Aniobi Christiana - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Aniobi Christiana

The bleaching process is a crucial process in oil refining in which an adsorbent is majorly used ... more The bleaching process is a crucial process in oil refining in which an adsorbent is majorly used to adsorb the unwanted colour pigments and a wide range of other impurities. This study aims to modify sawdust as an adsorbent and process it into powder form. Effects of three factors; temperature, mass and time, were investigated, while the experiment was performed using activation/carbonization, filtration, degumming, neutralization and bleaching methods. The adsorbent (sawdust) was prepared by chemical activation using phosphoric acid. Soyabean and goya olive oils were subjected to adsorption process utilizing the activated sawdust. The concentration of the adsorbent (activated sawdust), ranging from 0.5-3.0 g, enhanced the adsorption bleaching efficiency of the adsorbent. The absorbance and concentration of two neutralized oils were measured at 460 nm using ultra violet spectrophotometer. The values of equilibrium concentration, Ce/qc, Langmuir constant (b), and slopes for soybean and goya olive oils were obtained from Langmuir isotherm equation: Ce/Qc = 1. Ce/Q o + 1/ bQ o ; where Ce is the equilibrium concentration, Qc is the % absorption, 1/Q o is the slope, while Q o is the adsorption capacity and b is the Langmuir constant. The data obtained were fitted into Langmuir isotherm thereby indicating a monolayer adsorption, where the adsorption capacity (Q o ) for goya olive and soyabean oils were 0.54 and 0.02. The percentage (%) absorption values of goya olive oil were

LASU JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 2024

Bleaching of edible oils by adsorption involves selective adsorption of pigments from oils and fa... more Bleaching of edible oils by adsorption involves selective adsorption of pigments from oils and fats on clay or carbon
specifically chosen and activated for specific effects. There are various materials such as almond shells, hazelnut shells,
walnut shells, apricot stones, coconut shells, willow peat, bamboo, bones, and fruit stones from which activated carbon
can be produced as well as various methods of activation. The essence of this study is to establish the optimum
conditionnecessary for producing activated carbon from natural coal and preparation as regards temperature and time.
Natural coal was carbonized and activated to obtain a high degree of degummed and less resinous oils and oils freed
from impurities. The experiment was carried out in a furnace that could be heated up to 5000
c after the sample has been
dried. The sample (natural coal) was subjected to chemical activation such that the sample was weighed and mixed with
100mls of 35% phosphoric acid in an oven operating between 600
c -800
c for about 4 hours. Adsorption was carried
out on palm oil and Soybean oil using activated carbon produced from natural coal. The absorbance and concentration
of the two samples of neutralized oils were measured using a UV spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 460nm. The
equilibrium concentration, values for Ce/qc
, b, and slopes for palm oil and soybean oil were obtained using the Langmuir
isotherm equation; Ce/Qc
= 1.Ce/Qo + 1/bQo
; where Ce is the equilibrium concentration, Qc
is the % absorption, 1/Qo
is the slope, while Qo
is the adsorption capacity and b is the Langmuir constant. Conclusively; according to this research
work, it was recorded that activated coal is more effective in bleaching palm oil than it does on Soybean oil.
Keywords: bleaching effectiveness, activated carbon, natural coal, palm oil, Soybean oil.

American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research

The increase rate of malnourished children and Adults is alarming during the last few years accor... more The increase rate of malnourished children and Adults is alarming during the last few years according to Health Management record in Ekiti State. Malnourished people need to consume adequate calories for growth and maintenance in order to overcome the problem of economic crisis leading to under nutrition or Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) according to World Health Organization. The increasing rate of population coupled with high cost and dwindling availability of plant foods and animal feeds have resulted into malnourishment. The aim of this study is to compare the beta carotene, nutritive anti-nutrient and antioxidant properties of orange flesh sweet potato (OFSP) and white sorghum (SWSB). The orange flesh sweet potato tubers were washed, dried and processed into flour while white sorghum seeds were washed, sprouted, dried and made into flours. The processed flours were then analyzed for proximate, anti-nutrient, antioxidant properties and Beta carotene content using standard methods. The ash content ranged from 2.59±0.01 in SWSB to 3.29± 0.02 in OFSP, carbohydrate content ranged between 78.82±0.04 in SWSB to 80.42± 0.03 in OFSP. The crude p rotein ranges from 6.28±0.06 in SWSB to 6.97±0.06 in OFSP all in percentage. OFSP has the highest Beta carotene content with 6.41±0.43mg/100g followed by SWSB with 5.1±0.40mg/100g.Flavonoids value ranged between 7.8±0.01 in OFSP to 32.94±0.05mg/100g in SWSB, the highest DPPH was found in OFSP with 13.78 ±0.02% followed by that of SWSB. The Beta carotene level and antioxidant properties evaluated were all higher in OFSP than SWSB. The Beta carotene and antioxidant properties of all the flour shows that OFSP would be best suitable than that of SWSB to combat micronutrient deficiency, malnutrition and food security in southern part of Nigeria especially in Ondo State.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jul 11, 2023

One of the many uses for activated carbons, which are incredibly adaptable adsorbents, is the ble... more One of the many uses for activated carbons, which are incredibly adaptable adsorbents, is the bleaching of edible oils. Although wood, peat, lignite, and coal are the usual sources for activated carbon generation; agricultural wastes like nutshells are also taken into consideration as possible resources because of their renewable nature and abundance in Turkey. In this work, natural coal was used to make the activated carbon that was used to bleach the oil samples (Goya olive oil and palm oil). After the material has been dried, the experiment was conducted in a furnace that could be heated to 5000 0 C. The sample (natural coal) underwent chemical activation by being weighed, combined with 100mls of 35% phosphoric acid, and heated in an oven between 60°C and 80°C for approximately 4 hours. Activated carbon made from natural coal was used to conduct adsorption on palm and soybean oils. Using a UV spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 460 nm, the absorbance and concentration of the two samples of neutralized oils were determined. Using the Langmuir isotherm equation, the equilibrium concentration, values for Ce/qc, b, and slopes for palm oil and soybean oil were determined. Ce/Qc = 1.Ce/Qo + 1/bQo, where Ce is the equilibrium concentration, Qc is the percent absorption, 1/Qo is the slope, Qo is the adsorption capacity, and b is the Langmuir constant. The results of % absorption obtained for goya olive oil are 86.10, 84.10, 82.90, 81.80, 77.70 and 77.50 while that results of %absorption obtained for palm oil are 31.20, 30.90, 30.80, 29.50, 20.20, and 09.50 respectively. Therefore; activated coal was found to be moresuccessful at bleaching palm oil than goya olive oil in experimental trials, which led to this conclusion.

Global Scientific Journals

The difficulties encountered by most students in chemistry practical in Nigeria (colleges, and in... more The difficulties encountered by most students in chemistry practical in Nigeria (colleges, and institutions) most especially in secondary schools is so great that it has become a great concern to various individuals and groups in the nation and as such as generated a lot of issues, argument in lectures, seminars, journals, and so on. The technological advancement of any country depends on the scientific background of such country. Chemistry teaching practical to be précised, has been faced with a lot of problems. Accordingly Nigeria students studying chemistry are expected to be taught what chemistry is [1], they are expected to acquire scientific skills of observing, and reporting, organizing of information, generalizing, predicting or speculating and designing experiment to test hypotheses. The teaching strategies used in carrying out chemistry practical prescribed for developing these skills in the labouratory rooms include:  The involvement of students in opening ended field or lab work  The inclusion of problems-solving activities  The use of discovery teaching tactics whenever appropriate. On the contrary, there are various factors which have marred these methods such that objectives of teaching and learning of practical and experimental exercise which are geared towards improving the preparation of scientific background for technological advancement have not been activated. This book addresses some of the factors causing most students in both secondary and tertiary schools to fail chemistry practical as well suggest likely ways by which these difficulties could be solved.

Global scientific Journals, 2023

Bleaching of edible oils by adsorption involves selective adsorption of pigments from oils and fa... more Bleaching of edible oils by adsorption involves selective adsorption of pigments from oils and fats
on clay or carbon specifically chosen and activated for specific effects. The essence of this study
is to establish the optimum condition necessary for producing activated carbon from natural coal
and preparation as regards temperature and time. Activation of carbon is the process of treating
the carbon to open an enormous number of pores in the 1.2-20nanometer diameter range. Chemical
activation was preferably used due to its shorter production time and lower temperature required
to produce activated carbon. During chemical activation, the source material is impregnated with
certain chemicals typically an acid, a strong base or a salt (phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide,
calcium chloride and zinc chloride) such that the raw material is carbonized at a low temperature,
usually 450
0
C
–
900
0
C.
This process results in a very large surface area that is about 600-1200 square
feet per grams depending on the source material.Natural coal was carbonized and activated to
obtain a high degree of degummed and less resinous oils and oils freed from impurities. The
experiment was carried out in a furnace that could be heated up to 500
0
C after the natural coal has
been dried. The natural coal was subjected to chemical activation such that it was weighed and
mixed with 100mls of 35% phosphoric acid in an oven operating between 60
0
C-80
0
C for about
14400secs. Adsorption was carried out on palm oil and soyabean oil using activated carbon
produced from natural coal. The absorbance and concentration of the two samples of neutralized
oils were measured using a UV spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 460nm. The results obtained
as %absorption for palm oil are 31.20, 30.90, 30.80, 29.30, 20.20 and 09.50 while the % absorption
for soya bean oil are 86.90, 85.90, 86.90, 79.70, 78.40 and 29.60 respectively. Conclusively
;
according to this research work, it was recorded that activated coal is more effective in bleaching
palm oil than it does on soya bean oil.

International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT), 2023

Public health recommendations encourage the selection of a balanced diet to foster health and we... more Public health recommendations encourage the
selection of a balanced diet to foster health and well-
being through research in achieving good health and
well being target 3 of sustainable development goals
(SDGS). Since over two years that the pandemic was
declared and the world struggle with corona virus
diseases (Covid-19) pandemic, there is lack of clinically
effective therapies, and attention is shifting to different
ways in order to strengthen the immune system.
Previous studies in assessment of plants properties for
combating covid-19 were generally focused on fruits and
vegetables functional ingredients. Recently from
research, cereals are gaining importance as a health
promoting nutritious crop. It was discovered that pearl
millet grains have a high potential for therapeutic
purpose because of their gluten free, highest in dietary
fibre contents, essential amino acid contents, as well as
essential minerals and vitamins. This research work was
designed and conducted to determine the effect of
processing (sprouting) on the mineral and vitamin
contents of Pennisetum glaucum .Data were subjected to
descriptive evaluation and computation.The results
showed that there were enhancements in mineral and
vitamin contents of Pennisetum glaucum after sprouting.
Zn (42.90±0.08), Fe (48.20±0.06) and some other
minerals have over 10% level of enhancement while
vitamin B9 (-21.0), vitamin C (-13.7) and other vitamins
also experienced over 20% level of enhancement. This
information about sprouted Pennisetum glaucum could
be useful in the formulation and production of adult and
infant food supplements in respect of minerals and
vitamins to improve health, combat covid-19 and
optimize cereal potential generally. Keywords:- Nutritional Impact, Sprouted Pennisetum
Glaucum, Functional Ingredients, Covid-19.

IJCS-216704, 2023

The activated carbon used in this study was derived from sawdust (wood), so it is referred to as ... more The activated carbon used in this study was derived from sawdust (wood), so it is referred to as activated sawdust (wood), whereas the activated carbon derived from coal is referred to as activated coal. Activated carbon is typically derived from waste products such as coconut husks, waste from paper mills, walnut shell, apricot stone, etc.; such that these bulk sources are converted into charcoal before being activated. Activation of carbon is the process of treating the carbon to open an enormous number of pores in the 1.2-20nanometer diameter range. Chemical activation was preferably used due to its shorter production time and lower temperature required to produce activated carbon. During chemical activation, the source material is impregnated with certain chemicals typically an acid, a strong base or a salt (phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide, calcium chloride and zinc chloride) such that the raw material is carbonized at a low temperature, usually 450 0 C-900 0 C. This process results in a very large surface area that is about 600-1200 square feet per grams depending on the source material. Natural coal was carbonized and activated to obtain a high degree of degummed and less resinous oils and oils freed from impurities.The wood sawdust was chemically activated after being dried, and the process involved weighing the sample and mixing it with 100mls of 35% phosphoric acid in an oven that ran between 600°C and 800°C for about 4 hours. The sample was then put through filteration by adding water to it, which was done around six times until a pH of 5 or 6 was reached, indicating a decrease in the amount of acid present in the sample. Two samples of oil (palm oil and soyabean oil) were also subjected to the adsorption (bleaching) process which involves the removal of pollutants like free fatty acids (FFAS), phosphatides, heavy metals, oxidized products, and color pigments using activated carbon generated or created from sawdust (wood), measured in the range of 0.5g, 1.0g, 1.5g, 2.0g, 2.5g and 3.0g, respectively. Bleaching is required not only because fat with a light color conveys a sense of purity, but also because the color of the fat can affect how food will look when it is cooked and, more importantly, because the pigment it contains can affect the flavor and stability of the fat and the food it is used to make. The different oil samples were degummed using a 500 ml volumetric flask and hot water (100 0 C), and the process was repeated until clear water was seen below the oil layer in the separating funnel. The degummed oils were then heated at 80 0 C for around 10 minutes to neutralize them. In a similar manner, hot degummed oils were treated with around 10 ml of NaOH and 6g of NaCl. Water was then added to wash off the soap that had developed in the neutralized oil, and this process was repeated until the oil was soap-free. An ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 460 nm was used to test the absorbance and concentration of the various types of neutralized oils. The Langmuir isotherm equation, which has the following formula: Ce/qc = 1.Ce/Q o + 1/ bQ o , was used to determine the equilibrium concentration, values for Ce/qc, b, and slopes for palm oil and soybean oil. Q o is the adsorption capacity, and b is the Langmuir constant. The results obtained

GSCBP-2023-0242, 2023

Many contaminants, such as phosphatides, mucins, free fatty acids, dyes, and compounds that impac... more Many contaminants, such as phosphatides, mucins, free fatty acids, dyes, and compounds that impact the color and odor, are present in crude fats and oils in variable concentrations. The standard chemical refining process removes these contaminants at numerous stages, including activation, carbonization, filtration, absorption, degumming, neutralization, and bleaching. While degumming is done to remove phosphatides so that hydratable phosphatides can be precipitated by adding water to the oil, non-hydrated phosphatides must be eliminated by adding acids, activation is done to open up the pore structure of the activated carbon. Additionally, free fatty acids are eliminated through neutralization with alkali hydroxides, producing soaps that can be eliminated, and undesirable colored impurities are eliminated through bleaching with an adsorptive reagent. Subsequently, the unwanted compounds are adsorbed and can be eliminated along with the adsorbent through filtration. Then, bleaching is done to get rid of color and unwelcome volatile and odiferous elements because bleaching removes numerous antioxidants. The equilibrium concentration, values for Ce/qc, b, and slopes for soybean oil and goya olive oil were calculated using the Langmuir isotherm equation. Ce/Qc = 1.Ce/Q o + 1/bQ o , Ce = equilibrium concentration, Qc = percent absorption, 1/Q o = slope, Q o = adsorption capacity, and b = Langmuir constant. The results of % absorption obtained for soyabean oil are as follows; 86.

LASU JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, 2024

American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Jul 11, 2023

Global Scientific Journals

Global scientific Journals, 2023

Bleaching of edible oils by adsorption involves selective adsorption of pigments from oils and fa... more Bleaching of edible oils by adsorption involves selective adsorption of pigments from oils and fats
on clay or carbon specifically chosen and activated for specific effects. The essence of this study
is to establish the optimum condition necessary for producing activated carbon from natural coal
and preparation as regards temperature and time. Activation of carbon is the process of treating
the carbon to open an enormous number of pores in the 1.2-20nanometer diameter range. Chemical
activation was preferably used due to its shorter production time and lower temperature required
to produce activated carbon. During chemical activation, the source material is impregnated with
certain chemicals typically an acid, a strong base or a salt (phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide,
calcium chloride and zinc chloride) such that the raw material is carbonized at a low temperature,
usually 450
0
C
–
900
0
C.
This process results in a very large surface area that is about 600-1200 square
feet per grams depending on the source material.Natural coal was carbonized and activated to
obtain a high degree of degummed and less resinous oils and oils freed from impurities. The
experiment was carried out in a furnace that could be heated up to 500
0
C after the natural coal has
been dried. The natural coal was subjected to chemical activation such that it was weighed and
mixed with 100mls of 35% phosphoric acid in an oven operating between 60
0
C-80
0
C for about
14400secs. Adsorption was carried out on palm oil and soyabean oil using activated carbon
produced from natural coal. The absorbance and concentration of the two samples of neutralized
oils were measured using a UV spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 460nm. The results obtained
as %absorption for palm oil are 31.20, 30.90, 30.80, 29.30, 20.20 and 09.50 while the % absorption
for soya bean oil are 86.90, 85.90, 86.90, 79.70, 78.40 and 29.60 respectively. Conclusively
;
according to this research work, it was recorded that activated coal is more effective in bleaching
palm oil than it does on soya bean oil.

International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT), 2023

IJCS-216704, 2023

GSCBP-2023-0242, 2023