Animesh Gain - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Animesh Gain

Research paper thumbnail of Flood Loss Models and Risk Analysis for Private Households in Can Tho City, Vietnam

Water, 2017

Vietnam has a long history and experience with floods. Flood risk is expected to increase further... more Vietnam has a long history and experience with floods. Flood risk is expected to increase further due to climatic, land use and other global changes. Can Tho City, the cultural and economic center of the Mekong delta in Vietnam, is at high risk of flooding. To improve flood risk analyses for Vietnam, this study presents novel multi-variable flood loss models for residential buildings and contents and demonstrates their application in a flood risk assessment for the inner city of Can Tho. Cross-validation reveals that decision tree based loss models using the three input variables water depth, flood duration and floor space of building are more appropriate for estimating building and contents loss in comparison with depth-damage functions. The flood risk assessment reveals a median expected annual flood damage to private households of US$3340 thousand for the inner city of Can Tho. This is approximately 2.5% of the total annual income of households in the study area. For damage reduction improved flood risk management is required for the Mekong Delta, based on reliable damage and risk analyses.

Research paper thumbnail of Multi-Variate Analyses of Flood Loss in Can Tho City, Mekong Delta

Water, 2015

Floods in the Mekong delta are recurring events and cause substantial losses to the economy. Sea ... more Floods in the Mekong delta are recurring events and cause substantial losses to the economy. Sea level rise and increasing precipitation during the wet season result in more frequent floods. For effective flood risk management, reliable losses and risk analyses are necessary. However, knowledge about damaging processes and robust assessments of flood losses in the Mekong delta are scarce. In order to fill this gap, we identify and quantify the effects of the most important variables determining flood losses in Can Tho city through multi-variate statistical analyses. Our analysis is limited to the losses of residential buildings and contents. Results reveal that under the specific flooding characteristics in the Mekong delta with relatively well-adapted households, long inundation durations and shallow water depths, inundation duration is more important than water depth for the resulting loss. However, also building and content values, floor space of buildings and building quality are important loss-determining variables. Human activities like undertaking precautionary measures also influence flood losses. The results are important for improving flood loss modelling and, consequently, flood risk assessments in the Mekong delta.

Research paper thumbnail of Water Governance in a Comparative Perspective: From IWRM to a'Nexus' Approach?

Nexus thinking, in the form of integrating water security with agriculture, energy and climate co... more Nexus thinking, in the form of integrating water security with agriculture, energy and climate concerns, is normatively argued to help better transition societies towards greener economies and the wider goal of sustainable development. Yet several issues emerge from the current debate surrounding this concept, namely the extent to which such conceptualisations are genuinely novel, whether they complement (or are replacing) existing environmental governance approaches and how-if deemed normatively desirable-the nexus can be enhanced in national contexts. This paper therefore reviews the burgeoning nexus literature to determine some common indicative criteria before examining its implementation in practice vis-à-vis more established integrated water resources management (IWRM) models. Evidence from two divergent national contexts, the UK and Bangladesh, suggests that the nexus has not usurped IWRM, while integration between water, energy, climate and agricultural policy objectives is generally limited. Scope for greater merging of nexus thinking within IWRM is then discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Can Integrated Water Resources Management Increase Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change Adaptation? A Critical Review

Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2013

Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is now a global paradigm. While conceptions of IWRM ... more Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is now a global paradigm. While conceptions of IWRM principles vary between contexts, it primarily aims to ensure more coordinated management between different aspects of water issues such as water quality, land management and habitat protection. However, one increasingly significant cross-cutting management issue is climate change adaptation which presents multiple problems for IWRM approaches. This paper therefore seeks to gauge the extent to which IWRM principles can, and indeed are, enhancing the adaptive capacity of water management through reducing vulnerability and increasing the resilience of social-ecological systems. A review of research into vulnerability and resilience to date suggests that IWRM has significant potential for supporting some of the key determinants of adaptive capacity. However, despite IWRM being promoted as an attractive approach, our assessment argues that IWRM, as currently practiced, cannot readily enhance flexibility and adaptability, which is required for climate change adaptation. Normative recommendations for future policy are then provided.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating IWRM implementation success: are water policies in Bangladesh enhancing adaptive capacity to climate change impacts?

International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2014

The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms &

Research paper thumbnail of Adaptation to river bank erosion induced displacement in Koyra Upazila of Bangladesh

Progress in Disaster Science, 2019

River bank erosion negatively affects on people and their livelihood with their economic, social ... more River bank erosion negatively affects on people and their livelihood with their economic, social and psychological distress increasing over the time. Most of the people are vulnerable and their economic condition are fragile for internally displaced in Dakshin Bedkashi, Choramukha and Ghorilal villages of Koyra riverine area of Khulna district. Mixed research methods including quantitative and qualitative approach was applied by survey method, Key Informant Interview (KII), and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to collect information. Most of the people do not exists sustainable livelihood framework (SLF) due to the acute poverty for river erosion. About 82.49% respondents' house were fully damaged and 26.27% respondents live besides the roads and embankments due to erosion. About 85.02% respondents were internally displaced/migrated or becoming homeless due to Kapothaksma and Shakbaria river erosion. About 76.27% respondents' occupational status were affected severely, 48.39% changed their livelihood and engaged with catching fish, 28.34% households suffer tremendous food crisis, 36.18% respondents' income is decreasing, 32.02% loss their land, and 91.94% respondents suffer psychological stress like anxiety, depression, dizziness, insomnia, unsteady gait, post traumatic stress disorder, somatoform etc. due to river erosion. About 94.24% and 34.10% respondents cope up, adjusted or adapted by reducing meals and extra workload. 75.58% respondents borrowed money from GO, NGOs, Mahajon, Cooperatives , and Relatives with high interest. 81.11% and 33.64% respondents adjusted or adapted by decreasing rate of school going children and adjusted through drop out their child from formal education due to river erosion. In this paper, it is observed as risk that river bank erosion is causal factors of migration, vulnerability and hindrances of rural socioeconomic , cultural, psychological and environmental development. The people who affected by river bank erosion immediately migrate for safe shelter and later permanently for survival.

Research paper thumbnail of Flood Loss Models and Risk Analysis for Private Households in Can Tho City, Vietnam

Water, 2017

Vietnam has a long history and experience with floods. Flood risk is expected to increase further... more Vietnam has a long history and experience with floods. Flood risk is expected to increase further due to climatic, land use and other global changes. Can Tho City, the cultural and economic center of the Mekong delta in Vietnam, is at high risk of flooding. To improve flood risk analyses for Vietnam, this study presents novel multi-variable flood loss models for residential buildings and contents and demonstrates their application in a flood risk assessment for the inner city of Can Tho. Cross-validation reveals that decision tree based loss models using the three input variables water depth, flood duration and floor space of building are more appropriate for estimating building and contents loss in comparison with depth-damage functions. The flood risk assessment reveals a median expected annual flood damage to private households of US$3340 thousand for the inner city of Can Tho. This is approximately 2.5% of the total annual income of households in the study area. For damage reduction improved flood risk management is required for the Mekong Delta, based on reliable damage and risk analyses.

Research paper thumbnail of Multi-Variate Analyses of Flood Loss in Can Tho City, Mekong Delta

Water, 2015

Floods in the Mekong delta are recurring events and cause substantial losses to the economy. Sea ... more Floods in the Mekong delta are recurring events and cause substantial losses to the economy. Sea level rise and increasing precipitation during the wet season result in more frequent floods. For effective flood risk management, reliable losses and risk analyses are necessary. However, knowledge about damaging processes and robust assessments of flood losses in the Mekong delta are scarce. In order to fill this gap, we identify and quantify the effects of the most important variables determining flood losses in Can Tho city through multi-variate statistical analyses. Our analysis is limited to the losses of residential buildings and contents. Results reveal that under the specific flooding characteristics in the Mekong delta with relatively well-adapted households, long inundation durations and shallow water depths, inundation duration is more important than water depth for the resulting loss. However, also building and content values, floor space of buildings and building quality are important loss-determining variables. Human activities like undertaking precautionary measures also influence flood losses. The results are important for improving flood loss modelling and, consequently, flood risk assessments in the Mekong delta.

Research paper thumbnail of Water Governance in a Comparative Perspective: From IWRM to a'Nexus' Approach?

Nexus thinking, in the form of integrating water security with agriculture, energy and climate co... more Nexus thinking, in the form of integrating water security with agriculture, energy and climate concerns, is normatively argued to help better transition societies towards greener economies and the wider goal of sustainable development. Yet several issues emerge from the current debate surrounding this concept, namely the extent to which such conceptualisations are genuinely novel, whether they complement (or are replacing) existing environmental governance approaches and how-if deemed normatively desirable-the nexus can be enhanced in national contexts. This paper therefore reviews the burgeoning nexus literature to determine some common indicative criteria before examining its implementation in practice vis-à-vis more established integrated water resources management (IWRM) models. Evidence from two divergent national contexts, the UK and Bangladesh, suggests that the nexus has not usurped IWRM, while integration between water, energy, climate and agricultural policy objectives is generally limited. Scope for greater merging of nexus thinking within IWRM is then discussed.

Research paper thumbnail of Can Integrated Water Resources Management Increase Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change Adaptation? A Critical Review

Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2013

Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is now a global paradigm. While conceptions of IWRM ... more Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is now a global paradigm. While conceptions of IWRM principles vary between contexts, it primarily aims to ensure more coordinated management between different aspects of water issues such as water quality, land management and habitat protection. However, one increasingly significant cross-cutting management issue is climate change adaptation which presents multiple problems for IWRM approaches. This paper therefore seeks to gauge the extent to which IWRM principles can, and indeed are, enhancing the adaptive capacity of water management through reducing vulnerability and increasing the resilience of social-ecological systems. A review of research into vulnerability and resilience to date suggests that IWRM has significant potential for supporting some of the key determinants of adaptive capacity. However, despite IWRM being promoted as an attractive approach, our assessment argues that IWRM, as currently practiced, cannot readily enhance flexibility and adaptability, which is required for climate change adaptation. Normative recommendations for future policy are then provided.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluating IWRM implementation success: are water policies in Bangladesh enhancing adaptive capacity to climate change impacts?

International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2014

The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms &

Research paper thumbnail of Adaptation to river bank erosion induced displacement in Koyra Upazila of Bangladesh

Progress in Disaster Science, 2019

River bank erosion negatively affects on people and their livelihood with their economic, social ... more River bank erosion negatively affects on people and their livelihood with their economic, social and psychological distress increasing over the time. Most of the people are vulnerable and their economic condition are fragile for internally displaced in Dakshin Bedkashi, Choramukha and Ghorilal villages of Koyra riverine area of Khulna district. Mixed research methods including quantitative and qualitative approach was applied by survey method, Key Informant Interview (KII), and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to collect information. Most of the people do not exists sustainable livelihood framework (SLF) due to the acute poverty for river erosion. About 82.49% respondents' house were fully damaged and 26.27% respondents live besides the roads and embankments due to erosion. About 85.02% respondents were internally displaced/migrated or becoming homeless due to Kapothaksma and Shakbaria river erosion. About 76.27% respondents' occupational status were affected severely, 48.39% changed their livelihood and engaged with catching fish, 28.34% households suffer tremendous food crisis, 36.18% respondents' income is decreasing, 32.02% loss their land, and 91.94% respondents suffer psychological stress like anxiety, depression, dizziness, insomnia, unsteady gait, post traumatic stress disorder, somatoform etc. due to river erosion. About 94.24% and 34.10% respondents cope up, adjusted or adapted by reducing meals and extra workload. 75.58% respondents borrowed money from GO, NGOs, Mahajon, Cooperatives , and Relatives with high interest. 81.11% and 33.64% respondents adjusted or adapted by decreasing rate of school going children and adjusted through drop out their child from formal education due to river erosion. In this paper, it is observed as risk that river bank erosion is causal factors of migration, vulnerability and hindrances of rural socioeconomic , cultural, psychological and environmental development. The people who affected by river bank erosion immediately migrate for safe shelter and later permanently for survival.