Anil Mandhani - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Anil Mandhani

British Journal of Urology

Indian Journal of Cancer

BACKGROUND: Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are active in the detoxification of wide variety of... more BACKGROUND: Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are active in the detoxification of wide variety of endogenous or exogenous carcinogens. The genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes have been studied earlier to evaluate the relative risk of various cancers. AIM, SETTING AND DESIGN: In the present study, we examined the association of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms with sporadic prostate cancer patients in north Indian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This case control study was undertaken over a period of 24 months and included 103 prostate cancer patients and 117 controls; both patients and controls originated from northern part of India. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes were identified by multiplex PCR in peripheral blood DNA samples. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Difference in genotype prevalence and association between case and control group were assessed by the Chi square and Fisher Exact tests. RESULTS: Frequencies of null genotypes in GSTT1 and GSTM1, was 11% (13/117) and 3...

The Indian journal of medical research, 2014

The characteristics of prostate specific antigen (PSA) for trans-rectal ultrasonography guided pr... more The characteristics of prostate specific antigen (PSA) for trans-rectal ultrasonography guided prostate biopsy in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are not well defined. This study was carried out to analyse the threshold of PSA for biopsy in symptomatic men in India. From January 2000 to June 2011, consecutive patients who had digital rectal examination (DRE) and PSA testing done for LUTS were included in this study. PSA was done with ELISA technique. Patients with acute or chronic prostatitis, prostatic abscess, history of surgery on prostate within the previous three months and patients on 5α-reductase inhibitors or on urethral catheter were excluded. Of the 4702 patients evaluated, 70.9 per cent had PSA of less than 4 ng/ml and 29.1 per cent had PSA of more than 4 ng/ml. Of these, 875 men with a mean age of 65.72±7.4 (range 50-75 yr) had trans rectal ultrasonography (TRUS) guided biopsy. Twenty five men had biopsy at PSA level of <4 ng/ml due to positive DRE, 263 a...

Indian journal of cancer

RCC (Renal Cell Carcinoma) is a common genitourinary malignancy, but its behavior has not been st... more RCC (Renal Cell Carcinoma) is a common genitourinary malignancy, but its behavior has not been studied in the Indian Subpopulation. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of 1997 AJCC TNM staging in Indian subpopulation and also to identify independent predictors for survival in patients having RCC. Retrospective uncontrolled analysis of patients with RCC was performed at our centre. Medical records of patients of undergoing radical nephrectomy at our center between 1994 to August 2003 were identified retrospectively. Medical records of 178 patients were available for analysis. Patient characteristics, preoperative imaging and surgical details were reviewed. Each tumor was staged according to the 1997 AJCC TNM classification. Nuclear grade was assigned according to the Fuhrman's grading system. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software and descriptive statistics and survival functions were obtained. Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors af...

Indian journal of cancer

The main objective was to determine the clinical and radiological features of metanephric neoplas... more The main objective was to determine the clinical and radiological features of metanephric neoplasms. The tumors were diagnosed on histopathological examination. The clinical data and imaging features were retrospectively analyzed. Between 1998 and 2003, 3 patients underwent radical nephrectomy for renal masses turning out as metanephric neoplasms on histopathology. Two of these tumors were metanephric adenoma (MA) and one was metanephric adenofibroma (MAF). Clinical and radiological features were reviewed. All patients were adult females who presented with flank pain. Tumor was detected on screening ultrasound as a hyperechoic lesion. In all cases CT showed a hyper-attenuating exophytic lesion with cystic areas that enhanced with IV contrast. Based on combination of clinical and imaging features it may be possible to prospectively identify metanephric neoplasms and thus avoid unnecessary radical nephrectomy in favor of conservative surgery.

The Indian journal of medical research, 1997

The population of aged people is increasing in number all over the world along with the problems ... more The population of aged people is increasing in number all over the world along with the problems associated with senescence. The functional and morphological changes that occur with ageing are accompanied by an increased risk of certain conditions like drug-induced nephrotoxicity and acute tubular necrosis. Elderly patients of end-stage renal disease can undergo renal replacement therapy with acceptably good results. If free from any medical and other illnesses, elderly persons can be considered for kidney donation without any increased risk for surgery or anaesthesia. However, such kidneys are functionally not as good as kidneys from young individuals. Prostatic diseases like prostatic hyperplasia and cancer are more a concern of the aged than the younger population. Besides, there is an apprehension about the increased risk of anaesthesia due to the frequent presence of other co-existent illnesses in the senile population. Less morbid therapeutic methods are available to deal with...

Urologia Internationalis, 2007

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ureteroscopy for lower ureteric stones withou... more The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ureteroscopy for lower ureteric stones without the use of fluoroscopy. Between June 2001 and January 2005, a total of 110 patients with a mean age of 33.5 years (range 12-65) suffering from of lower ureteral calculi (below the upper margin of the sacroiliac joint) prospectively underwent ureteroscopic removal. Retrograde pyelography was avoided, and no safety guidewire was placed. Whenever required, the ureteric meatus was dilated with a ureteric balloon under direct vision. Double-J stent placement was done with the aid of ureteroscopy. A fluoroscope was kept standby. The patients had a postoperative X-ray of the kidney-ureter-bladder region to document the stone clearance. The mean stone size was 8.7 mm (range 6-15). Complete clearance without the use of fluoroscopy was achieved in 99 patients (94.2%). Fluoroscopy was required in 6 patients (4%) for calcified stricture (n = 1), duplex system (n = 1), narrow and tortuous meatus causing difficulty in passing the 5-Fr balloon dilator (n = 3), and confirmation of spontaneous passage of the stone (n = 1). Of the 13 patients who required balloon dilatation it was successfully achieved without fluoroscopy. Double-J stenting was done due to mucosal ulceration (n = 3), polypoid reaction (n = 2), and perforation (n = 1). All these patients had correct placement of the stent, as confirmed by X-ray of the kidney-ureter-bladder region postoperatively. To uphold the notion for radiation exposure to be as low as reasonably achievable, ureteroscopic stone retrieval can safely be done without the use of fluoroscopy in a significant number of patients.

BMC urology, 2005

Carcinoma of urinary bladder is one of the leading causes of death in India. Successful treatment... more Carcinoma of urinary bladder is one of the leading causes of death in India. Successful treatment of bladder cancer depends on the early detection & specific diagnostic approaches. In the present study, microsatellite instability (MSI) has been evaluated as a prognostic marker in patients with superficial urinary bladder cancer in lower urinary tract for determining risk of recurrence. A total of 44 patients with bladder tumors diagnosed with Transitional Cell Carcinomas [TCC] from lower urinary tract were selected for the study. Tumors were staged and graded according to AJCC-UICC (1997) classification and patients were followed with cystoscopy as per the protocol. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to amplify microsatellite sequences at mononucleotide BAT - 26, BAT - 40, TGFbeta RII, IGFIIR, hMSH3, BAX and dinucleotide D2S123, D9S283, D9S1851 and D18S58 loci in blood (control) and tumor DNA. PCR products were separated on 8% denaturing polyacrylamide gel and visualized by au...

International braz j urol, 2004

The Canadian journal of urology, 2008

Prostate cancer is common around the world, but rates of advanced disease differ substantially by... more Prostate cancer is common around the world, but rates of advanced disease differ substantially by race and geography. Although a major health issue, little is known about prostate cancer presentation in West Africa and India compared to the United States (US). The aim of this study was to compare prostate tumor characteristics in four populations of men from the US, Senegal and India. We recruited prostate cancer patients from four hospital-based populations. The sample included 338 African-Americans, 1265 European-Americans, 122 Asian Indians, and 72 Senegalese. Questionnaire and medical record data were collected on each participant. We found significant differences in age at diagnosis, BMI, and PSA levels across the groups. Senegalese and Indian men had a higher probability of high stage (T3/T4) disease compared to US men. Gleason grade was significantly higher in Asian Indians compared to other populations. African-Americans, Senegalese, and Asian Indians had a significantly hig...

Urologia Internationalis, 2004

Hydatid disease is an infestation caused in humans by the larval forms of Taenia echinococcus. Is... more Hydatid disease is an infestation caused in humans by the larval forms of Taenia echinococcus. Isolated renal hydatid cyst is rare with a frequency of 2-4% of hydatid disease. Infection of hydatid cyst is a very rare condition. We describe a rare case of isolated renal hydatid cyst presenting as perinephric and iliopsoas abscess and discuss the dilemma in diagnosis and its management.

The Indian journal of medical research, 2014

Clinical spectrum of most of the diseases in developing countries is different from the west. Sim... more Clinical spectrum of most of the diseases in developing countries is different from the west. Similarly whether renal cell carcinomas (RCC) in a developing country like India is seen in the same spectrum in relation to the age at presentation as in the west is not described in the literature. This study was carried out to investigate the spectrum of RCC in India with regards to age of onset, stage at presentation and survival. Patients with renal tumour, treated between January 2000 to December 2012 in a tertiary care hospital in north India, were analyzed for age at presentation, clinical features and histopathological characteristics. Clinical diagnosis was made by contrast enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) scans and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Renal masses diagnosed as angiomyolipoma, infective masses and hydatid cysts were excluded from the analysis. Impact of various age groups on gender, tumour size, TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, histopathological subtypes, lymph no...

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP

Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are active in the detoxification of wide variety of endogenous ... more Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are active in the detoxification of wide variety of endogenous or exogenous carcinogens and genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and GSTP1 genes have been studied extensively to evaluate the relative risk of various cancers. In the present study, we examined associations with CYP2E1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms in sporadic bladder cancers from North Indian patients. The subjects were 106 bladder cancer (Ca-B) cases and 162 age-matched controls. The GSTP1 313 A/G polymorphism was determined by the PCR/RFLP method using peripheral blood DNA. Binary Logistic Regression Model was used for assessing differences in genotype prevalence and their associations between patient and the control group. We observed a non-significant association in Pst1 polymorphism of the CYP2E1 gene; though the A/G genotype (OR = 2.69, 95% CI=1.57- 4.59, P= 0.000) and G/G genotype (OR = 7.68, 95% CI=2.77- 21.26, P= 0.000) of the GSTP1 gene polymorphism alone or in combination with to...

Urologia Internationalis, 2009

To report the safety, efficacy and versatility of laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LPP) in treatment of ... more To report the safety, efficacy and versatility of laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LPP) in treatment of pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO). From January 2002 to November 2006, 185 patients (186 units; 182 with primary and 4 with secondary PUJO) underwent LPP (transperitoneal approach in 184; retroperitoneal approach in 2). A double J stent was placed antegradely in 121 (68.4%) units, cystoscopically in 50 units (28.2%), and 6 units (3.4%) were stentless. Patients were followed up clinically, with additional diuretic renogram. Surgery was completed laparoscopically in 177 units, and conversion was required in 9 (4.8%) units. Pyeloplasty was dismembered in 143 units, Foley YV plasty in 26 units, and Fenger pyeloplasty in 8 units. The median estimated blood loss, operative time and hospital stay were 50 ml, 180 min and 4 days, respectively. Overall, 18 (9.6%) patients had complications. Improvements in drainage patterns of 167 out of 177 units (94.3%) were shown on a renal scan at a median follow-up of 39 months (range: 3-63 months). LPP is a safe, effective and versatile method for treatment of PUJO, which is applicable to all age groups, even in the presence of secondary stones, crossing vessels and secondary PUJO.

Urologia Internationalis, 2012

Isolated renal zygomycosis is a life-threatening infection and difficult to diagnose ante mortem ... more Isolated renal zygomycosis is a life-threatening infection and difficult to diagnose ante mortem due to varied presentations. Most reports in the literature are case reports. We are presenting our experience of 10 patients. Retrospective data of 10 consecutive patients with primary renal zygomycosis, including 2 post-transplant patients, in our tertiary care center was analyzed. Epidemiological characteristics, predisposing conditions, clinical presentation, diagnostic findings and treatment outcomes were recorded. Characteristic radiological findings were recorded. Localized disease was managed by supportive treatment or percutaneous drainage and extensive disease with unilateral or bilateral nephrectomy. Renal involvement was confirmed in all patients by histopathology. The mean age of presentation was 35 years. Five patients who had bilateral renal involvement presented with oliguric acute renal failure, hematuria and abdominal pain. Three had unilateral renal disease and presented with flank pain and fever. The two post-transplant patients presented with fever and graft dysfunction. Even after aggressive treatment 5 patients died, accounting for a mortality rate of 50%. Isolated renal zygomycosis can be diagnosed with typical radiological findings, combined with clinical, laboratory and histopathological features. This study describes the newer ante mortem radiological diagnostic criteria and prognostic predictors of the disease.

Urology, 2005

To evaluate the severe hemorrhagic complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) and their ... more To evaluate the severe hemorrhagic complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) and their management and to analyze the predictive factors. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1854 patients who had undergone PNL for removal of renal calculi at our institute between 1993 and 2003. All patients were resuscitated with intravenous fluids and blood transfusions. Patients in whom bleeding did not respond to conservative means underwent angiography and subsequent embolization. Multivariate analyses were done to determine the various factors responsible for the occurrence of these lesions. Of the 1854 patients, 27 (1.4%), with a mean age of 38.6 years (range 19 to 63) required angiography and/or embolization for bleeding control. The mean time to the onset of hemorrhage was 8 days (range 2 to 18). Renal arteriography revealed pseudoaneurysm in 13, arteriovenous fistula in 6, a combination of both in 4, lumbar artery injury in 1, and no lesion in 3 patients. In 22 patients, successful embolization of the offending vessel was achieved and in 2 the hematuria recurred. These 2 patients underwent repeat angiography and embolization of the lesion. Metallic coils were used in 13, Gelfoam in 5, and coils and Gelfoam in 8 patients. On multivariate analysis, only stone size was the significant factor predicting for the occurrence of these vascular complications. Severe hematuria is a rare complication of PNL that can be successfully managed with angioembolization. Our results indicated that stone size significantly predicted for the occurrence of lesions in patients undergoing PNL for symptomatic stone disease.

Urologia Internationalis, 2004

Primary amyloidosis of the genitourinary tract is a rare clinical entity with an excellent progno... more Primary amyloidosis of the genitourinary tract is a rare clinical entity with an excellent prognosis in most cases. It is of interest to the urologist as it mimics malignancy. The definitive diagnosis is made on histologic examination and by excluding secondary causes of amyloidosis. We present 4 patients with primary localized amyloidosis of the genitourinary tract who were treated with transurethral resections alone with satisfactory outcome.

British Journal of Urology

Indian Journal of Cancer

BACKGROUND: Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are active in the detoxification of wide variety of... more BACKGROUND: Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are active in the detoxification of wide variety of endogenous or exogenous carcinogens. The genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes have been studied earlier to evaluate the relative risk of various cancers. AIM, SETTING AND DESIGN: In the present study, we examined the association of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms with sporadic prostate cancer patients in north Indian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This case control study was undertaken over a period of 24 months and included 103 prostate cancer patients and 117 controls; both patients and controls originated from northern part of India. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes were identified by multiplex PCR in peripheral blood DNA samples. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Difference in genotype prevalence and association between case and control group were assessed by the Chi square and Fisher Exact tests. RESULTS: Frequencies of null genotypes in GSTT1 and GSTM1, was 11% (13/117) and 3...

The Indian journal of medical research, 2014

The characteristics of prostate specific antigen (PSA) for trans-rectal ultrasonography guided pr... more The characteristics of prostate specific antigen (PSA) for trans-rectal ultrasonography guided prostate biopsy in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are not well defined. This study was carried out to analyse the threshold of PSA for biopsy in symptomatic men in India. From January 2000 to June 2011, consecutive patients who had digital rectal examination (DRE) and PSA testing done for LUTS were included in this study. PSA was done with ELISA technique. Patients with acute or chronic prostatitis, prostatic abscess, history of surgery on prostate within the previous three months and patients on 5α-reductase inhibitors or on urethral catheter were excluded. Of the 4702 patients evaluated, 70.9 per cent had PSA of less than 4 ng/ml and 29.1 per cent had PSA of more than 4 ng/ml. Of these, 875 men with a mean age of 65.72±7.4 (range 50-75 yr) had trans rectal ultrasonography (TRUS) guided biopsy. Twenty five men had biopsy at PSA level of <4 ng/ml due to positive DRE, 263 a...

Indian journal of cancer

RCC (Renal Cell Carcinoma) is a common genitourinary malignancy, but its behavior has not been st... more RCC (Renal Cell Carcinoma) is a common genitourinary malignancy, but its behavior has not been studied in the Indian Subpopulation. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of 1997 AJCC TNM staging in Indian subpopulation and also to identify independent predictors for survival in patients having RCC. Retrospective uncontrolled analysis of patients with RCC was performed at our centre. Medical records of patients of undergoing radical nephrectomy at our center between 1994 to August 2003 were identified retrospectively. Medical records of 178 patients were available for analysis. Patient characteristics, preoperative imaging and surgical details were reviewed. Each tumor was staged according to the 1997 AJCC TNM classification. Nuclear grade was assigned according to the Fuhrman's grading system. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical software and descriptive statistics and survival functions were obtained. Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors af...

Indian journal of cancer

The main objective was to determine the clinical and radiological features of metanephric neoplas... more The main objective was to determine the clinical and radiological features of metanephric neoplasms. The tumors were diagnosed on histopathological examination. The clinical data and imaging features were retrospectively analyzed. Between 1998 and 2003, 3 patients underwent radical nephrectomy for renal masses turning out as metanephric neoplasms on histopathology. Two of these tumors were metanephric adenoma (MA) and one was metanephric adenofibroma (MAF). Clinical and radiological features were reviewed. All patients were adult females who presented with flank pain. Tumor was detected on screening ultrasound as a hyperechoic lesion. In all cases CT showed a hyper-attenuating exophytic lesion with cystic areas that enhanced with IV contrast. Based on combination of clinical and imaging features it may be possible to prospectively identify metanephric neoplasms and thus avoid unnecessary radical nephrectomy in favor of conservative surgery.

The Indian journal of medical research, 1997

The population of aged people is increasing in number all over the world along with the problems ... more The population of aged people is increasing in number all over the world along with the problems associated with senescence. The functional and morphological changes that occur with ageing are accompanied by an increased risk of certain conditions like drug-induced nephrotoxicity and acute tubular necrosis. Elderly patients of end-stage renal disease can undergo renal replacement therapy with acceptably good results. If free from any medical and other illnesses, elderly persons can be considered for kidney donation without any increased risk for surgery or anaesthesia. However, such kidneys are functionally not as good as kidneys from young individuals. Prostatic diseases like prostatic hyperplasia and cancer are more a concern of the aged than the younger population. Besides, there is an apprehension about the increased risk of anaesthesia due to the frequent presence of other co-existent illnesses in the senile population. Less morbid therapeutic methods are available to deal with...

Urologia Internationalis, 2007

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ureteroscopy for lower ureteric stones withou... more The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ureteroscopy for lower ureteric stones without the use of fluoroscopy. Between June 2001 and January 2005, a total of 110 patients with a mean age of 33.5 years (range 12-65) suffering from of lower ureteral calculi (below the upper margin of the sacroiliac joint) prospectively underwent ureteroscopic removal. Retrograde pyelography was avoided, and no safety guidewire was placed. Whenever required, the ureteric meatus was dilated with a ureteric balloon under direct vision. Double-J stent placement was done with the aid of ureteroscopy. A fluoroscope was kept standby. The patients had a postoperative X-ray of the kidney-ureter-bladder region to document the stone clearance. The mean stone size was 8.7 mm (range 6-15). Complete clearance without the use of fluoroscopy was achieved in 99 patients (94.2%). Fluoroscopy was required in 6 patients (4%) for calcified stricture (n = 1), duplex system (n = 1), narrow and tortuous meatus causing difficulty in passing the 5-Fr balloon dilator (n = 3), and confirmation of spontaneous passage of the stone (n = 1). Of the 13 patients who required balloon dilatation it was successfully achieved without fluoroscopy. Double-J stenting was done due to mucosal ulceration (n = 3), polypoid reaction (n = 2), and perforation (n = 1). All these patients had correct placement of the stent, as confirmed by X-ray of the kidney-ureter-bladder region postoperatively. To uphold the notion for radiation exposure to be as low as reasonably achievable, ureteroscopic stone retrieval can safely be done without the use of fluoroscopy in a significant number of patients.

BMC urology, 2005

Carcinoma of urinary bladder is one of the leading causes of death in India. Successful treatment... more Carcinoma of urinary bladder is one of the leading causes of death in India. Successful treatment of bladder cancer depends on the early detection & specific diagnostic approaches. In the present study, microsatellite instability (MSI) has been evaluated as a prognostic marker in patients with superficial urinary bladder cancer in lower urinary tract for determining risk of recurrence. A total of 44 patients with bladder tumors diagnosed with Transitional Cell Carcinomas [TCC] from lower urinary tract were selected for the study. Tumors were staged and graded according to AJCC-UICC (1997) classification and patients were followed with cystoscopy as per the protocol. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to amplify microsatellite sequences at mononucleotide BAT - 26, BAT - 40, TGFbeta RII, IGFIIR, hMSH3, BAX and dinucleotide D2S123, D9S283, D9S1851 and D18S58 loci in blood (control) and tumor DNA. PCR products were separated on 8% denaturing polyacrylamide gel and visualized by au...

International braz j urol, 2004

The Canadian journal of urology, 2008

Prostate cancer is common around the world, but rates of advanced disease differ substantially by... more Prostate cancer is common around the world, but rates of advanced disease differ substantially by race and geography. Although a major health issue, little is known about prostate cancer presentation in West Africa and India compared to the United States (US). The aim of this study was to compare prostate tumor characteristics in four populations of men from the US, Senegal and India. We recruited prostate cancer patients from four hospital-based populations. The sample included 338 African-Americans, 1265 European-Americans, 122 Asian Indians, and 72 Senegalese. Questionnaire and medical record data were collected on each participant. We found significant differences in age at diagnosis, BMI, and PSA levels across the groups. Senegalese and Indian men had a higher probability of high stage (T3/T4) disease compared to US men. Gleason grade was significantly higher in Asian Indians compared to other populations. African-Americans, Senegalese, and Asian Indians had a significantly hig...

Urologia Internationalis, 2004

Hydatid disease is an infestation caused in humans by the larval forms of Taenia echinococcus. Is... more Hydatid disease is an infestation caused in humans by the larval forms of Taenia echinococcus. Isolated renal hydatid cyst is rare with a frequency of 2-4% of hydatid disease. Infection of hydatid cyst is a very rare condition. We describe a rare case of isolated renal hydatid cyst presenting as perinephric and iliopsoas abscess and discuss the dilemma in diagnosis and its management.

The Indian journal of medical research, 2014

Clinical spectrum of most of the diseases in developing countries is different from the west. Sim... more Clinical spectrum of most of the diseases in developing countries is different from the west. Similarly whether renal cell carcinomas (RCC) in a developing country like India is seen in the same spectrum in relation to the age at presentation as in the west is not described in the literature. This study was carried out to investigate the spectrum of RCC in India with regards to age of onset, stage at presentation and survival. Patients with renal tumour, treated between January 2000 to December 2012 in a tertiary care hospital in north India, were analyzed for age at presentation, clinical features and histopathological characteristics. Clinical diagnosis was made by contrast enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) scans and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Renal masses diagnosed as angiomyolipoma, infective masses and hydatid cysts were excluded from the analysis. Impact of various age groups on gender, tumour size, TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, histopathological subtypes, lymph no...

Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP

Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are active in the detoxification of wide variety of endogenous ... more Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are active in the detoxification of wide variety of endogenous or exogenous carcinogens and genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and GSTP1 genes have been studied extensively to evaluate the relative risk of various cancers. In the present study, we examined associations with CYP2E1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms in sporadic bladder cancers from North Indian patients. The subjects were 106 bladder cancer (Ca-B) cases and 162 age-matched controls. The GSTP1 313 A/G polymorphism was determined by the PCR/RFLP method using peripheral blood DNA. Binary Logistic Regression Model was used for assessing differences in genotype prevalence and their associations between patient and the control group. We observed a non-significant association in Pst1 polymorphism of the CYP2E1 gene; though the A/G genotype (OR = 2.69, 95% CI=1.57- 4.59, P= 0.000) and G/G genotype (OR = 7.68, 95% CI=2.77- 21.26, P= 0.000) of the GSTP1 gene polymorphism alone or in combination with to...

Urologia Internationalis, 2009

To report the safety, efficacy and versatility of laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LPP) in treatment of ... more To report the safety, efficacy and versatility of laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LPP) in treatment of pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO). From January 2002 to November 2006, 185 patients (186 units; 182 with primary and 4 with secondary PUJO) underwent LPP (transperitoneal approach in 184; retroperitoneal approach in 2). A double J stent was placed antegradely in 121 (68.4%) units, cystoscopically in 50 units (28.2%), and 6 units (3.4%) were stentless. Patients were followed up clinically, with additional diuretic renogram. Surgery was completed laparoscopically in 177 units, and conversion was required in 9 (4.8%) units. Pyeloplasty was dismembered in 143 units, Foley YV plasty in 26 units, and Fenger pyeloplasty in 8 units. The median estimated blood loss, operative time and hospital stay were 50 ml, 180 min and 4 days, respectively. Overall, 18 (9.6%) patients had complications. Improvements in drainage patterns of 167 out of 177 units (94.3%) were shown on a renal scan at a median follow-up of 39 months (range: 3-63 months). LPP is a safe, effective and versatile method for treatment of PUJO, which is applicable to all age groups, even in the presence of secondary stones, crossing vessels and secondary PUJO.

Urologia Internationalis, 2012

Isolated renal zygomycosis is a life-threatening infection and difficult to diagnose ante mortem ... more Isolated renal zygomycosis is a life-threatening infection and difficult to diagnose ante mortem due to varied presentations. Most reports in the literature are case reports. We are presenting our experience of 10 patients. Retrospective data of 10 consecutive patients with primary renal zygomycosis, including 2 post-transplant patients, in our tertiary care center was analyzed. Epidemiological characteristics, predisposing conditions, clinical presentation, diagnostic findings and treatment outcomes were recorded. Characteristic radiological findings were recorded. Localized disease was managed by supportive treatment or percutaneous drainage and extensive disease with unilateral or bilateral nephrectomy. Renal involvement was confirmed in all patients by histopathology. The mean age of presentation was 35 years. Five patients who had bilateral renal involvement presented with oliguric acute renal failure, hematuria and abdominal pain. Three had unilateral renal disease and presented with flank pain and fever. The two post-transplant patients presented with fever and graft dysfunction. Even after aggressive treatment 5 patients died, accounting for a mortality rate of 50%. Isolated renal zygomycosis can be diagnosed with typical radiological findings, combined with clinical, laboratory and histopathological features. This study describes the newer ante mortem radiological diagnostic criteria and prognostic predictors of the disease.

Urology, 2005

To evaluate the severe hemorrhagic complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) and their ... more To evaluate the severe hemorrhagic complications of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) and their management and to analyze the predictive factors. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1854 patients who had undergone PNL for removal of renal calculi at our institute between 1993 and 2003. All patients were resuscitated with intravenous fluids and blood transfusions. Patients in whom bleeding did not respond to conservative means underwent angiography and subsequent embolization. Multivariate analyses were done to determine the various factors responsible for the occurrence of these lesions. Of the 1854 patients, 27 (1.4%), with a mean age of 38.6 years (range 19 to 63) required angiography and/or embolization for bleeding control. The mean time to the onset of hemorrhage was 8 days (range 2 to 18). Renal arteriography revealed pseudoaneurysm in 13, arteriovenous fistula in 6, a combination of both in 4, lumbar artery injury in 1, and no lesion in 3 patients. In 22 patients, successful embolization of the offending vessel was achieved and in 2 the hematuria recurred. These 2 patients underwent repeat angiography and embolization of the lesion. Metallic coils were used in 13, Gelfoam in 5, and coils and Gelfoam in 8 patients. On multivariate analysis, only stone size was the significant factor predicting for the occurrence of these vascular complications. Severe hematuria is a rare complication of PNL that can be successfully managed with angioembolization. Our results indicated that stone size significantly predicted for the occurrence of lesions in patients undergoing PNL for symptomatic stone disease.

Urologia Internationalis, 2004

Primary amyloidosis of the genitourinary tract is a rare clinical entity with an excellent progno... more Primary amyloidosis of the genitourinary tract is a rare clinical entity with an excellent prognosis in most cases. It is of interest to the urologist as it mimics malignancy. The definitive diagnosis is made on histologic examination and by excluding secondary causes of amyloidosis. We present 4 patients with primary localized amyloidosis of the genitourinary tract who were treated with transurethral resections alone with satisfactory outcome.