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Papers by Anjali Rawani

Research paper thumbnail of Anthelmintic Activity of Plant Extracts and Synthesized Green Metal Nanoparticles Against Gut Helminths of Ruminants

Anthelmintic Activity of Plant Extracts and Synthesized Green Metal Nanoparticles Against Gut Helminths of Ruminants

Research paper thumbnail of Larvicidal efficacy of the mature leaf extract of Cajanus cajan against the vector of Japanese encephalitis

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, Oct 4, 2020

Vector borne diseases can be controlled by managing the mosquito population. So the present study... more Vector borne diseases can be controlled by managing the mosquito population. So the present study was done to evaluate larvicidal activities of Cajanus cajan mature leaf extracts against the Japanese encephalitis vector Culex vishnui. Crude and three different solvent extracts of C. cajan leaves were applied for larvicidal bioassay against the all instars larvae of Cx. vishnui. For statistical justifications log probit, regression and ANOVA analyses were performed. Non-target organisms were also evaluated against crude and ethyl acetate solvent extract of mature leaves. The IR analysis and GC-MS analyses were carried out to find out the active ingredient. 0.5% concentration of crude extract showed highest larval mortality after 72 h of exposure. Amongst the three tested solvent extracts namely n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v), ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most potent larvicidal activity. In ethyl acetate extract 100% mortality was found in 100 ppm concentration against 1st instar larvae after 72 h of exposure. Chemical characterization revealed that the active ingredient belongs to the flavonoids group of compound which might be responsible for larval toxicity. However, the bioassay against the non-target organisms revealed that, they were mostly safe to the extracts. The results support that C. cajan mature leaves can be used as an ecofriendly larvicidal agent against the Cx. vishnui in near future.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential biological control agents for the control of vector mosquitoes: A review

Potential biological control agents for the control of vector mosquitoes: A review

Notulae Scientia Biologicae, Mar 16, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Advances of Natural Product in the Control of Malarial Parasite

Advances of Natural Product in the Control of Malarial Parasite

Research paper thumbnail of A Review on Recent Advances of Natural Products as Larvicides in Vector Control Management

Jordan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Mar 19, 2024

The mosquito, a biological vector, is responsible for the transmission of serious and dreaded dis... more The mosquito, a biological vector, is responsible for the transmission of serious and dreaded diseases worldwide. These diseases, which are chiefly endemic to tropical countries, cause millions of deaths each year. The significance of plant-based and environmentally friendly insecticides has increased in recent years. Due to their easy biodegradability and target selectivity, they can be used safely in aquatic environments. Despite their effectiveness in controlling target vector species, pesticide applications pose a threat as they can lead to increased chemical insecticide resistance, causing a rebound in vectorial capacity. This review explores the efficacy of phytochemicals in controlling mosquito populations. In mosquito control programs, phytochemicals play a significant role. Plants serve as an immense repository for primary and secondary metabolites. Various types of polar and nonpolar solvents can be used to extract the bioactive plant ingredient(s) from either the whole plant or a specific part of it. This literature review defines natural products and provides an overview of the different types of natural products that can be used to control mosquito larvae. Particularly, it examines the effectiveness of natural products in vector control without causing resistance or harm to non-target organisms. The purpose of this paper is to offer a comprehensive review of the use of natural products as mosquito larvicides and to underscore their potential as an alternative to traditional chemical methods. Ultimately, it encourages further research into the development and use of natural products for successful vector mosquito control.

Research paper thumbnail of Insect as food: search for new protein dietary sources – A review

Insect as food: search for new protein dietary sources – A review

Deleted Journal, Jan 20, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of mosquito larvicidal activity of fruit extracts of <i>Acacia auriculiformis</i> against the Japanese encephalitis vector <i>Culex vishnui</i>

Natural Product Research, Feb 19, 2018

The larvicidal potentiality of crude and ethyl acetate extracts of fruits of Acacia auriculiformi... more The larvicidal potentiality of crude and ethyl acetate extracts of fruits of Acacia auriculiformis was investigated against all the larval instars of JE vector Culex vishnui. The crude extract showed good results against all the larval instars with highest mortality at 0.09 %. Highest mortality was found at 300 ppm of ethyl acetate extract. Lowest LC50 value was obtained at 72h for third instar larvae. Non target organisms tested, showed no to very less mortality to ethyl acetate solvent extract. Presence of N-H stretching, a C=O stretching, C=C and C-N stretching vibrations of secondary amide or amine group were confirmed from IR analysis. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of three compounds namely Ethane 2-chloro-1,1-dimethoxy, Acetic acid, 1-methyl ether ester and [(trimethylsilyl)oxy)phenyl] -1,3-dimethylbutyl) -2, 6 dimethylphenoxy)(trimethyl) silane responsible for mosquito death.

Research paper thumbnail of Laboratory evaluation of molluscicidal & mosquito larvicidal activities of leaves of Solanum nigrum L

Laboratory evaluation of molluscicidal & mosquito larvicidal activities of leaves of Solanum nigrum L

PubMed, Aug 1, 2014

Background & objectives: Indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides has created serious problem f... more Background & objectives: Indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides has created serious problem for the aquatic flora and fauna, and also resulted in appearance of pesticide resistance in vector population. This study was designed to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of aqueous and solvent extracts of mature leaves of Solanum nigrum L., against fresh water snail Lymnaea acuminata f. rufescens (Gray) (an intermediate host of parasites causing fasciolopsiasis) and larvae of Culex vishnui group (Reuben) (vector of Japanese encephalitis). Methods: Aqueous and solvent extracts of fresh, mature, green/shed dried leaves of S. nigrum were tested against adult L. acuminata and larvae of Cx. vishnui group. The lethal concentration was determined and the appropriate lethal concentration at 24 h of benzene extract was also studied on non target organisms such as Daphnia sp, Diplonychus annulatum and Chironomus circumdatus. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out in search of active ingredient and the chemical nature of the active substance was also evaluated by infrared (IR) analysis. Results: In a 72 h bioassay experiment with the aqueous extract, the highest mortality was recorded in 0.5 and 3 per cent extract against larvae of Cx. vishnui group and L. acuminata, respectivela. In the benzene solvent extract, the maximum mortality was recorded at a concentration of 150 ppm against L. acuminata and at 50 ppm against larvae of Cx. vishnui group with LC 50 values of 55.45 and 11.59 ppm, respectively at 72 h. The log probit analysis (95% confidence level) recorded lowest value at 72 h of exposure. Qualitative phytochemical analysis reported the presence of some biochemical compounds, such as saponin, flavonoids, steroid and tannin. Among these, the toxic compound was detected by IR analysis having Rf=0.87 (showed 66.70% and 76.70% mortality of L. acuminata and larvae of Cx. vishnui group, respectively). IR analysis provided preliminary information about the aliphatic amide nature of the active ingredient. Interpretation & conclusions: The study results provide considerable scope in exploiting local indigenous plant resources for molluscicidal and mosquito larvicidal activities.

Research paper thumbnail of Ecofriendly control of mosquito immature by two organic products: L(+)-tartaric acid and thiourea

Environmental Science: an Indian journal, 2012

The present study was designed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of two organic products namely... more The present study was designed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of two organic products namely L(+)-tartaric acid and thiourea against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The larvicidal activity of L(+)-tartaric acid and thiourea was tested against third instars larva of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Mortality was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 h of post-exposure. At different time intervals, LC 50 and LC 90 values were calculated. Exposure to three graded concentrations (1.00%, 1.20% and 1.40% w/v) of tartaric acid and thiourea result in significant larval mortality (p<0.05) that increased over time in both cases. No mortality was observed in non-target organisms such as Gambusia sp., Chironomus circumdatus, Poecilia reticulata and Diplonychus sp. following exposure to these compounds. Tartaric acid and thiourea may prove useful as potential mosquito control agents, but require field testing in natural larval habitat.

Research paper thumbnail of Mosquito larvicidal activity of solvent extracts of fruits of <i>Acacia auriculiformis</i> against Japanese encephalitis vector <i>Culex vishnui</i> group

Mosquito larvicidal activity of solvent extracts of fruits of Acacia auriculiformis against Japanese encephalitis vector Culex vishnui group

Journal of Mosquito Research, 2016

The purpose of present study was to determine the larvicidal activity of different solvent extrac... more The purpose of present study was to determine the larvicidal activity of different solvent extracts of fruits of Acacia auriculiformis against the 3 rd larval instar of Culex vishnui group. The solvent extracts of fruits of A. auriculiformis (concentrations were 100, 200, 300 ppm) showed varied results against 3 rd larval instars with highest mortality at 300 ppm. The percent mortality was higher in chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) extract than other extracts. The order of efficacy of different solvent extracts was chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) > absolute alcohol > n-Hexane > acetone > petroleum ether. Results of regression analyses showed that percentage mortalities were positively correlated with the concentrations. Probit analysis revealed LC 50 value and their LCL and UCL values at different time intervals and the lowest LC 50 value was obtained at 72 h of exposures. There was no mortality of non-target organisms after 24 h of exposure to lethal concentration (LC 50 value of chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) solvent extract at 24 h determined against 3rd instar larvae).

Research paper thumbnail of Glucosinolate from leaf of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) as a new mosquito larvicide

Glucosinolate from leaf of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) as a new mosquito larvicide

Parasitology Research, Oct 25, 2014

The present study was carried out to investigate the biocontrol potentiality of active ingredient... more The present study was carried out to investigate the biocontrol potentiality of active ingredient isolated from ethyl acetate extract of mature leaves of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) against the larval form of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Mortality rate at a concentration of 25 mg/L of the active compound was highest (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) amongst all tested concentrations. Result of log-probit analysis (at 95% confidence level) revealed that LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values are inversely proportional to exposure period of bioassay. A clear dose-dependent mortality was observed, as the rate of mortality (Y) was positively correlated with the concentrations of the compound (X); having regression coefficient value close to 1. The compound was found to be ecofriendly as it did not show any adverse effect to the studied nontarget organisms. Chemical characterization of the active ingredient was also carried out by infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR), mass analyses (GC-MS) and carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulphur analyses (CHNS), that revealed the presence of a glucosinolate compound [1-thio-ß-D-glucopyranose-1-[(R)-3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-N-hydroxysulfonyloxy propanimidate] having the molecular formula of C₁₁H₂₁NO₁₀S₂.

Research paper thumbnail of Functional Response of Fingerlings of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Silver carp) as Mosquito Larval Predator Against Culex vishnui Group

Functional Response of Fingerlings of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Silver carp) as Mosquito Larval Predator Against Culex vishnui Group

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Oct 3, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Phytochemical Analyses and Larvicidal Potentiality of Fruit Peel Extracts of <i>Citrus limetta</i> against Filarial Vector <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>

Phytochemical Analyses and Larvicidal Potentiality of Fruit Peel Extracts of Citrus limetta against Filarial Vector Culex quinquefasciatus

Journal of Mosquito Research, 2016

Different concentrations of crude and different solvents viz., n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and metha... more Different concentrations of crude and different solvents viz., n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fruit peel extracts of Citrus limetta Risso ( C. limetta ) were taken for investigation for larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 ( Cx. quinquefasciatus ) mosquito species. Crude extract showed good larvicidal activity with very low concentrations against 1 st - 4 th instars larvae. Only 3 rd instar larvae were taken for larvicidal bioassay experiments for each solvent extract. LC 50 values of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fruit peel extracts of C. limetta were 661.27, 1268, and 939.43 ppm respectively after 24 h of exposure. No mortality was observed on control treatments. Log probit analyses, regression equations, and R 2 values of larvicidal bioassay experiments with crude and different solvent extracts were determined. Statistical justification was done through ANOVA analyses. Qualitative phytochemical analyses were carried out and detected different secondary metabolites. No mortality was observed on tested non target organisms.

Research paper thumbnail of Mosquito larvicidal potential of four common medicinal plants of India

Mosquito larvicidal potential of four common medicinal plants of India

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jul 1, 2014

Mosquitoes transmit serious human health diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Plants ... more Mosquitoes transmit serious human health diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Plants may be sources of alternative mosquito control agents. The present study was carried out to assess the role of larvicidal activities of the crude extracts of four plants viz. Alternanthera sessilis L. (Amaranthaceae), Trema orientalis L. (Cannabaceae), Gardenia carinata Smith. (Rubiaceae) and Ruellia tuberosa L. (Acanthaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus Say in laboratory bioassay. Selective concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) of crude extract of all four plant leaves were tested against I st to IV th instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Log probit analysis (at 95% confidence level) revealed the LC50 values. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analyses of crude extracts were also done. The lethal concentrations (%) of crude extracts at 24 h against III rd instar larvae were also studied on non-target organisms. In a 72 h bioassay experiment with crude extract, the highest mortality was recorded in 1.5 per cent extract. A. sessilis showed the highest mortality (76.7%) at 1.5 per cent crude extract against II nd instar larvae having LC50 value of 0.35 per cent, followed by R. tuberosa (LC50 = 1.84%), G. carinata (LC50 = 2.11) and T. orientalis (LC50 = 2.95%). The regression equation showed a dose-dependent mortality, as the rate of mortality (Y) was positively correlated with the concentration (X). Phytochemical analysis of the crude extract showed the presence of many bioactive phytochemicals such as steroids, alkaloids, terpenes, saponins, etc. No changes in the swimming behaviour and survivality of non-target organism were noticed at the studied concentrations. Crude extract of the four selected plants showed larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus. The extracts at the studied concentrations did not produce any harmful effect on non-target organisms.

Research paper thumbnail of A Review on Mosquitocidal Activity of the Genus Solanum

International Journal of Zoological Investigations

As a vector, mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting deadly diseases such as Chikungunya feve... more As a vector, mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting deadly diseases such as Chikungunya fever, filariasis, encephalitis, West Nile Virus infection, malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, etc. To combat this problem, various techniques and strategies had been adopted to control the mosquito population. An alternative mosquito control strategy was available from ancient times that is the application of active toxic agents from plant extracts. This preference has several advantages over the consistent application of synthetic insecticides which cause resistance in vector species, harmful effects on environment and non-target organisms, including human health. From ancient times, plants have been used to control the vector mosquitoes, and still now, in many parts of the world, many researchers are looking for plant substances to kill the mosquitoes or cause repellency in mosquitoes. The phytochemicals that originate from the plant showed various activities such as larval mortality, d...

Research paper thumbnail of Aliphatic Amide from Seeds of <i>Carica papaya</i> as Mosquito Larvicide, Pupicide, Adulticide, Repellent and Smoke Toxicant

Journal of Mosquito Research, 2012

Crude and solvent extracts of seed extract of Carica papaya was investigated for anti-mosquito po... more Crude and solvent extracts of seed extract of Carica papaya was investigated for anti-mosquito potential, including larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, smoke toxicity and repellent activities against Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi, the vector of filaria and malaria, respectively. The mortality rate of 3rd larval instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi at 0.5% concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the mortality rates at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% concentrations of crude extract. Among the solvent extracts, the petroleum ether extract showed the highest mortality at 100 ppm with LC 50 and LC 90 values of 31.16 ppm and 341.86 ppm against Cx. quinquefasciatus; 18.39 ppm and 250.76 ppm against An. stephensi. In testing for pupicidal activity, this plant extract exhibited a slightly pupicidal potency with LC 50 values of 86.53 ppm and 72.16 ppm against Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi respectively. It showed repellency against the adult females of both mosquito species with 78 % and 92 % protection respectively. It also provided biting protection time of 4 h and 5 h respectively against Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi. In adulticidal activity there is 70% and 63.3% death of adult mosquito against Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi after 72 h. The smoke toxicity test showed that out of 200 adult mosquitoes, 190 adult mosquitoes of Cx. quinquefasciatus and 186 mosquitoes of An. stephensi dropped down at the floor after 5 h of smoke. One toxic compounds was detected having R f = 0.853 (80% and 83.3% mortality in 24 h respectively for Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi). IR analysis provided preliminary information about the polyhydroxy aliphatic amide nature of the active ingredient.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of mosquitocidal potency of leaves and fruits extracts of Phyllanthus acidus L. against filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say

Evaluation of mosquitocidal potency of leaves and fruits extracts of Phyllanthus acidus L. against filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say

International Journal of Mosquito Research

Research paper thumbnail of Functional Response of Fingerlings of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Silver carp) as Mosquito Larval Predator Against Culex vishnui Group

Functional Response of Fingerlings of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Silver carp) as Mosquito Larval Predator Against Culex vishnui Group

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Oct 3, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Glucosinolate from leaf of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) as a new mosquito larvicide

Glucosinolate from leaf of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) as a new mosquito larvicide

Parasitology Research, 2014

The present study was carried out to investigate the biocontrol potentiality of active ingredient... more The present study was carried out to investigate the biocontrol potentiality of active ingredient isolated from ethyl acetate extract of mature leaves of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) against the larval form of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Mortality rate at a concentration of 25 mg/L of the active compound was highest (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) amongst all tested concentrations. Result of log-probit analysis (at 95% confidence level) revealed that LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values are inversely proportional to exposure period of bioassay. A clear dose-dependent mortality was observed, as the rate of mortality (Y) was positively correlated with the concentrations of the compound (X); having regression coefficient value close to 1. The compound was found to be ecofriendly as it did not show any adverse effect to the studied nontarget organisms. Chemical characterization of the active ingredient was also carried out by infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR), mass analyses (GC-MS) and carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulphur analyses (CHNS), that revealed the presence of a glucosinolate compound [1-thio-ß-D-glucopyranose-1-[(R)-3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-N-hydroxysulfonyloxy propanimidate] having the molecular formula of C₁₁H₂₁NO₁₀S₂.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of four plant extracts against human pathogens

Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of four plant extracts against human pathogens

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2011

Page 1. S71 Document heading Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of four plant extracts agains... more Page 1. S71 Document heading Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of four plant extracts against human pathogens Anjali Rawani, Sudin Pal, GoutamChandra* Department of Zoology, Mosquito and Microbiology Research Units, University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India ...

Research paper thumbnail of Anthelmintic Activity of Plant Extracts and Synthesized Green Metal Nanoparticles Against Gut Helminths of Ruminants

Anthelmintic Activity of Plant Extracts and Synthesized Green Metal Nanoparticles Against Gut Helminths of Ruminants

Research paper thumbnail of Larvicidal efficacy of the mature leaf extract of Cajanus cajan against the vector of Japanese encephalitis

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, Oct 4, 2020

Vector borne diseases can be controlled by managing the mosquito population. So the present study... more Vector borne diseases can be controlled by managing the mosquito population. So the present study was done to evaluate larvicidal activities of Cajanus cajan mature leaf extracts against the Japanese encephalitis vector Culex vishnui. Crude and three different solvent extracts of C. cajan leaves were applied for larvicidal bioassay against the all instars larvae of Cx. vishnui. For statistical justifications log probit, regression and ANOVA analyses were performed. Non-target organisms were also evaluated against crude and ethyl acetate solvent extract of mature leaves. The IR analysis and GC-MS analyses were carried out to find out the active ingredient. 0.5% concentration of crude extract showed highest larval mortality after 72 h of exposure. Amongst the three tested solvent extracts namely n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v), ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most potent larvicidal activity. In ethyl acetate extract 100% mortality was found in 100 ppm concentration against 1st instar larvae after 72 h of exposure. Chemical characterization revealed that the active ingredient belongs to the flavonoids group of compound which might be responsible for larval toxicity. However, the bioassay against the non-target organisms revealed that, they were mostly safe to the extracts. The results support that C. cajan mature leaves can be used as an ecofriendly larvicidal agent against the Cx. vishnui in near future.

Research paper thumbnail of Potential biological control agents for the control of vector mosquitoes: A review

Potential biological control agents for the control of vector mosquitoes: A review

Notulae Scientia Biologicae, Mar 16, 2023

Research paper thumbnail of Advances of Natural Product in the Control of Malarial Parasite

Advances of Natural Product in the Control of Malarial Parasite

Research paper thumbnail of A Review on Recent Advances of Natural Products as Larvicides in Vector Control Management

Jordan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Mar 19, 2024

The mosquito, a biological vector, is responsible for the transmission of serious and dreaded dis... more The mosquito, a biological vector, is responsible for the transmission of serious and dreaded diseases worldwide. These diseases, which are chiefly endemic to tropical countries, cause millions of deaths each year. The significance of plant-based and environmentally friendly insecticides has increased in recent years. Due to their easy biodegradability and target selectivity, they can be used safely in aquatic environments. Despite their effectiveness in controlling target vector species, pesticide applications pose a threat as they can lead to increased chemical insecticide resistance, causing a rebound in vectorial capacity. This review explores the efficacy of phytochemicals in controlling mosquito populations. In mosquito control programs, phytochemicals play a significant role. Plants serve as an immense repository for primary and secondary metabolites. Various types of polar and nonpolar solvents can be used to extract the bioactive plant ingredient(s) from either the whole plant or a specific part of it. This literature review defines natural products and provides an overview of the different types of natural products that can be used to control mosquito larvae. Particularly, it examines the effectiveness of natural products in vector control without causing resistance or harm to non-target organisms. The purpose of this paper is to offer a comprehensive review of the use of natural products as mosquito larvicides and to underscore their potential as an alternative to traditional chemical methods. Ultimately, it encourages further research into the development and use of natural products for successful vector mosquito control.

Research paper thumbnail of Insect as food: search for new protein dietary sources – A review

Insect as food: search for new protein dietary sources – A review

Deleted Journal, Jan 20, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of mosquito larvicidal activity of fruit extracts of <i>Acacia auriculiformis</i> against the Japanese encephalitis vector <i>Culex vishnui</i>

Natural Product Research, Feb 19, 2018

The larvicidal potentiality of crude and ethyl acetate extracts of fruits of Acacia auriculiformi... more The larvicidal potentiality of crude and ethyl acetate extracts of fruits of Acacia auriculiformis was investigated against all the larval instars of JE vector Culex vishnui. The crude extract showed good results against all the larval instars with highest mortality at 0.09 %. Highest mortality was found at 300 ppm of ethyl acetate extract. Lowest LC50 value was obtained at 72h for third instar larvae. Non target organisms tested, showed no to very less mortality to ethyl acetate solvent extract. Presence of N-H stretching, a C=O stretching, C=C and C-N stretching vibrations of secondary amide or amine group were confirmed from IR analysis. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of three compounds namely Ethane 2-chloro-1,1-dimethoxy, Acetic acid, 1-methyl ether ester and [(trimethylsilyl)oxy)phenyl] -1,3-dimethylbutyl) -2, 6 dimethylphenoxy)(trimethyl) silane responsible for mosquito death.

Research paper thumbnail of Laboratory evaluation of molluscicidal & mosquito larvicidal activities of leaves of Solanum nigrum L

Laboratory evaluation of molluscicidal & mosquito larvicidal activities of leaves of Solanum nigrum L

PubMed, Aug 1, 2014

Background & objectives: Indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides has created serious problem f... more Background & objectives: Indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides has created serious problem for the aquatic flora and fauna, and also resulted in appearance of pesticide resistance in vector population. This study was designed to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of aqueous and solvent extracts of mature leaves of Solanum nigrum L., against fresh water snail Lymnaea acuminata f. rufescens (Gray) (an intermediate host of parasites causing fasciolopsiasis) and larvae of Culex vishnui group (Reuben) (vector of Japanese encephalitis). Methods: Aqueous and solvent extracts of fresh, mature, green/shed dried leaves of S. nigrum were tested against adult L. acuminata and larvae of Cx. vishnui group. The lethal concentration was determined and the appropriate lethal concentration at 24 h of benzene extract was also studied on non target organisms such as Daphnia sp, Diplonychus annulatum and Chironomus circumdatus. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out in search of active ingredient and the chemical nature of the active substance was also evaluated by infrared (IR) analysis. Results: In a 72 h bioassay experiment with the aqueous extract, the highest mortality was recorded in 0.5 and 3 per cent extract against larvae of Cx. vishnui group and L. acuminata, respectivela. In the benzene solvent extract, the maximum mortality was recorded at a concentration of 150 ppm against L. acuminata and at 50 ppm against larvae of Cx. vishnui group with LC 50 values of 55.45 and 11.59 ppm, respectively at 72 h. The log probit analysis (95% confidence level) recorded lowest value at 72 h of exposure. Qualitative phytochemical analysis reported the presence of some biochemical compounds, such as saponin, flavonoids, steroid and tannin. Among these, the toxic compound was detected by IR analysis having Rf=0.87 (showed 66.70% and 76.70% mortality of L. acuminata and larvae of Cx. vishnui group, respectively). IR analysis provided preliminary information about the aliphatic amide nature of the active ingredient. Interpretation & conclusions: The study results provide considerable scope in exploiting local indigenous plant resources for molluscicidal and mosquito larvicidal activities.

Research paper thumbnail of Ecofriendly control of mosquito immature by two organic products: L(+)-tartaric acid and thiourea

Environmental Science: an Indian journal, 2012

The present study was designed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of two organic products namely... more The present study was designed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of two organic products namely L(+)-tartaric acid and thiourea against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The larvicidal activity of L(+)-tartaric acid and thiourea was tested against third instars larva of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Mortality was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 h of post-exposure. At different time intervals, LC 50 and LC 90 values were calculated. Exposure to three graded concentrations (1.00%, 1.20% and 1.40% w/v) of tartaric acid and thiourea result in significant larval mortality (p<0.05) that increased over time in both cases. No mortality was observed in non-target organisms such as Gambusia sp., Chironomus circumdatus, Poecilia reticulata and Diplonychus sp. following exposure to these compounds. Tartaric acid and thiourea may prove useful as potential mosquito control agents, but require field testing in natural larval habitat.

Research paper thumbnail of Mosquito larvicidal activity of solvent extracts of fruits of <i>Acacia auriculiformis</i> against Japanese encephalitis vector <i>Culex vishnui</i> group

Mosquito larvicidal activity of solvent extracts of fruits of Acacia auriculiformis against Japanese encephalitis vector Culex vishnui group

Journal of Mosquito Research, 2016

The purpose of present study was to determine the larvicidal activity of different solvent extrac... more The purpose of present study was to determine the larvicidal activity of different solvent extracts of fruits of Acacia auriculiformis against the 3 rd larval instar of Culex vishnui group. The solvent extracts of fruits of A. auriculiformis (concentrations were 100, 200, 300 ppm) showed varied results against 3 rd larval instars with highest mortality at 300 ppm. The percent mortality was higher in chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) extract than other extracts. The order of efficacy of different solvent extracts was chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) > absolute alcohol > n-Hexane > acetone > petroleum ether. Results of regression analyses showed that percentage mortalities were positively correlated with the concentrations. Probit analysis revealed LC 50 value and their LCL and UCL values at different time intervals and the lowest LC 50 value was obtained at 72 h of exposures. There was no mortality of non-target organisms after 24 h of exposure to lethal concentration (LC 50 value of chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) solvent extract at 24 h determined against 3rd instar larvae).

Research paper thumbnail of Glucosinolate from leaf of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) as a new mosquito larvicide

Glucosinolate from leaf of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) as a new mosquito larvicide

Parasitology Research, Oct 25, 2014

The present study was carried out to investigate the biocontrol potentiality of active ingredient... more The present study was carried out to investigate the biocontrol potentiality of active ingredient isolated from ethyl acetate extract of mature leaves of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) against the larval form of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Mortality rate at a concentration of 25 mg/L of the active compound was highest (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) amongst all tested concentrations. Result of log-probit analysis (at 95% confidence level) revealed that LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values are inversely proportional to exposure period of bioassay. A clear dose-dependent mortality was observed, as the rate of mortality (Y) was positively correlated with the concentrations of the compound (X); having regression coefficient value close to 1. The compound was found to be ecofriendly as it did not show any adverse effect to the studied nontarget organisms. Chemical characterization of the active ingredient was also carried out by infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR), mass analyses (GC-MS) and carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulphur analyses (CHNS), that revealed the presence of a glucosinolate compound [1-thio-ß-D-glucopyranose-1-[(R)-3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-N-hydroxysulfonyloxy propanimidate] having the molecular formula of C₁₁H₂₁NO₁₀S₂.

Research paper thumbnail of Functional Response of Fingerlings of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Silver carp) as Mosquito Larval Predator Against Culex vishnui Group

Functional Response of Fingerlings of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Silver carp) as Mosquito Larval Predator Against Culex vishnui Group

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Oct 3, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Phytochemical Analyses and Larvicidal Potentiality of Fruit Peel Extracts of <i>Citrus limetta</i> against Filarial Vector <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>

Phytochemical Analyses and Larvicidal Potentiality of Fruit Peel Extracts of Citrus limetta against Filarial Vector Culex quinquefasciatus

Journal of Mosquito Research, 2016

Different concentrations of crude and different solvents viz., n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and metha... more Different concentrations of crude and different solvents viz., n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fruit peel extracts of Citrus limetta Risso ( C. limetta ) were taken for investigation for larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 ( Cx. quinquefasciatus ) mosquito species. Crude extract showed good larvicidal activity with very low concentrations against 1 st - 4 th instars larvae. Only 3 rd instar larvae were taken for larvicidal bioassay experiments for each solvent extract. LC 50 values of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol fruit peel extracts of C. limetta were 661.27, 1268, and 939.43 ppm respectively after 24 h of exposure. No mortality was observed on control treatments. Log probit analyses, regression equations, and R 2 values of larvicidal bioassay experiments with crude and different solvent extracts were determined. Statistical justification was done through ANOVA analyses. Qualitative phytochemical analyses were carried out and detected different secondary metabolites. No mortality was observed on tested non target organisms.

Research paper thumbnail of Mosquito larvicidal potential of four common medicinal plants of India

Mosquito larvicidal potential of four common medicinal plants of India

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jul 1, 2014

Mosquitoes transmit serious human health diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Plants ... more Mosquitoes transmit serious human health diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Plants may be sources of alternative mosquito control agents. The present study was carried out to assess the role of larvicidal activities of the crude extracts of four plants viz. Alternanthera sessilis L. (Amaranthaceae), Trema orientalis L. (Cannabaceae), Gardenia carinata Smith. (Rubiaceae) and Ruellia tuberosa L. (Acanthaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus Say in laboratory bioassay. Selective concentrations (0.5, 1 and 1.5%) of crude extract of all four plant leaves were tested against I st to IV th instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Log probit analysis (at 95% confidence level) revealed the LC50 values. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analyses of crude extracts were also done. The lethal concentrations (%) of crude extracts at 24 h against III rd instar larvae were also studied on non-target organisms. In a 72 h bioassay experiment with crude extract, the highest mortality was recorded in 1.5 per cent extract. A. sessilis showed the highest mortality (76.7%) at 1.5 per cent crude extract against II nd instar larvae having LC50 value of 0.35 per cent, followed by R. tuberosa (LC50 = 1.84%), G. carinata (LC50 = 2.11) and T. orientalis (LC50 = 2.95%). The regression equation showed a dose-dependent mortality, as the rate of mortality (Y) was positively correlated with the concentration (X). Phytochemical analysis of the crude extract showed the presence of many bioactive phytochemicals such as steroids, alkaloids, terpenes, saponins, etc. No changes in the swimming behaviour and survivality of non-target organism were noticed at the studied concentrations. Crude extract of the four selected plants showed larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus. The extracts at the studied concentrations did not produce any harmful effect on non-target organisms.

Research paper thumbnail of A Review on Mosquitocidal Activity of the Genus Solanum

International Journal of Zoological Investigations

As a vector, mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting deadly diseases such as Chikungunya feve... more As a vector, mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting deadly diseases such as Chikungunya fever, filariasis, encephalitis, West Nile Virus infection, malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, etc. To combat this problem, various techniques and strategies had been adopted to control the mosquito population. An alternative mosquito control strategy was available from ancient times that is the application of active toxic agents from plant extracts. This preference has several advantages over the consistent application of synthetic insecticides which cause resistance in vector species, harmful effects on environment and non-target organisms, including human health. From ancient times, plants have been used to control the vector mosquitoes, and still now, in many parts of the world, many researchers are looking for plant substances to kill the mosquitoes or cause repellency in mosquitoes. The phytochemicals that originate from the plant showed various activities such as larval mortality, d...

Research paper thumbnail of Aliphatic Amide from Seeds of <i>Carica papaya</i> as Mosquito Larvicide, Pupicide, Adulticide, Repellent and Smoke Toxicant

Journal of Mosquito Research, 2012

Crude and solvent extracts of seed extract of Carica papaya was investigated for anti-mosquito po... more Crude and solvent extracts of seed extract of Carica papaya was investigated for anti-mosquito potential, including larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, smoke toxicity and repellent activities against Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles stephensi, the vector of filaria and malaria, respectively. The mortality rate of 3rd larval instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi at 0.5% concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the mortality rates at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% concentrations of crude extract. Among the solvent extracts, the petroleum ether extract showed the highest mortality at 100 ppm with LC 50 and LC 90 values of 31.16 ppm and 341.86 ppm against Cx. quinquefasciatus; 18.39 ppm and 250.76 ppm against An. stephensi. In testing for pupicidal activity, this plant extract exhibited a slightly pupicidal potency with LC 50 values of 86.53 ppm and 72.16 ppm against Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi respectively. It showed repellency against the adult females of both mosquito species with 78 % and 92 % protection respectively. It also provided biting protection time of 4 h and 5 h respectively against Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi. In adulticidal activity there is 70% and 63.3% death of adult mosquito against Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi after 72 h. The smoke toxicity test showed that out of 200 adult mosquitoes, 190 adult mosquitoes of Cx. quinquefasciatus and 186 mosquitoes of An. stephensi dropped down at the floor after 5 h of smoke. One toxic compounds was detected having R f = 0.853 (80% and 83.3% mortality in 24 h respectively for Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi). IR analysis provided preliminary information about the polyhydroxy aliphatic amide nature of the active ingredient.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of mosquitocidal potency of leaves and fruits extracts of Phyllanthus acidus L. against filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say

Evaluation of mosquitocidal potency of leaves and fruits extracts of Phyllanthus acidus L. against filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say

International Journal of Mosquito Research

Research paper thumbnail of Functional Response of Fingerlings of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Silver carp) as Mosquito Larval Predator Against Culex vishnui Group

Functional Response of Fingerlings of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Silver carp) as Mosquito Larval Predator Against Culex vishnui Group

Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Oct 3, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Glucosinolate from leaf of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) as a new mosquito larvicide

Glucosinolate from leaf of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) as a new mosquito larvicide

Parasitology Research, 2014

The present study was carried out to investigate the biocontrol potentiality of active ingredient... more The present study was carried out to investigate the biocontrol potentiality of active ingredient isolated from ethyl acetate extract of mature leaves of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) against the larval form of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Mortality rate at a concentration of 25 mg/L of the active compound was highest (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) amongst all tested concentrations. Result of log-probit analysis (at 95% confidence level) revealed that LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values are inversely proportional to exposure period of bioassay. A clear dose-dependent mortality was observed, as the rate of mortality (Y) was positively correlated with the concentrations of the compound (X); having regression coefficient value close to 1. The compound was found to be ecofriendly as it did not show any adverse effect to the studied nontarget organisms. Chemical characterization of the active ingredient was also carried out by infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR), mass analyses (GC-MS) and carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen-sulphur analyses (CHNS), that revealed the presence of a glucosinolate compound [1-thio-ß-D-glucopyranose-1-[(R)-3-hydroxy-2-ethyl-N-hydroxysulfonyloxy propanimidate] having the molecular formula of C₁₁H₂₁NO₁₀S₂.

Research paper thumbnail of Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of four plant extracts against human pathogens

Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of four plant extracts against human pathogens

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2011

Page 1. S71 Document heading Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of four plant extracts agains... more Page 1. S71 Document heading Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of four plant extracts against human pathogens Anjali Rawani, Sudin Pal, GoutamChandra* Department of Zoology, Mosquito and Microbiology Research Units, University of Burdwan, West Bengal, India ...