact that is greatly imprinted in their in‐between comparison.

In this paper, the causes that led to the credit crunch, which played a key role in conveying the... more In this paper, the causes that led to the credit crunch, which played a key role in conveying the crisis to sovereign debt crisis are to be examined and reported. With simple and illustrative way, it will be made an attempt to analyze and understand the reasons, which brought the financial system to the brink of destruction. By the fall of 2008 everyone thought that the crisis started from the Wall Street and affected all financial markets globally would be limited to the financial sector. After the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008 the credit crunch took dimensions of global phenomenon. The role of the savior played several countries. The price of the rescue was several countries to have increased their debts. But the crisis itself has highlighted cases and countries facing debt problems prior to this, which were inflated during this period. The factors that compose the multiple forms of crisis are divided into two phases: The credit crisis, the sovereign debt crisis.

On this paper is conducted a study on the procedure of Greece’s public finances, using three indi... more On this paper is conducted a study on the procedure of Greece’s public finances, using three indicators that reflect the future fiscal condition of this country and the impact that will have on society. The indicators we used are: Public Debt (as percentage of G.D.P.), Current Account Balance (as percentage of G.D.P.) and Indirect Taxes (as share of G.D.P.). The estimations were made with the use of econometric models for the period 2013 to 2017.Along with the estimation of Public Debt (as percentage of G.D.P.), we proceed to an estimation of primary surplus/deficit of the country. Afterwards we present estimated data related to unemployment, direct taxes and inflation, presenting the relationship with the indicators that were estimated. The case of Greece has all the background makings for a complete experiment, presenting an economy with a large public debt. A small economy like Greece which has a relatively small manufacturing and industrial sector and deep recession, should address the big problems of debt accumulation. To accomplish this, Greece will not avoid the solution of the lending and finding revenue through increased taxation. In the end we make some useful conclusions Greece’s next day and prospect for a sustainable and competitive economy.

On this paper is conducted a study on the procedure of total public health expenditure for Greece... more On this paper is conducted a study on the procedure of total public health expenditure for Greece for the period 2013-2015. The estimations were made, using an econometric model designed specifically to describe and estimate the public health expenditure, for this country. The variables that have been used to make the econometric analysis were: Public pharmaceutical expenditure, debt-payments of hospitals during the previous accounting period, the cost of raw materials, the cost of intangible materials, other liabilities, consumable materials and the age of population. Along with the estimation, in order to be a comprehensive picture of the course of public health expenditure in Greece we proceeded with a presentation of data for the period 2009-2012 (the period of debt crisis). The case of Greece has all the background for a complete experiment, presenting the course of public health expenditure in a country, which is in the midst of debt crisis and has to cut its spending. To accomplish this the country will not avoid expanding the austerity policy in the public health sector, resulting a further reduction of (relatively low) public health expenditure. . In the end we make some useful conclusions on Greece’s public health expenditure, presenting a reliable solution in order to be avoided any further decline of public health services.

On this paper is conducted a study on the consequences of Greece’s fiscal consolidation in health... more On this paper is conducted a study on the consequences of Greece’s fiscal consolidation in healthcare and on the health of its population. The research focused on the effects of mental and physical health, created as a result of the economic crisis. Figures presented for the years 2008-2012. The research shows the direct affiliation of economic policies with health policies. Throughout the crisis, the governments of this country proceeded to cuts in public spending and thus in public health expenditures causing a complete decomposition of National Health Service. Due to the recession, the unemployment has risen in unlikely numbers having an almost 30% of Greece’s population without insurance and without coverage for healthcare. This situation led to an increase in the use of drugs, many people started to drink, suicides are now one of the major problems that Greek society is facing, whilst many forms of depression have noted since the beginning of the crisis. Cancers related to anxiety increased along with oral and lung diseases due to smoking, which rose sharply in the examined period.

Conference Presentations by Angelos Markou

An Econometric Estimation of Public Finances in Greece and its Effect on Society

"On this paper is conducted a study on the procedure of Greece’s public finances, using three ind... more "On this paper is conducted a study on the procedure of Greece’s public finances, using three indicators that reflect the future fiscal condition of this country and the impact that will have on society. The indicators we used are: Public Debt (as percentage of G.D.P.), Current Account Balance (as percentage of G.D.P.) and Indirect Taxes (as share of G.D.P.). The estimations were made with the use of econometric models for the period 2013 to 2017.Along with the estimation of Public Debt (as percentage of G.D.P.), we proceed to an estimation of primary surplus/deficit of the country. Afterwards we present estimated data related to unemployment, direct taxes and inflation, presenting the relationship with the indicators that were estimated. The case of Greece has all the background makings for a complete experiment,presenting an economy with a large public debt.A small economy like Greecewhich has a relatively small manufacturing and industrial sector and deep recession, should address the big problems of debt accumulation. To accomplish this, Greece will not avoid the solution of the lending and finding revenue through increased taxation. In the end we make some useful conclusions Greece’s next day and prospect for a sustainable and competitive economy.

The Impact of Crisis on the Health of Citizens and in Healthcare: The Case of Greece. Organization: Macrotheme

Οικονομετρική Εκτίμηση για τις Δαπάνες της Δημόσιας Υγείας. Η Περίπτωση της Ελλάδας. - Econometric Modeling of Public Health Expenditures. The Case of Greece

"Σκοπός: Ο σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας είναι η μελέτη, η καταγραφή και η εκτίμηση των δαπανών της... more "Σκοπός: Ο σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας είναι η μελέτη, η καταγραφή και η εκτίμηση των δαπανών της δημόσιας υγείας. Η έρευνα εστιάζει στην εκτίμηση των συνολικών δαπανών της δημόσιας υγείας για την χρονική περίοδο 2013-2015. Προκείμενου να δημιουργηθεί μια σφαιρική εικόνα των δημόσιων δαπανών της υγείας παρατίθενται τα στοιχεία για την χρονική περίοδο 2009-2012,όπου η κρίση εντείνεται και αποτελεί την αφετηρία των μειώσεων των δημοσίων δαπανών.
Υλικό-Μέθοδος: Για την εκτίμηση των δαπανών της δημόσιας υγείας χρησιμοποιήθηκε το οικονομετρικό μοντέλο της γραμμικής παλινδρόμησης. Οι μεταβλητές που συμπεριλήφθηκαν για να γίνει η οικονομετρική ανάλυση ήταν: η φαρμακευτική δαπάνη, τα χρέη-πληρωμές των νοσοκομείων κατά την προηγούμενη λογιστική περίοδο, τα έξοδα πρώτων υλών, τα έξοδα άυλων υλικών, οι λοιπές υποχρεώσεις, τααναλώσιμα υλικά καθώς και η ηλικία του πλυθησμού.
Αποτελέσματα: Τα εκτιμώμενα στοιχεία για την περίοδο 2013-2015, μας παρουσιάζουν μία εικόνα συνεχούς μείωσης των συνολικών δαπανών για την δημόσια υγεία. Χαρακτηριστική είναι η μείωση της δημόσιας φαρμακευτικής δαπάνης η οποία, κατά την εξεταζόμενη περίοδο υφίσταται μεγάλη πτώση.Εμφανείς είναι οι περικοπές στις υγειονομικές περιφέρειες της χώρας καθώς και οι συγχωνεύσεις τμημάτων και κλινικών. Τα στοιχεία αυτά συντελούν στην μείωση της δαπάνης της δημόσιας υγείας για την εξεταζόμενη περίοδο.
Συμπεράσματα: Το κύριο συμπέρασμα που προκύπτει από την παρούσα ανάλυσηείναι η συνεχής μείωση των δαπανών της δημόσιας υγείας στην Ελλάδα, ως απόρροια της οικονομικής κρίσης. Ηχώρα ήδη πριν από το ξέσπασμα της κρίσης δαπανούσε ένα πολύ μικρό μέρος των δαπανών της για την δημόσια υγεία (συγκριτικά με τις υπόλοιπες αναπτυγμένες χώρες της Ε.Ε.) σε σημείο που οι δαπάνες να συγκρίνονται με δαπάνες χωρών με μικρότερο βιοτικό επίπεδο. Μελλοντικά οι συνεχείς μειώσεις των δαπανών στην υγεία θα επιφέρουν μεγαλύτερες συνέπειες στο ήδη προβληματικό Ε.Σ.Υ. και στην υγεία του πληθυσμού.

Οι συνέπειες της κρίσης στον χώρο της υγείας. Συγκριτική μελέτη μεταξύ των Η.Π.Α και της Ελλάδας δυο χώρες που βίωσαν την οικονομική κρίση. - The Consequences of the Crisis in Health Sector. Comparative Study Between the U.S. and Greece, two Countries that Experienced the Economic Crisis, Dec 5, 2013

"Σκοπός: Ο σκοπός αυτής της έρευνας είναι να παρουσιάσει και να αναλύσει τις επιπτώσεις της κρίση... more "Σκοπός: Ο σκοπός αυτής της έρευνας είναι να παρουσιάσει και να αναλύσει τις επιπτώσεις της κρίσης στον τομέα της υγείας, συγκρίνοντας τις περιπτώσεις των Η.Π.Α. και της Ελλάδας. Δύο χώρες που βίωσαν (και εξακολουθούν να βιώνουν) έντονα την οικονομική κρίση. Υλικό-Μέθοδος: Η έρευνα εστίασε στις συνέπειες της ψυχικής και σωματικής υγείας, που δημιουργήθηκαν ως απόρροια της οικονομικής κρίσης. Τα στοιχεία παρατίθενται για τα έτη 2008-2012. Τα δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν από τους αρμόδιους φορείς και τα υπουργεία των δύο εξεταζόμενων χωρών. Μετά την παράθεση των ευρημάτων ακολουθεί η συγκριτική μέθοδος των δεδομένων των δύο χωρών, σχολιάζοντας και συμπεραίνοντας στο κόστος της οικονομικής κρίσης πάνω στην υγεία των πολιτών.
Αποτελέσματα: Τα αποτελέσματα για τη συγκριτική μελέτη των δύο χωρών απέδειξαν ότι όντως η οικονομική κρίση έχει συνέπειες τόσο στην ψυχική όσο και την σωματική υγεία των πολιτών. Κατά τη διάρκεια της κρίσης αυξήθηκαν οι ψυχικές ασθένειες, οι κρίσεις άγχους καθώς και τα αυτοάνοσα νοσήματα. Καθότι η σωματική και η ψυχική υγεία είναι αλληλένδετες παρατηρήθηκε η αύξηση των λεγόμενων παθήσεων της οικονομικής κρίσης. Οι παθήσεις αυτές παρουσιάστηκαν διαχρονικά σε περιόδους οικονομικής κρίσης και είναι οι καρδιοπάθειες, οι χρόνιες οσφυαλγίες, ο καρκίνος του στομάχους, του εντέρου και του πνεύμονα. Ακόμη η κύρωση του ύπατος και το άσθμα.
Συμπεράσματα:Τα συμπεράσματα που απορρέουν από την παρούσα έρευνα είναι ότι οι χώρες που πλήγηκαν από την οικονομική κρίση εκτός από τις οικονομικές επιπτώσεις, είχαν να αντιμετωπίσουν κοινωνικές και ψυχικές συνέπειες στην υγεία των πολιτών. Η μείωση της οικονομικής κατάστασης είναι άμεσα συνδεδεμένη με την αύξηση της ανεργίας, την μείωση της ανάπτυξης, την αύξηση των στρεσσογόνων διαταραχών, των διαταραχών της ψυχικής υγείας καθώς και μία σειρά προβλημάτων υγείας που προκύπτουν από αυτές.

The Impact of Crisis on the Health of Citizens and in Healthcare: The Case of Greece

On this paper is conducted a study on the procedure of Greece’s public finances, using three indi... more On this paper is conducted a study on the procedure of Greece’s public finances, using three indicators that reflect the future fiscal condition of this country and the impact that will have on society. The indicators we used are: Public Debt (as percentage of G.D.P.), Current Account Balance (as percentage of G.D.P.) and Indirect Taxes (as share of G.D.P.). The estimations were made with the use of econometric models for the period 2013 to 2017.Along with the estimation of Public Debt (as percentage of G.D.P.), we proceed to an estimation of primary surplus/deficit of the country. Afterwards we present estimated data related to unemployment, direct taxes and inflation, presenting the relationship with the indicators that were estimated. The case of Greece has all the background makings for a complete experiment,presenting an economy with a large public debt. A small economy like Greece which has a relatively small manufacturing and industrial sector and deep recession, should address the big problems of debt accumulation. To accomplish this, Greece will not avoid the solution of the lending and finding revenue through increased taxation. In the end we make some useful conclusions Greece’s next day and prospect for a sustainable and competitive economy.

An Econometric Estimation of Public Finances in Greece and its Effect on Society

The Impact of Crisis on the Health of Citizens and in Healthcare: The Case of Greece. Organization: Macrotheme

The Impact of Crisis on the Health of Citizens and in Healthcare: The Case of Greece

On this paper is conducted a study on the procedure of Greece’s public finances, using three indi... more On this paper is conducted a study on the procedure of Greece’s public finances, using three indicators that reflect the future fiscal condition of this country and the impact that will have on society. The indicators we used are: Public Debt (as percentage of G.D.P.), Current Account Balance (as percentage of G.D.P.) and Indirect Taxes (as share of G.D.P.). The estimations were made with the use of econometric models for the period 2013 to 2017.Along with the estimation of Public Debt (as percentage of G.D.P.), we proceed to an estimation of primary surplus/deficit of the country. Afterwards we present estimated data related to unemployment, direct taxes and inflation, presenting the relationship with the indicators that were estimated. The case of Greece has all the background makings for a complete experiment,presenting an economy with a large public debt. A small economy like Greece which has a relatively small manufacturing and industrial sector and deep recession, should address the big problems of debt accumulation. To accomplish this, Greece will not avoid the solution of the lending and finding revenue through increased taxation. In the end we make some useful conclusions Greece’s next day and prospect for a sustainable and competitive economy.