Ann Hohmann - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ann Hohmann

American Journal of Psychiatry, 1994

Methadone maintenance outcome as a function of detoxification phobia was examined. Method: Opiate... more Methadone maintenance outcome as a function of detoxification phobia was examined. Method: Opiate addicts (N=271) in a 1983 random sample ofmethadone maintenance patients from three diverse populations were studied. Subjects from an individually assessed follow-up sample (N=1 02) were compared on detoxification phobia. Logistic regression analysis yielded best predictors of the phobia. Results: Phobic patients were more likely

DICP, 1991

Because of the pharmacologic powerof psychotropic medications, the potential for adverseeffects, ... more Because of the pharmacologic powerof psychotropic medications, the potential for adverseeffects, and the changing popularity of particularpsychotropic drugs, it is vitalfor phannacoepidemiologists to monitorthe prescribing patternsof these medications. Usingdata from the 1985 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey(NAMCS), this article assessespsychotropic medication prescribing by U.S. ambulatory care physicians. Psychotropic medications are classified into three categories: minortranquilizers (i.e., anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotics), antidepressants, and antipsychotics. The prescribing patternsof psychiatrists, primary care clinicians, and all other physicians are compared. Differences in psychotropic prescribing patternsby psychiatric diagnosis are examined as well. The excessive use of minortranquilizers, the continuing use of first-generation psychotropic medications (particularly minortranquilizers), and the lack of concordance between diagnoses and prescribed psychotropic medications are discussed.

Behavioral healthcare tomorrow

Clinical effectiveness research, like clinical efficacy research, is designed to establish a caus... more Clinical effectiveness research, like clinical efficacy research, is designed to establish a causal relationship between an intervention and an outcome. But instead of focusing on the intervention technology, clinical effectiveness research must focus on the rest of the "real-world" picture. To do that well, the research must be designed to answer complex questions about why the intervention "worked," for whom, and under what circumstances. It must also incorporate the theory and methods available from the social and behavioral sciences. A model is proposed to help clinical effectiveness researchers accomplish this.

Psychiatric Services, 1988

Data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study were used to compare the demographic characteris... more Data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study were used to compare the demographic characteristics and psychiatric symptomatology of persons classified into four groups based on source of mental health services: clergy only, mental health specialists only, both clergy and mental health specialists, and neither source. Those receiving services from both clergy and mental health specialists were more likely to have major affective and panic disorders than those who sought services from clergy or mental health specialists only or who sought services from neither. Those in the care of mental health specialists were more likely to have substance abuse disorders. Those in the care of clergy only were as likely as those seeing mental health specialists only to have serious mental disorders. The data make clear the need for formal linkages between clergy and mental health professionals.

Schizophrenia Bulletin, 1992

Quality of Life Research, 2007

Many of the Institutes, Agencies and Centers that make up the US Department of Health and Human S... more Many of the Institutes, Agencies and Centers that make up the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) have recognized the need for better instrumentation in health outcomes research, and provide support, both internally and externally, for research utilizing advances in measurement theory and computer technology (informatics). In this paper, representatives from several DHHS agencies and institutes will discuss their need for better instruments within their discipline and describe current or future initiatives for exploring the benefits of these technologies. Together, the perspectives underscore the importance of developing valid, precise, and efficient measures to capture the full burden of disease and treatment on patients. Initiatives, like the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) to create health-related quality of life item banks, represent a trans-DHHS effort to develop a standard set of measures for informing decision making in clinical research, practice, and health policy. This paper was written by authors in their capacity as employees of the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), but the views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent those of their Institute, Agency, or Center of DHHS.

Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 1990

The influence of patient and clinician ideology on clinical judgment was studied. Therapists each... more The influence of patient and clinician ideology on clinical judgment was studied. Therapists each rated two cases. One case had been altered to reflect either an extreme left-wing or extreme right-wing ideological orientation and the other case reflected no ideological commitment. Limited support was found for three hypotheses concerning therapist response to these cases. It is suggested that patient ideology, therapist ideology and their interaction influence clinical judgment and that clinicians need to be sensitive to possible "ideological countertransference." A patient walks into a therapist's office and says that he is anxious, depressed, and wants counseling. He has prayed, fasted and, attended healing services for relief, and though he still believes that only those in his small religious sect are saved, he thought he would try counseling with a "non-believing" therapist. What influence does the patient's ideology have on the therapist's We would like to thank

Medical Care, 1989

This paper examines the causes behind the gender differences in the prescription of psychotropic ... more This paper examines the causes behind the gender differences in the prescription of psychotropic medications by primary care physicians. The 1985 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data were used for the analysis. Women were more likely than men to receive prescriptions for anxiolytics and antidepressants but were equally likely to receive prescriptions for hypnotics/barbiturates and antipsychotics. Controlling for statistically significant presenting symptoms, physician diagnoses, and sociodemographic and health services factors, women were still more likely to receive a prescription for anxiolytics and antidepressants. The reasons, true and artifactual, for these differences are discussed. It is suggested that the artifactual reasons must be explored through experimental and/or observational research designs and not with cross-sectional data.

Journal of Gambling Behavior, 1989

The family environments of married pathological gamblers, alcoholics, and alcoholic gamblers were... more The family environments of married pathological gamblers, alcoholics, and alcoholic gamblers were measured with the Family Environment Scale (FES), a measure of 10 characteristics of family life. The total sample consists of 193 hospitalized patients, which includes 73 male alcoholics, 53 female alcoholics, and 67 male pathological gamblers, of whom 34 were alcoholics and 33 were not. All four treatment groups had a significantly lower degree of cohesion than normal controls. Male alcoholic gamblers reported significantly more conflict and less personal independence than controls, while male gamblers (nonalcoholics) reported less independence and intellectualcultural orientation. Male alcoholics (nongamblers) reported more conflict, less independence, intellectual-cultural orientation, and active-recreational orientation than normals. Female alcoholics (nongamblers) also reported less intellectual-cultural orientation and active-recreational orientation than normals. Except for one comparison, treatment groups did not differ from each other. The implications of these findings for models of addiction are discussed as well as their contribution to understanding family issues for pathological gamblers.

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1996

The NIH (National Institutes of Health) Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Su... more The NIH (National Institutes of Health) Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research requires investigators applying for NIH research funds to develop and, if funded, implement plans for the inclusion of women and minority populations in their research, when that research involves human participants. It is the purpose of this article to help investigators understand (a) the scientific context and rationale behind the NIH Guidelines ; (b) the NIH-defined concepts and the specific content of the NIH Guidelines ; and (c) how the intent of the NIH Guidelines is related to mental health services research, the most applied area of mental health research. The article also discusses where investigators can find additional information as they work to implement the NIH Guidelines .

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1994

This Special Section introduces a new section of the Journal oj Consulting and Clinical Psycholog... more This Special Section introduces a new section of the Journal oj Consulting and Clinical Psychology that will be periodically offered in future issues under the title "Clinical Research Methods." This introduction describes (a) the section's goals, (b) a conceptual framework and potential areas of methodological development, (c) a summary of the articles in the current Special Section and their evaluation in terms of the conceptual framework, and (d) editorial policies and procedures used to foster innovative development of clinical research methods.

Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1987

This study assessed the reliability, validity, discriminative accuracy, and factor structure of t... more This study assessed the reliability, validity, discriminative accuracy, and factor structure of the Detoxification Fear Survey Schedule (DFSS). Prevalence of detoxification fear and its correlates also were assessed. Random samples from three geographically, culturally, and racially disparate populations (N = 271) of treated opioid addicts were used. The DFSS had a test-retest r = .935 and demonstrated several indicants of validity. A briefer version (DFSS-14) showed superior psychometric properties and could identify correctly 81% of the detox fear subjects while it excluded 55% of nonfear subjects. The DFSS-14 had a replicated three-factor structure that accounted for 62.1% of total item variance in the validation sample. Factor two, probably best named dose reduction fear, was replicated in all populations. A cut-off score set at the nonfear mean is recommended for clinical use. A brief clinical interview of positive scorers quickly should eliminate false positives and, thus, efficiently identify most of those with detoxification fear.

Journal of Child and Family Studies, 1993

The National Plan for Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (National Institute of Me... more The National Plan for Research on Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (National Institute of Mental Health, 1990) has provided a coherent national strategy to address critical gaps in our knowledge of mental disorders in children and adolescents. The National Plan, which expanded upon the Institute of Medicine's (1989) landmark report, specifies the need for research in a variety of areas that encompass basic, clinical and applied research domains, with the purpose of understanding and alleviating the distresses often associated with social, emotional, neurological, and behavioral disorders in youth. Some of the areas in which the need for scientific study is most acute include the epidemiology of childhood disorders, care and effectiveness of interventions for children, delivery of services to youth and their families, and service system organization and financing.

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1991

Primary care practitioners are significant providers of mental health services to older Americans... more Primary care practitioners are significant providers of mental health services to older Americans. The most common mental health service provided by primary care practitioners to this segment of the population is psychotropic drugs. A US national data base was analyzed to compare the psychotropic prescribing patterns of primary care practitioners with psychiatrists and other office-based specialists in both the early and mid 1980s. Prescribing patterns for six different classes of psychotropics were contrasted for patients 55 years of age and older and those 15-54. Results indicate that primary care practitioners were by far the largest prescribers of psychotropics for patients 55 and over at both time periods. This pattern held for most of the individual psychotropic drug classes. In contrast to psychiatrists, primary care practitioners infrequently included a mental disorder diagnosis when they prescribed a psychotropic drug. In addition, primary care practitioners included a mental disorder diagnosis less frequently when they prescribed for the older group than when they prescribed for the younger group. These findings may be used to benefit the training of non-psychiatrist physicians in the diagnosing and treating of mental health disorders found among older adults. KEY wows-Primary care, psychiatrists, Psychotropic medications, elderly. Primary care practitioners play a critical role in the delivery of mental health services to the US population. About 60% of patients receiving mental health care services obtain them from primary care practitioners, including family practitioners,

International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1989

This article presents the results of a systematic review of two decades of research on nursing ho... more This article presents the results of a systematic review of two decades of research on nursing home populations in three major psychiatric journals. The review indicates that very little psychiatric research has been undertaken in nursing home settings. The work that has been done is more often qualitative: case studies, program reports or reviews of the research, rather than quantitative research studies. The small amount of empirical research that has been published has suffered from sampling, design, and analytic shortcomings. Until recently, there has been little funded psychiatric research in nursing home settings, reflected in a worse than average disapproval rate for NIMH grant submissions involving nursing home populations. The implications of this review are discussed and recommendations are made for advancing this area of study among mental health professionals. K F Y wofm-Nursing homes, psychiatric disorders, research methods.

Health Psychology, 2000

This field experiment examined effects of a support intervention on the physical and mental healt... more This field experiment examined effects of a support intervention on the physical and mental health of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery patients. Control participants (N = 90) received usual hospital care; experimental participants (N = 100) also received visits from a "similar other" while in the hospital. Similar others were Veterans Administration veterans who had CABG surgery previously and were trained in simple supportive techniques. Outcomes were assessed prior to surgery and at 1, 6, and 12 months afterwards. Unexpectedly, the intervention generally had no effects on participants' well-being. Further analysis showed that participants who talked often with fellow cardiac patients in the hospital ("de facto similar others") experienced improvements in their physical and emotional well-being over time.

Counseling and Values, 1990

... Login to save citations to My List. Citation. Database: PsycINFO. [Journal Article]. The effe... more ... Login to save citations to My List. Citation. Database: PsycINFO. [Journal Article]. The effect of client and counselor values on clinical judgment. Gartner, John; Harmatz, Morton; Hohmann, Ann; Larson, David; et al. Counseling and Values, Vol 35(1), Oct 1990, 58-62. Abstract. ...

The British Journal of Psychiatry, 1990

Using data from the first community-based, epidemiological survey of Puerto Rico, this paper exam... more Using data from the first community-based, epidemiological survey of Puerto Rico, this paper examines the current prevalence of use of spiritist healers by Puerto Ricans, the role of spiritism in the provision of mental health services, and the association between spiritism and psychiatric disorders and symptoms. Those who visit spiritists were found to be more likely to work outside the home, to have a low family income, to have sought help for emotional problems from mental health professionals, and to have mild symptoms of depression.