Anjali Chauhan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Anjali Chauhan
The International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society
Journal of Applied Horticulture
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are commonly used as inoculants for improving the gro... more Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are commonly used as inoculants for improving the growth and yield of agricultural crops. The use of PGPR is steadily increasing in agriculture and offers an attractive way to replace chemical fertilizers, pesticides and supplements. Thus the present study focuses on the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of potent PGPR isolates with multiple plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and antifungal potential against different phytopathogenic fungi. Biochemical, molecular and phylogenetic characterization of four effective PGPR isolates (CKMV1, CKMV2, CKMV3 and CKMV4) of Valeriana jatamansi demonstrated that three strains belonged to genus Bacillus spp. and one belonged to Aneurinibacillus spp. The strain CKMV1 identifi ed as (Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus) on the basis of 16S rDNA homology showed a considerable antifungal potential against different phytopathogens along with multiple PGP traits like phosphate solubilization, IAA production, HCN production, siderophore production. Signifi cant growth inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi by CKMV1 was obtained in the order Sclerotium rolfsii > Rhizoctonia solani > Phytopthora cactorum > Alternaria spp. > Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, the secondary metabolite producing A. aneurinilyticus strain CKMV1 exhibited innate potential of plant growth promotion and biocontrol activities in vitro which can further be used as biofertilizer as well as biocontrol agent.
Nanomedicine
Aim: To explore the optimum temperature for cancer cell death using magnetic hyperthermia (MH), w... more Aim: To explore the optimum temperature for cancer cell death using magnetic hyperthermia (MH), which in turn will affect the mode of cell death. Method: The focus of this study is to improve upon the existing methodology for the synthesis of chitosan encapsulated Fe3O4. MH was done at different temperatures. The cell death pathway was explored using flow cytometry and western blot. Results: Coated Fe3O4 exhibited low cytotoxicity, high stability and heating efficiency. MH at 43°C was the optimum temperature for robust cell death. Cell death pathway suggested that during the initial stages of recovery, apoptosis was the main mode of cell death. While at later stages, major apoptosis and minor necrosis were observed. Conclusion: It is important to find out the long-term effect of hyperthermia treatment on cancer cells and their consequences on surrounding healthy cells.
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Scientific Reports
Graphene oxide (GO) was immobilized innovatively through azo spacer arm onto the surface of polym... more Graphene oxide (GO) was immobilized innovatively through azo spacer arm onto the surface of polymeric Amberlite XAD-16 resin in order to expose all oxygen functionalities freely available for metal ions coordination and further modification with picolylamine which governs selectivity. The GO Amberlite XAD-16 picolylamine enables the development of SPE column coupled with ICP-OES for preconcentration and determination of Pb (II) and Cu (II) in water and fish samples. Elution was performed by mild acid (2M HCl) no other carcinogenic organic solvent was used, prevents ligand leaching. Under optimized conditions, the preconcentration factors of 150 and detection limits 1.434 and 0.048 µg L −1 for Pb (II) and Cu (II) were obtained respectively. Graphene Oxide (GO), one of the derivatives of graphene 1-3 , but now has written its own history in the field of material chemistry such as environmental applications of water treatment 4,5. GO readily disperses in water to form stable colloidal dispersions, facilitating mainly its carboxyl, hydroxyl groups to readily dissociate into their anionic forms in aqueous systems 6-9. It maintains its negative surface charge down to very low values of pH. Combining with this huge surface area to mass ratio provided by the sheets, attributed to the fact that, why investigations into the use of GO as an adsorbent material has a plethora of the removal of toxic metals from aquatic environments 6,8. In spite of many standard analytical methods for the determination of metal ions in real samples, development of another new selective method is at the forefront due to variation of sample matrices and concentration level of analyte which influences interferences and detection limit parameters respectively. Analytical techniques with superior detection limits frequently require separation methods to eliminate interferences and less sensitive one need preconcentration 10. Solid phase extraction (SPE) addresses both these issues along with advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, rapid phase separation, ease of operation, excellent recovery of the sorbed analyte with small volumes of mineral acids rather than toxic organic solvents and reusability 11. Moreover, this method can be easily incorporated with other spectroscopic techniques like FAAS, ICP-OES etc. in offline and online modes. ICP-OES exhibits higher sensitivity, large dynamic linear range, low detection limits, and simultaneous analysis 12. Despite the aforementioned facts, determination of the trace metals in environmental samples by ICP-OES constitutes one of the major problems of interferences in direct determination. Therefore, their determination is coupled with SPE in order to exclude all interfering matrices. GO serve as a potential candidate over graphene or any other currently reported sorbents like CNT 13-16 , sulfur nanoparticle 17 , activated carbon 18 etc. due to its ultra-high sorption capacities for various metal ions 19. This is attributed to the fact that GO
Crop and Pasture Science
High levels of crop productivity cannot be sustained by chemical fertiliser application alone. In... more High levels of crop productivity cannot be sustained by chemical fertiliser application alone. In order to mitigate this, a 2-year study was conducted to test the effects of combined application of indigenous plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and chemical fertilisers on productivity of wheat and soil properties. Ten morphologically distinct indigenous PGPR isolates from wheat roots and rhizosphere were evaluated at Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, during 2013–14. Three PGPR isolates (B2, SIR1 and BIS2) with maximum PGP traits were screened at different doses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) (80%, 60% and 40% of recommended fertiliser dose, RFD) under net-house conditions. Two isolates, B2 (Serratia sp.) and SIR1 (Bacillus subtilis), along with the optimum NP dose (i.e. 80% RFD) were selected for field experimentation, which was performed over two consecutive years, 2014–16. Combined application of 80% RDF of NP with PGPR (B2) significantly increased wheat yield by 9.4%, n...
Virusdisease, 2018
is a large genus of filamentous fungi belongs to the division Ascomycota and was first described ... more is a large genus of filamentous fungi belongs to the division Ascomycota and was first described as . Innumerable members of this genus act as pathogens, endophytes and saprophytes and can be recovered from plants and soils worldwide. Many of these members are known to be phytopathogens. It is among the most diverse and widely dispersed phyto-pathogenic fungi which cause economically important blights, rots, wilts and cankers of many ornamental, field, horticultural and forest crops both in agricultural commodities and natural ecosystems. Some species, e.g. and have a narrow host range and mainly infect the cereals, whereas has effects on both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Attempts have been made to control the diseases caused by sp. and to minimize crop yield losses. Till date, effective and eco-friendly methods have not been devised for the control of this devastating pathogen. A new potential of using mycovirus associated hypovirulence as biocontrol method against s...
Journal of neuroinflammation, Jan 17, 2018
Activation of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) occurs after stroke and lead... more Activation of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) occurs after stroke and leads to an exacerbation of brain injury. TAK1 is involved in innate and adaptive immune responses, but it has divergent inflammatory effects that are dependent on the cell type in which it is activated. There is a robust infiltration of myeloid cells after stroke; however, the contribution of myeloid TAK1 to cerebral ischemia is currently unknown. We hypothesized that myeloid-specific deletion of TAK1 would protect against ischemic brain injury. Myeloid TAK1M and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Brain-infiltrating and splenic immune cells were evaluated at 3 days after stroke. Assessment of infarct size and behavioral deficits were performed on days 3 and 7 post-stroke. Infarcts were significantly smaller in TAK1M mice (p < 0.01), and behavioral deficits were less severe despite equivalent reduction in cerebral blood flow. Flow cytometry demo...
Small GTPases, Jan 31, 2017
Macrophages are innate immune cells that constantly patrol an organism to fulfill protective and ... more Macrophages are innate immune cells that constantly patrol an organism to fulfill protective and homeostatic roles. Previous studies have shown that Rho GTPase activity is required for macrophage mobility, yet the roles of upstream regulatory proteins controlling Rho GTPase function in these cells are not well defined. Previously we have shown that the RhoA GEF Net1 is required for human breast cancer cell motility and extracellular matrix invasion. To assess the role of Net1 in macrophage motility, we isolated bone marrow macrophage (BMM) precursors from wild type and Net1 knockout mice. Loss of Net1 did not affect the ability of BMM precursors to differentiate into mature macrophages in vitro, as measured by CD68 and F4/80 staining. However, Net1 deletion significantly reduced RhoA activation, F-actin accumulation, adhesion, and motility in these cells. Nevertheless, similar to RhoA/RhoB double knockout macrophages, Net1 deletion did not impair macrophage recruitment to the perito...
Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine
The European journal of neuroscience, Jan 13, 2017
Microglial activation is a key element in initiating and perpetuating inflammatory responses to s... more Microglial activation is a key element in initiating and perpetuating inflammatory responses to stroke. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and IRF4 signaling have been found critical in mediating macrophage pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes respectively in peripheral inflammation. We hypothesize that the IRF5/4 regulatory axis also mediates microglial activation after stroke. C57BL6 mice of 8-12 weeks were subject to a 90-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion and the brains evaluated at 24h, 3d, 10d and 30d after reperfusion. Flow cytometry was utilized to examine microglial activation and cytokine expression. RT-PCR was performed for mRNA levels of IRF5/4 in sorted microglia. Microglial expression of IRF5/4 was examined by immunohistochemistry, and brain cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. Our results revealed that the IRF5 mRNA level in sorted microglia increased at 3d of stroke; whereas IRF4 mRNA level exhibited bi-phasic increases, with a tra...
Neurobiology of aging, Jan 28, 2017
Elderly stroke patients and aged animals subjected to experimental stroke have significantly wors... more Elderly stroke patients and aged animals subjected to experimental stroke have significantly worse functional recovery and higher mortality compared to younger subjects. Activation of the peripheral immune system is known to influence stroke outcome. Prior studies have shown that splenectomy reduces ischemic brain injury in young mice. As immune function changes with aging, it is unclear whether splenectomy will confer similar benefits in aged animals. We investigated the contribution of spleen to brain injury after cerebral ischemia in aged male mice. Splenic architecture and immune cell composition were altered in aged mice. Splenectomy 2 weeks before stroke resulted in improved neurobehavioral and infarct outcomes in aged male mice. In addition, there was a reduction in peripheral immune cell infiltration into the brain and decreased levels of peripheral inflammatory cytokines after stroke in aged splenectomized mice. Splenectomy immediately after reperfusion also improved behavi...
Journal of Plant Nutrition
Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research, 2017
Clinical Science, 2017
Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. More women than men have st... more Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. More women than men have strokes each year, in part because women live longer. Women have poorer functional outcomes, are more likely to need nursing home care and have higher rates of recurrent stroke compared with men. Despite continued advancements in primary prevention, innovative acute therapies and ongoing developments in neurorehabilitation, stroke incidence and mortality continue to increase due to the aging of the U.S. population. Sex chromosomes (XX compared with XY), sex hormones (oestrogen and androgen), epigenetic regulation and environmental factors all contribute to sex differences. Ischaemic sensitivity varies over the lifespan, with females having an “ischaemia resistant” phenotype that wanes after menopause, which has recently been modelled in the laboratory. Pharmacological therapies for acute ischaemic stroke are limited. The only pharmacological treatment for stroke approved by the Food and Dr...
The International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society
Journal of Applied Horticulture
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are commonly used as inoculants for improving the gro... more Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are commonly used as inoculants for improving the growth and yield of agricultural crops. The use of PGPR is steadily increasing in agriculture and offers an attractive way to replace chemical fertilizers, pesticides and supplements. Thus the present study focuses on the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of potent PGPR isolates with multiple plant growth promoting (PGP) traits and antifungal potential against different phytopathogenic fungi. Biochemical, molecular and phylogenetic characterization of four effective PGPR isolates (CKMV1, CKMV2, CKMV3 and CKMV4) of Valeriana jatamansi demonstrated that three strains belonged to genus Bacillus spp. and one belonged to Aneurinibacillus spp. The strain CKMV1 identifi ed as (Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus) on the basis of 16S rDNA homology showed a considerable antifungal potential against different phytopathogens along with multiple PGP traits like phosphate solubilization, IAA production, HCN production, siderophore production. Signifi cant growth inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi by CKMV1 was obtained in the order Sclerotium rolfsii > Rhizoctonia solani > Phytopthora cactorum > Alternaria spp. > Fusarium oxysporum. Thus, the secondary metabolite producing A. aneurinilyticus strain CKMV1 exhibited innate potential of plant growth promotion and biocontrol activities in vitro which can further be used as biofertilizer as well as biocontrol agent.
Nanomedicine
Aim: To explore the optimum temperature for cancer cell death using magnetic hyperthermia (MH), w... more Aim: To explore the optimum temperature for cancer cell death using magnetic hyperthermia (MH), which in turn will affect the mode of cell death. Method: The focus of this study is to improve upon the existing methodology for the synthesis of chitosan encapsulated Fe3O4. MH was done at different temperatures. The cell death pathway was explored using flow cytometry and western blot. Results: Coated Fe3O4 exhibited low cytotoxicity, high stability and heating efficiency. MH at 43°C was the optimum temperature for robust cell death. Cell death pathway suggested that during the initial stages of recovery, apoptosis was the main mode of cell death. While at later stages, major apoptosis and minor necrosis were observed. Conclusion: It is important to find out the long-term effect of hyperthermia treatment on cancer cells and their consequences on surrounding healthy cells.
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Scientific Reports
Graphene oxide (GO) was immobilized innovatively through azo spacer arm onto the surface of polym... more Graphene oxide (GO) was immobilized innovatively through azo spacer arm onto the surface of polymeric Amberlite XAD-16 resin in order to expose all oxygen functionalities freely available for metal ions coordination and further modification with picolylamine which governs selectivity. The GO Amberlite XAD-16 picolylamine enables the development of SPE column coupled with ICP-OES for preconcentration and determination of Pb (II) and Cu (II) in water and fish samples. Elution was performed by mild acid (2M HCl) no other carcinogenic organic solvent was used, prevents ligand leaching. Under optimized conditions, the preconcentration factors of 150 and detection limits 1.434 and 0.048 µg L −1 for Pb (II) and Cu (II) were obtained respectively. Graphene Oxide (GO), one of the derivatives of graphene 1-3 , but now has written its own history in the field of material chemistry such as environmental applications of water treatment 4,5. GO readily disperses in water to form stable colloidal dispersions, facilitating mainly its carboxyl, hydroxyl groups to readily dissociate into their anionic forms in aqueous systems 6-9. It maintains its negative surface charge down to very low values of pH. Combining with this huge surface area to mass ratio provided by the sheets, attributed to the fact that, why investigations into the use of GO as an adsorbent material has a plethora of the removal of toxic metals from aquatic environments 6,8. In spite of many standard analytical methods for the determination of metal ions in real samples, development of another new selective method is at the forefront due to variation of sample matrices and concentration level of analyte which influences interferences and detection limit parameters respectively. Analytical techniques with superior detection limits frequently require separation methods to eliminate interferences and less sensitive one need preconcentration 10. Solid phase extraction (SPE) addresses both these issues along with advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, rapid phase separation, ease of operation, excellent recovery of the sorbed analyte with small volumes of mineral acids rather than toxic organic solvents and reusability 11. Moreover, this method can be easily incorporated with other spectroscopic techniques like FAAS, ICP-OES etc. in offline and online modes. ICP-OES exhibits higher sensitivity, large dynamic linear range, low detection limits, and simultaneous analysis 12. Despite the aforementioned facts, determination of the trace metals in environmental samples by ICP-OES constitutes one of the major problems of interferences in direct determination. Therefore, their determination is coupled with SPE in order to exclude all interfering matrices. GO serve as a potential candidate over graphene or any other currently reported sorbents like CNT 13-16 , sulfur nanoparticle 17 , activated carbon 18 etc. due to its ultra-high sorption capacities for various metal ions 19. This is attributed to the fact that GO
Crop and Pasture Science
High levels of crop productivity cannot be sustained by chemical fertiliser application alone. In... more High levels of crop productivity cannot be sustained by chemical fertiliser application alone. In order to mitigate this, a 2-year study was conducted to test the effects of combined application of indigenous plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and chemical fertilisers on productivity of wheat and soil properties. Ten morphologically distinct indigenous PGPR isolates from wheat roots and rhizosphere were evaluated at Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, during 2013–14. Three PGPR isolates (B2, SIR1 and BIS2) with maximum PGP traits were screened at different doses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) (80%, 60% and 40% of recommended fertiliser dose, RFD) under net-house conditions. Two isolates, B2 (Serratia sp.) and SIR1 (Bacillus subtilis), along with the optimum NP dose (i.e. 80% RFD) were selected for field experimentation, which was performed over two consecutive years, 2014–16. Combined application of 80% RDF of NP with PGPR (B2) significantly increased wheat yield by 9.4%, n...
Virusdisease, 2018
is a large genus of filamentous fungi belongs to the division Ascomycota and was first described ... more is a large genus of filamentous fungi belongs to the division Ascomycota and was first described as . Innumerable members of this genus act as pathogens, endophytes and saprophytes and can be recovered from plants and soils worldwide. Many of these members are known to be phytopathogens. It is among the most diverse and widely dispersed phyto-pathogenic fungi which cause economically important blights, rots, wilts and cankers of many ornamental, field, horticultural and forest crops both in agricultural commodities and natural ecosystems. Some species, e.g. and have a narrow host range and mainly infect the cereals, whereas has effects on both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Attempts have been made to control the diseases caused by sp. and to minimize crop yield losses. Till date, effective and eco-friendly methods have not been devised for the control of this devastating pathogen. A new potential of using mycovirus associated hypovirulence as biocontrol method against s...
Journal of neuroinflammation, Jan 17, 2018
Activation of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) occurs after stroke and lead... more Activation of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) occurs after stroke and leads to an exacerbation of brain injury. TAK1 is involved in innate and adaptive immune responses, but it has divergent inflammatory effects that are dependent on the cell type in which it is activated. There is a robust infiltration of myeloid cells after stroke; however, the contribution of myeloid TAK1 to cerebral ischemia is currently unknown. We hypothesized that myeloid-specific deletion of TAK1 would protect against ischemic brain injury. Myeloid TAK1M and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Brain-infiltrating and splenic immune cells were evaluated at 3 days after stroke. Assessment of infarct size and behavioral deficits were performed on days 3 and 7 post-stroke. Infarcts were significantly smaller in TAK1M mice (p < 0.01), and behavioral deficits were less severe despite equivalent reduction in cerebral blood flow. Flow cytometry demo...
Small GTPases, Jan 31, 2017
Macrophages are innate immune cells that constantly patrol an organism to fulfill protective and ... more Macrophages are innate immune cells that constantly patrol an organism to fulfill protective and homeostatic roles. Previous studies have shown that Rho GTPase activity is required for macrophage mobility, yet the roles of upstream regulatory proteins controlling Rho GTPase function in these cells are not well defined. Previously we have shown that the RhoA GEF Net1 is required for human breast cancer cell motility and extracellular matrix invasion. To assess the role of Net1 in macrophage motility, we isolated bone marrow macrophage (BMM) precursors from wild type and Net1 knockout mice. Loss of Net1 did not affect the ability of BMM precursors to differentiate into mature macrophages in vitro, as measured by CD68 and F4/80 staining. However, Net1 deletion significantly reduced RhoA activation, F-actin accumulation, adhesion, and motility in these cells. Nevertheless, similar to RhoA/RhoB double knockout macrophages, Net1 deletion did not impair macrophage recruitment to the perito...
Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine
The European journal of neuroscience, Jan 13, 2017
Microglial activation is a key element in initiating and perpetuating inflammatory responses to s... more Microglial activation is a key element in initiating and perpetuating inflammatory responses to stroke. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and IRF4 signaling have been found critical in mediating macrophage pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes respectively in peripheral inflammation. We hypothesize that the IRF5/4 regulatory axis also mediates microglial activation after stroke. C57BL6 mice of 8-12 weeks were subject to a 90-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion and the brains evaluated at 24h, 3d, 10d and 30d after reperfusion. Flow cytometry was utilized to examine microglial activation and cytokine expression. RT-PCR was performed for mRNA levels of IRF5/4 in sorted microglia. Microglial expression of IRF5/4 was examined by immunohistochemistry, and brain cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. Our results revealed that the IRF5 mRNA level in sorted microglia increased at 3d of stroke; whereas IRF4 mRNA level exhibited bi-phasic increases, with a tra...
Neurobiology of aging, Jan 28, 2017
Elderly stroke patients and aged animals subjected to experimental stroke have significantly wors... more Elderly stroke patients and aged animals subjected to experimental stroke have significantly worse functional recovery and higher mortality compared to younger subjects. Activation of the peripheral immune system is known to influence stroke outcome. Prior studies have shown that splenectomy reduces ischemic brain injury in young mice. As immune function changes with aging, it is unclear whether splenectomy will confer similar benefits in aged animals. We investigated the contribution of spleen to brain injury after cerebral ischemia in aged male mice. Splenic architecture and immune cell composition were altered in aged mice. Splenectomy 2 weeks before stroke resulted in improved neurobehavioral and infarct outcomes in aged male mice. In addition, there was a reduction in peripheral immune cell infiltration into the brain and decreased levels of peripheral inflammatory cytokines after stroke in aged splenectomized mice. Splenectomy immediately after reperfusion also improved behavi...
Journal of Plant Nutrition
Springer Series in Translational Stroke Research, 2017
Clinical Science, 2017
Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. More women than men have st... more Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. More women than men have strokes each year, in part because women live longer. Women have poorer functional outcomes, are more likely to need nursing home care and have higher rates of recurrent stroke compared with men. Despite continued advancements in primary prevention, innovative acute therapies and ongoing developments in neurorehabilitation, stroke incidence and mortality continue to increase due to the aging of the U.S. population. Sex chromosomes (XX compared with XY), sex hormones (oestrogen and androgen), epigenetic regulation and environmental factors all contribute to sex differences. Ischaemic sensitivity varies over the lifespan, with females having an “ischaemia resistant” phenotype that wanes after menopause, which has recently been modelled in the laboratory. Pharmacological therapies for acute ischaemic stroke are limited. The only pharmacological treatment for stroke approved by the Food and Dr...