Anna Llanos-Antczak - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Books by Anna Llanos-Antczak

Research paper thumbnail of WOJNA XXI WIEKU. Początki wojny „trzeciej fali”

Monografia została podzielona na trzy części. Pierwsza dotyczy konceptualizacji pojęcia wojny. Bę... more Monografia została podzielona na trzy części. Pierwsza dotyczy konceptualizacji pojęcia wojny. Będzie ono analizowane przez pryzmat geopolityki, kultury strategicznej, aspektów militarnych, ekonomicznych, informacyjnych i technologicznych.
Rozdział pierwszy koncentruje się na ukazaniu nowych wymiarów wojny wraz z czynnikami ją powodującymi skontrastowane z wojnami „starymi” (aktorzy, motywy, cele, sposoby prowadzenia, środki i narzędzia).Kolejny rozdział to próba identyfikacji elementów decydujących o organizacji
przestrzeni bezpieczeństwa w kontekście wojny. Najrozleglejsza część monografii została poświęcona wybranym wymiarom
wojny ponowoczesnej. Tę część otwiera rozdział dotyczący relacji pomiędzy wojną i sposobami jej prowadzenia oraz używanymi narzędziami a kulturą polityczno-strategiczną państw. Kolejne rozdziały dotyczą wojny informacyjnej w XXI wieku, wybranych nowoczesnych koncepcji prowadzenia walki zbrojnej we wszystkich wymiarach. Wskazano w niej na militarne wykorzystanie cyberprzestrzeni, rozwój autonomicznych systemów w każdym wymiarze współczesnego pola walki oraz militaryzację przestrzeni kosmicznej. Dokonano również analizy funkcji państwa w czasie wojny

Papers by Anna Llanos-Antczak

Research paper thumbnail of Manipulation and Propaganda in the Russian Media: The Case of the Vriemia News Programme (2017-2019)

Contemporary Economics, 2021

Information is a powerful tool used in any society and by any nation to create excepted perceptio... more Information is a powerful tool used in any society and by any nation to create excepted perception of reality. Russian information operations have always been a very interesting example of using various media to manipulate international and domestic opinion in support of national (government) objectives. The situation has not changed in the contemporary information environment based on the nation’s experiences and skilful utilization of emerging tools and technologies. Those capabilities are used pragmatically by Kremlin-controlled media to shape the future among younger people. In this respect, the paper is based on research conducted in selected Moscow and Saint Petersburg universities, responsible for educating future generations. The research is based on young adults’ perception of the information provided by Channel One (Russian: Первый канал). This is the most influential and popular television channel controlled by the current government; therefore, it plays a significant rol...

Research paper thumbnail of Security dilemmas of the Baltic region

Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne, Dec 12, 2018

The aim of the paper is to provide an analysis of security in the Baltic region, regarding the de... more The aim of the paper is to provide an analysis of security in the Baltic region, regarding the decision taken by NATO toward strengthening the security of the Baltic region when facing the threat from the East. It looks deeper into geostrategy as one of the keys to understand the vagaries of security dilemmas in the Baltic area. The article presents a situation analysis from both the Baltic states' and NATO's perspectives, having as a background recent actions undertaken by Russia.

Research paper thumbnail of Perspectives of Shifting From Oil-Based Economy to Knowledge-Based Economy in Saudi Arabia

Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration

This paper examines the role of Saudi Arabia’s economic sectors in creating or rather transformin... more This paper examines the role of Saudi Arabia’s economic sectors in creating or rather transforming into a knowledge-based economy. It determines major enablers that could support the process. Judgments and opinions are used to make some general recommendations for the shift from an oil-based economy into a knowledge-based economy in the long term. As a main finding, it identifies four areas contributing most to that transformation: changes in the private sector and in the household (including education gaps and professional exclusion, especially of women), government support (including research and education, innovations, and new technologies, especially communications) and human capital (talent management).

Research paper thumbnail of Rozważania o obronności Rzeczypospolitej Doktryny i rzeczywistość

Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM KAAFM, 2017

Żadna część tej publikacji nie może być powielana ani magazynowana w sposób umożliwiający ponowne... more Żadna część tej publikacji nie może być powielana ani magazynowana w sposób umożliwiający ponowne wykorzystanie, ani też rozpowszechniana w jakiejkolwiek formie za pomocą środków elektronicznych, mechanicznych, kopiujących, nagrywających i innych, bez uprzedniej pisemnej zgody właściciela praw autorskich Na zlecenie: Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego www.ka.edu.pl

Research paper thumbnail of Evolution of Regional Cooperation Frameworks in Eastern Europe (1990–2021). The Role of Poland as a Regional Actor

Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne, 2022

Poland’s power plays an important role in building the image and international position of the co... more Poland’s power plays an important role in building the image and international position of the country in the region. It is a good starting point to conduct a proactive policy, which gives Poland the opportunity to act on behalf or in defence of smaller regional neighbours. This, of course, can increase Poland’s own significance and potentially opens new political opportunities to contribute to the realization of its own geostrategic interests and goals; in this sense, broadening its influence. It is therefore worth analysing the roles that Poland plays within its region and find the answer to the question of how its position evolves, and to what extent regional roles have an impact on the international position and strength of the state in the European Union. The paper argues that Poland does not effectively exploit cooperation in regional organizations. Thus, its role remains below its own capabilities and it is inferior to the nation’s ambitions. Nevertheless, there is still potential to strengthen the state’s position and its international role in the European Union and beyond.

Research paper thumbnail of Manipulation and Propaganda in the Russian Media: The Case of the Vriemia News Programme (2017-2019)

Contemporary Economics, 2022

Information is a powerful tool used in any society and by any nation to create excepted perceptio... more Information is a powerful tool used in any society and by any nation to create excepted perception of reality. Russian information operations have always been a very interesting example of using various media to manipulate international and domestic opinion in support of national (government) objectives. The situation has not changed in the contemporary information environment based on the nation’s experiences and skilful utilization of emerging tools and technologies. Those capabilities are used pragmatically by Kremlin-controlled media to shape the future among younger people. In this respect, the paper is based on research conducted in selected Moscow and Saint Petersburg universities, responsible for educating future generations. The research is based on young adults’ perception of the information provided by Channel One (Russian: Первый канал). This is the most influential and popular television channel controlled by the current government; therefore, it plays a significant role in spreading propaganda to shape the perception of the realm by domestic and foreign audiences alike. The authors conducted research in the years 2017-2019, employing the survey method to find out what is the effect of television-based propaganda type of information to manipulate the recipients. The research revealed that, although the Russian media strongly influences the study group, the respondents recognize the utilization of propaganda, which is founded on a one-sided narrative, and they are not easily manipulated. Moreover, the results presented that there is an interdependence between the favourable opinions about Channel One’s Vriemia news coverage and vulnerability to manipulation and propaganda techniques.

Research paper thumbnail of Evolution of Regional Cooperation Frameworks in Eastern Europe (1990–2021). The Role of Poland as a Regional Actor

Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne

Poland’s power plays an important role in building the image and international position of the co... more Poland’s power plays an important role in building the image and international position of the country in the region. It is a good starting point to conduct a proactive policy, which gives Poland the opportunity to act on behalf or in defence of smaller regional neighbours. This, of course, can increase Poland’s own significance and potentially opens new political opportunities to contribute to the realization of its own geostrategic interests and goals; in this sense, broadening its influence. It is therefore worth analysing the roles that Poland plays within its region and find the answer to the question of how its position evolves, and to what extent regional roles have an impact on the international position and strength of the state in the European Union. The paper argues that Poland does not effectively exploit cooperation in regional organizations. Thus, its role remains below its own capabilities and it is inferior to the nation’s ambitions. Nevertheless, there is still pote...

Research paper thumbnail of Specificity of Preparing Educational Offer for International Students

The article aims at presenting the research results concerning specific requirements and preferen... more The article aims at presenting the research results concerning specific requirements and preferences of international student in the process of choosing higher education offer. It focuses on cultural differences with respect to these preference and certain behaviors and choice patterns.

Research paper thumbnail of Separatyzm baskijski

Sprawy Narodowościowe, 2022

Basque SeparatismThis article examines the origins of Basque nationalism, major reasons why the t... more Basque SeparatismThis article examines the origins of Basque nationalism, major reasons why the terrorist organization ETA was founded, and the evolution of ETA’s activities. Alongside this discussion, a parallel history of moderate nationalism pursued by the Basque Nationalist Party is also examined. The article adopts a historical approach, since Basque nationalism has evolved in a specific way, and the historical, political and systemic changes influenced the Basque Country in a different way than other regions of Spain.In the literature, researchers show that Basque citizens are characterized by a strong sense of national identity. This is due firstly to the fact that many Basques identify themselves with the Basque Country rather than with Spain, which indicates a clear declaration of their national identity. This means that the Basques consider themselves a separate nation. The consequence of this is their desire to have a greater autonomy, preferably under the Spanish federal...

Research paper thumbnail of Poland’s security policy: the West Russia and the changing international order

Journal of Transatlantic Studies, 2018

Reviewed by Dr. Andriy Tyushka Edited by M.A. Lukas Becht Whereas now, in the midst of the rule o... more Reviewed by Dr. Andriy Tyushka Edited by M.A. Lukas Becht Whereas now, in the midst of the rule of law spat with the European Union, it is rather the domestic political situation in Poland that draws most attention in academia and among the policymaking community, the country's foreign and security policy, too, falls under the loop of security scholars and professionals-particularly since Russia's hybrid overtures in Ukrainian Crimea and Donbas as well as further afield in post-2014 Europe.

Research paper thumbnail of Russia's Strategic Culture: Prisoner of Imperial History?

Research paper thumbnail of China’s Quest in the South and East China Sea: The Struggle Between Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism La misión de China en el Mar de China Meridional y Oriental: la lucha entre realismo, liberalismo y constructivismo

The issue of territorial disputes in Asia, particularly the South and the East China Sea argument... more The issue of territorial disputes in Asia, particularly the South and the East China Sea arguments is nothing new in the region. Nowadays, the international community has closely watched the situation because the irresolution of the disputes has caused a major backlash to the bilateral relationships among the disputants as well as the stability of the region. The main aim of this article is to look at the problem from three different theoretical perspectives: realism, liberalism and constructivism and to answer the following question: which of the three paradigms provide best theoretical tools to explain China’s quest in the South and East China Sea? Although all theories make important points to help to understand the problem, it seems that constructivists, relating to the theory of metanarratives provides the best solutions, lacking evident simplifications.

Research paper thumbnail of The Notion of Competence

The chapter provides a review of concepts related to competences. It includes an analysis of appr... more The chapter provides a review of concepts related to competences. It includes an analysis of approaches to qualifications and competences, and methods of defining the concept of competence. It also presents classification and types of competences. It reviews definitions and concepts with respect to different approaches: individual competences, managerial competences and the importance of competences for the organization. Particular attention is devoted to individual competences in relation to effectiveness. It showcases a theoretical approach to the issue. The chapter also gives an overview of selected competence-related research and their impact on effectiveness. In addition, the chapter raises the issue of building competence profiles and characterizes the selected methods for assessing and measuring competences.

Research paper thumbnail of Personal Sellers’ Competences—Research Remarks

The chapter presents the results of the empirical research (survey) which was designed to identif... more The chapter presents the results of the empirical research (survey) which was designed to identify the key competences necessary in personal selling, especially in relation to a cross-cultural environment. The study involved eight competences, which were operationalized in the research process. These competences are: customer orientation, interpersonal communication, leadership, motivation, attitude towards work, coping with stress, knowledge and experience and learning. The results of the study are developed based on age and gender differences. It turns out that older persons pay more attention to interpersonal communication, learning and leadership in the sales process. Moreover, there were noted several differences in self-assessment between women and men in terms of the studied competences.

Research paper thumbnail of Role Unii Europejskiej wobec Afryki Subsaharyjskiej

Research paper thumbnail of Active Engagement , Modern Defence ” : New Nato Strategic Concept or Political Declaration ?

Autor(i) / Author(s): Antczak Anna Článok / Article: „Active Engagement, Modern Defence“: New NAT... more Autor(i) / Author(s): Antczak Anna Článok / Article: „Active Engagement, Modern Defence“: New NATO Strategic Concept or Political Declaration? / „Aktívna angažovanosť, moderná obrana“: Nová strategická koncepcia NATO alebo politická deklarácia? Vydavateľ / Publisher: Fakulta politických vied a medzinárodných vzťahov – UMB Banská Bystrica / Faculty of Political Sciences and International Relations – UMB Banská Bystrica

Research paper thumbnail of BASQUE SEPARATISM (Separatyzm baskijski)

Research paper thumbnail of Zmiany w środowisku bezpieczeństwa Polski w warunkach członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Agent’s Characteristics and Competences in Personal Selling in Higher Education Sector—Research Remarks

The chapter provides an analysis of empirical research results related to the perception of agent... more The chapter provides an analysis of empirical research results related to the perception of agents’ competences by their customers. It examines to what extent cultural, gender or age differences influence the perception and evaluation of a personal seller’s performance. The main aim of the research was to find out what kind of differences there are between European and Asian respondents (also with further intra-group divisions with respect to sex and age) in the perception of certain competences of a personal seller. Taking into consideration quite significant cultural differences with respect to the models of behavior, the region of origin plays a key role in determining the significance of competences of personal sellers. European respondents pay more attention to the content of the offer while Asian respondents are more attuned to the way it is delivered, and to agents’ behavior, manners and appearance

Research paper thumbnail of WOJNA XXI WIEKU. Początki wojny „trzeciej fali”

Monografia została podzielona na trzy części. Pierwsza dotyczy konceptualizacji pojęcia wojny. Bę... more Monografia została podzielona na trzy części. Pierwsza dotyczy konceptualizacji pojęcia wojny. Będzie ono analizowane przez pryzmat geopolityki, kultury strategicznej, aspektów militarnych, ekonomicznych, informacyjnych i technologicznych.
Rozdział pierwszy koncentruje się na ukazaniu nowych wymiarów wojny wraz z czynnikami ją powodującymi skontrastowane z wojnami „starymi” (aktorzy, motywy, cele, sposoby prowadzenia, środki i narzędzia).Kolejny rozdział to próba identyfikacji elementów decydujących o organizacji
przestrzeni bezpieczeństwa w kontekście wojny. Najrozleglejsza część monografii została poświęcona wybranym wymiarom
wojny ponowoczesnej. Tę część otwiera rozdział dotyczący relacji pomiędzy wojną i sposobami jej prowadzenia oraz używanymi narzędziami a kulturą polityczno-strategiczną państw. Kolejne rozdziały dotyczą wojny informacyjnej w XXI wieku, wybranych nowoczesnych koncepcji prowadzenia walki zbrojnej we wszystkich wymiarach. Wskazano w niej na militarne wykorzystanie cyberprzestrzeni, rozwój autonomicznych systemów w każdym wymiarze współczesnego pola walki oraz militaryzację przestrzeni kosmicznej. Dokonano również analizy funkcji państwa w czasie wojny

Research paper thumbnail of Manipulation and Propaganda in the Russian Media: The Case of the Vriemia News Programme (2017-2019)

Contemporary Economics, 2021

Information is a powerful tool used in any society and by any nation to create excepted perceptio... more Information is a powerful tool used in any society and by any nation to create excepted perception of reality. Russian information operations have always been a very interesting example of using various media to manipulate international and domestic opinion in support of national (government) objectives. The situation has not changed in the contemporary information environment based on the nation’s experiences and skilful utilization of emerging tools and technologies. Those capabilities are used pragmatically by Kremlin-controlled media to shape the future among younger people. In this respect, the paper is based on research conducted in selected Moscow and Saint Petersburg universities, responsible for educating future generations. The research is based on young adults’ perception of the information provided by Channel One (Russian: Первый канал). This is the most influential and popular television channel controlled by the current government; therefore, it plays a significant rol...

Research paper thumbnail of Security dilemmas of the Baltic region

Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne, Dec 12, 2018

The aim of the paper is to provide an analysis of security in the Baltic region, regarding the de... more The aim of the paper is to provide an analysis of security in the Baltic region, regarding the decision taken by NATO toward strengthening the security of the Baltic region when facing the threat from the East. It looks deeper into geostrategy as one of the keys to understand the vagaries of security dilemmas in the Baltic area. The article presents a situation analysis from both the Baltic states' and NATO's perspectives, having as a background recent actions undertaken by Russia.

Research paper thumbnail of Perspectives of Shifting From Oil-Based Economy to Knowledge-Based Economy in Saudi Arabia

Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration

This paper examines the role of Saudi Arabia’s economic sectors in creating or rather transformin... more This paper examines the role of Saudi Arabia’s economic sectors in creating or rather transforming into a knowledge-based economy. It determines major enablers that could support the process. Judgments and opinions are used to make some general recommendations for the shift from an oil-based economy into a knowledge-based economy in the long term. As a main finding, it identifies four areas contributing most to that transformation: changes in the private sector and in the household (including education gaps and professional exclusion, especially of women), government support (including research and education, innovations, and new technologies, especially communications) and human capital (talent management).

Research paper thumbnail of Rozważania o obronności Rzeczypospolitej Doktryny i rzeczywistość

Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM KAAFM, 2017

Żadna część tej publikacji nie może być powielana ani magazynowana w sposób umożliwiający ponowne... more Żadna część tej publikacji nie może być powielana ani magazynowana w sposób umożliwiający ponowne wykorzystanie, ani też rozpowszechniana w jakiejkolwiek formie za pomocą środków elektronicznych, mechanicznych, kopiujących, nagrywających i innych, bez uprzedniej pisemnej zgody właściciela praw autorskich Na zlecenie: Krakowskiej Akademii im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego www.ka.edu.pl

Research paper thumbnail of Evolution of Regional Cooperation Frameworks in Eastern Europe (1990–2021). The Role of Poland as a Regional Actor

Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne, 2022

Poland’s power plays an important role in building the image and international position of the co... more Poland’s power plays an important role in building the image and international position of the country in the region. It is a good starting point to conduct a proactive policy, which gives Poland the opportunity to act on behalf or in defence of smaller regional neighbours. This, of course, can increase Poland’s own significance and potentially opens new political opportunities to contribute to the realization of its own geostrategic interests and goals; in this sense, broadening its influence. It is therefore worth analysing the roles that Poland plays within its region and find the answer to the question of how its position evolves, and to what extent regional roles have an impact on the international position and strength of the state in the European Union. The paper argues that Poland does not effectively exploit cooperation in regional organizations. Thus, its role remains below its own capabilities and it is inferior to the nation’s ambitions. Nevertheless, there is still potential to strengthen the state’s position and its international role in the European Union and beyond.

Research paper thumbnail of Manipulation and Propaganda in the Russian Media: The Case of the Vriemia News Programme (2017-2019)

Contemporary Economics, 2022

Information is a powerful tool used in any society and by any nation to create excepted perceptio... more Information is a powerful tool used in any society and by any nation to create excepted perception of reality. Russian information operations have always been a very interesting example of using various media to manipulate international and domestic opinion in support of national (government) objectives. The situation has not changed in the contemporary information environment based on the nation’s experiences and skilful utilization of emerging tools and technologies. Those capabilities are used pragmatically by Kremlin-controlled media to shape the future among younger people. In this respect, the paper is based on research conducted in selected Moscow and Saint Petersburg universities, responsible for educating future generations. The research is based on young adults’ perception of the information provided by Channel One (Russian: Первый канал). This is the most influential and popular television channel controlled by the current government; therefore, it plays a significant role in spreading propaganda to shape the perception of the realm by domestic and foreign audiences alike. The authors conducted research in the years 2017-2019, employing the survey method to find out what is the effect of television-based propaganda type of information to manipulate the recipients. The research revealed that, although the Russian media strongly influences the study group, the respondents recognize the utilization of propaganda, which is founded on a one-sided narrative, and they are not easily manipulated. Moreover, the results presented that there is an interdependence between the favourable opinions about Channel One’s Vriemia news coverage and vulnerability to manipulation and propaganda techniques.

Research paper thumbnail of Evolution of Regional Cooperation Frameworks in Eastern Europe (1990–2021). The Role of Poland as a Regional Actor

Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne

Poland’s power plays an important role in building the image and international position of the co... more Poland’s power plays an important role in building the image and international position of the country in the region. It is a good starting point to conduct a proactive policy, which gives Poland the opportunity to act on behalf or in defence of smaller regional neighbours. This, of course, can increase Poland’s own significance and potentially opens new political opportunities to contribute to the realization of its own geostrategic interests and goals; in this sense, broadening its influence. It is therefore worth analysing the roles that Poland plays within its region and find the answer to the question of how its position evolves, and to what extent regional roles have an impact on the international position and strength of the state in the European Union. The paper argues that Poland does not effectively exploit cooperation in regional organizations. Thus, its role remains below its own capabilities and it is inferior to the nation’s ambitions. Nevertheless, there is still pote...

Research paper thumbnail of Specificity of Preparing Educational Offer for International Students

The article aims at presenting the research results concerning specific requirements and preferen... more The article aims at presenting the research results concerning specific requirements and preferences of international student in the process of choosing higher education offer. It focuses on cultural differences with respect to these preference and certain behaviors and choice patterns.

Research paper thumbnail of Separatyzm baskijski

Sprawy Narodowościowe, 2022

Basque SeparatismThis article examines the origins of Basque nationalism, major reasons why the t... more Basque SeparatismThis article examines the origins of Basque nationalism, major reasons why the terrorist organization ETA was founded, and the evolution of ETA’s activities. Alongside this discussion, a parallel history of moderate nationalism pursued by the Basque Nationalist Party is also examined. The article adopts a historical approach, since Basque nationalism has evolved in a specific way, and the historical, political and systemic changes influenced the Basque Country in a different way than other regions of Spain.In the literature, researchers show that Basque citizens are characterized by a strong sense of national identity. This is due firstly to the fact that many Basques identify themselves with the Basque Country rather than with Spain, which indicates a clear declaration of their national identity. This means that the Basques consider themselves a separate nation. The consequence of this is their desire to have a greater autonomy, preferably under the Spanish federal...

Research paper thumbnail of Poland’s security policy: the West Russia and the changing international order

Journal of Transatlantic Studies, 2018

Reviewed by Dr. Andriy Tyushka Edited by M.A. Lukas Becht Whereas now, in the midst of the rule o... more Reviewed by Dr. Andriy Tyushka Edited by M.A. Lukas Becht Whereas now, in the midst of the rule of law spat with the European Union, it is rather the domestic political situation in Poland that draws most attention in academia and among the policymaking community, the country's foreign and security policy, too, falls under the loop of security scholars and professionals-particularly since Russia's hybrid overtures in Ukrainian Crimea and Donbas as well as further afield in post-2014 Europe.

Research paper thumbnail of Russia's Strategic Culture: Prisoner of Imperial History?

Research paper thumbnail of China’s Quest in the South and East China Sea: The Struggle Between Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism La misión de China en el Mar de China Meridional y Oriental: la lucha entre realismo, liberalismo y constructivismo

The issue of territorial disputes in Asia, particularly the South and the East China Sea argument... more The issue of territorial disputes in Asia, particularly the South and the East China Sea arguments is nothing new in the region. Nowadays, the international community has closely watched the situation because the irresolution of the disputes has caused a major backlash to the bilateral relationships among the disputants as well as the stability of the region. The main aim of this article is to look at the problem from three different theoretical perspectives: realism, liberalism and constructivism and to answer the following question: which of the three paradigms provide best theoretical tools to explain China’s quest in the South and East China Sea? Although all theories make important points to help to understand the problem, it seems that constructivists, relating to the theory of metanarratives provides the best solutions, lacking evident simplifications.

Research paper thumbnail of The Notion of Competence

The chapter provides a review of concepts related to competences. It includes an analysis of appr... more The chapter provides a review of concepts related to competences. It includes an analysis of approaches to qualifications and competences, and methods of defining the concept of competence. It also presents classification and types of competences. It reviews definitions and concepts with respect to different approaches: individual competences, managerial competences and the importance of competences for the organization. Particular attention is devoted to individual competences in relation to effectiveness. It showcases a theoretical approach to the issue. The chapter also gives an overview of selected competence-related research and their impact on effectiveness. In addition, the chapter raises the issue of building competence profiles and characterizes the selected methods for assessing and measuring competences.

Research paper thumbnail of Personal Sellers’ Competences—Research Remarks

The chapter presents the results of the empirical research (survey) which was designed to identif... more The chapter presents the results of the empirical research (survey) which was designed to identify the key competences necessary in personal selling, especially in relation to a cross-cultural environment. The study involved eight competences, which were operationalized in the research process. These competences are: customer orientation, interpersonal communication, leadership, motivation, attitude towards work, coping with stress, knowledge and experience and learning. The results of the study are developed based on age and gender differences. It turns out that older persons pay more attention to interpersonal communication, learning and leadership in the sales process. Moreover, there were noted several differences in self-assessment between women and men in terms of the studied competences.

Research paper thumbnail of Role Unii Europejskiej wobec Afryki Subsaharyjskiej

Research paper thumbnail of Active Engagement , Modern Defence ” : New Nato Strategic Concept or Political Declaration ?

Autor(i) / Author(s): Antczak Anna Článok / Article: „Active Engagement, Modern Defence“: New NAT... more Autor(i) / Author(s): Antczak Anna Článok / Article: „Active Engagement, Modern Defence“: New NATO Strategic Concept or Political Declaration? / „Aktívna angažovanosť, moderná obrana“: Nová strategická koncepcia NATO alebo politická deklarácia? Vydavateľ / Publisher: Fakulta politických vied a medzinárodných vzťahov – UMB Banská Bystrica / Faculty of Political Sciences and International Relations – UMB Banská Bystrica

Research paper thumbnail of BASQUE SEPARATISM (Separatyzm baskijski)

Research paper thumbnail of Zmiany w środowisku bezpieczeństwa Polski w warunkach członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej

Research paper thumbnail of The Role of Agent’s Characteristics and Competences in Personal Selling in Higher Education Sector—Research Remarks

The chapter provides an analysis of empirical research results related to the perception of agent... more The chapter provides an analysis of empirical research results related to the perception of agents’ competences by their customers. It examines to what extent cultural, gender or age differences influence the perception and evaluation of a personal seller’s performance. The main aim of the research was to find out what kind of differences there are between European and Asian respondents (also with further intra-group divisions with respect to sex and age) in the perception of certain competences of a personal seller. Taking into consideration quite significant cultural differences with respect to the models of behavior, the region of origin plays a key role in determining the significance of competences of personal sellers. European respondents pay more attention to the content of the offer while Asian respondents are more attuned to the way it is delivered, and to agents’ behavior, manners and appearance

Research paper thumbnail of Regionalizmy w Hiszpanii na przykładzie Aragonii, Walencji, Andaluzji i Wysp Kanaryjskich