Anne Souza - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Anne Souza

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of cephalic vein in the deltopectoral groove and its surgical

Introduction: Identification and recognition of the of critical importance when considering emerg... more Introduction: Identification and recognition of the of critical importance when considering emergency procedures. Therefore, the present cadaveric study was undertaken to identify the CV in the deltopectoral groove and its termination in the axillary vein with respect to th e relevant anatomical landmarks. Material and methods: The length of the CV was taken from the lowest limit of the deltopect groove to its draining point into the axillary vein. The coracoid process (CP), first costo junction (CCJ) and the mid clavicular point (MCP) were used as the landmarks and their distances from the drainage point of CV into the axillary vein were measured. Results: In all cadavers, the CV traversed the deltopectoral groove and terminated into the axillary vein. The mean le ngth of the CV was 15.46 sternoclavicular joint, midclavicular point, first costo were 8.26 ± 0.99 cm, 3.51 ± 0.8 cm, 5.66 Conclusion: The present anatomical study describes the location of cephalic vein in relation to th...

Research paper thumbnail of Morphometry and relations of the rectum to the various anatomical landmarks: A cadaveric study

Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2018

Background: The present study aimed to calculate the length of the rectum, its anterior peritonea... more Background: The present study aimed to calculate the length of the rectum, its anterior peritoneal reflection and to assess the relations of the rectum to the various anatomical landmarks in cadavers. Also, to observe any gender differences. Material and Methods: The present study was performed on 18 sagittal sections of the pelvis of adult human cadavers. The distances were measured from the anal verge to the midpoint of sacral promontory, anterior peritoneal reflection, S3 vertebra,the tip of the coccyx and the lower border of pubic bone.Results: The level of anterior peritoneal reflections was 7.70±1.15 cm and 7.59±1.69 cm respectively for males and females. There were no statistically significant gender differences. Conclusion: The average length of the rectum did not reveal any significant gender differences. The level of anterior peritoneal reflection for the rectum would aid as a landmark for surgeons operating at this site without exploring the peritoneal cavity.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of the gall bladder, and caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver: A fetal morphometric study

The Kurume Medical Journal, 2018

Introduction: The gall bladder (GB) is a storage reservoir that allows bile acids to be delivered... more Introduction: The gall bladder (GB) is a storage reservoir that allows bile acids to be delivered in a high concentration. The quadrate (QL) and caudate lobes (CL) are functional parts of the liver. The knowledge of the gross and developmental anatomy of GB and CL and QL of liver is important for surgeons who operate in this region. The present study was conducted to examine the developmental sequence and morphometry of the GB, and CL and QL of liver. Materials and Methods: In the present cross sectional study the parameters measured were length of GB from the neck to the lowest point on the fundus, and the length and width of QL and CL measured at the midpoint. The data was analyzed statistically and the various parameters were correlated using Pearson's correlation. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation indicating that the growth of GB, QL and CL was proportional to the gestational age (GA). The variations in the morphology of the GB were also noted. In two specimens it was found that the GB was embedded partially in the substance of the liver and failed to reach the inferior border of the liver. Conclusion: The regression equations calculated in the study provide a tool to estimate the lengths of GB, QL and CL prenatally.

Research paper thumbnail of Surgical anatomy of hypoglossal nerve as a guide for important head and neck surgeries

Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2017

Introduction: The hypoglossal nerve (HN) may be damaged during neck surgeries. A detailed underst... more Introduction: The hypoglossal nerve (HN) may be damaged during neck surgeries. A detailed understanding of the anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve in relation to various anatomical landmarks and surrounding structures is important to reduce procedural complications and the risk of nerve damage. Methods: The study was carried out using 21 sagittal sections of head and neck of male cadavers (16 right and 5 left). To measure the required parameters the anatomical landmarks taken were the posterior belly of digastric muscle (PBD), descendens hypoglossi of ansa cervicalis (AC), bifurcation of common carotid artery (CCA), tip of the mastoid process (TMP), lingual artery (LA) at the posterior border of hyoglossus muscle, tip of greater cornu of hyoid bone (GH), bifurcation of CCA to the attachment of descendens hypoglossi (CCA-AC). Results: The length of PBD was 3.77 AE 1.08 cm on right side and 3.15 AE 0.05 cm on left side. The extended length was measured from the TMP to GH which was 6.7 AE 1.23 cm on right side and 6.75 AE 0.75 on left side. The distance between HN to the GH did not vary much between right and left sides which were 1.21 AE 0.35 and 1.2 AE 0.69 cm respectively. The distance between HN and LA at the posterior border of hyoglossus was 1.12 AE 0.3 cm on right side and 0.5 AE 0.3 cm on left side. Discussion: HN dissection is more complicated, as the location of the HN is much deeper. Moreover, there are no bony landmarks around the HN. Therefore PBD, CCA, ICA, ECA, LA were used as landmarks for HN in head and neck surgeries.

Research paper thumbnail of Identification of cephalic vein in the deltopectoral groove and its surgical

Introduction: Identification and recognition of the of critical importance when considering emerg... more Introduction: Identification and recognition of the of critical importance when considering emergency procedures. Therefore, the present cadaveric study was undertaken to identify the CV in the deltopectoral groove and its termination in the axillary vein with respect to th e relevant anatomical landmarks. Material and methods: The length of the CV was taken from the lowest limit of the deltopect groove to its draining point into the axillary vein. The coracoid process (CP), first costo junction (CCJ) and the mid clavicular point (MCP) were used as the landmarks and their distances from the drainage point of CV into the axillary vein were measured. Results: In all cadavers, the CV traversed the deltopectoral groove and terminated into the axillary vein. The mean le ngth of the CV was 15.46 sternoclavicular joint, midclavicular point, first costo were 8.26 ± 0.99 cm, 3.51 ± 0.8 cm, 5.66 Conclusion: The present anatomical study describes the location of cephalic vein in relation to th...

Research paper thumbnail of Morphometry and relations of the rectum to the various anatomical landmarks: A cadaveric study

Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 2018

Background: The present study aimed to calculate the length of the rectum, its anterior peritonea... more Background: The present study aimed to calculate the length of the rectum, its anterior peritoneal reflection and to assess the relations of the rectum to the various anatomical landmarks in cadavers. Also, to observe any gender differences. Material and Methods: The present study was performed on 18 sagittal sections of the pelvis of adult human cadavers. The distances were measured from the anal verge to the midpoint of sacral promontory, anterior peritoneal reflection, S3 vertebra,the tip of the coccyx and the lower border of pubic bone.Results: The level of anterior peritoneal reflections was 7.70±1.15 cm and 7.59±1.69 cm respectively for males and females. There were no statistically significant gender differences. Conclusion: The average length of the rectum did not reveal any significant gender differences. The level of anterior peritoneal reflection for the rectum would aid as a landmark for surgeons operating at this site without exploring the peritoneal cavity.

Research paper thumbnail of Development of the gall bladder, and caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver: A fetal morphometric study

The Kurume Medical Journal, 2018

Introduction: The gall bladder (GB) is a storage reservoir that allows bile acids to be delivered... more Introduction: The gall bladder (GB) is a storage reservoir that allows bile acids to be delivered in a high concentration. The quadrate (QL) and caudate lobes (CL) are functional parts of the liver. The knowledge of the gross and developmental anatomy of GB and CL and QL of liver is important for surgeons who operate in this region. The present study was conducted to examine the developmental sequence and morphometry of the GB, and CL and QL of liver. Materials and Methods: In the present cross sectional study the parameters measured were length of GB from the neck to the lowest point on the fundus, and the length and width of QL and CL measured at the midpoint. The data was analyzed statistically and the various parameters were correlated using Pearson's correlation. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation indicating that the growth of GB, QL and CL was proportional to the gestational age (GA). The variations in the morphology of the GB were also noted. In two specimens it was found that the GB was embedded partially in the substance of the liver and failed to reach the inferior border of the liver. Conclusion: The regression equations calculated in the study provide a tool to estimate the lengths of GB, QL and CL prenatally.

Research paper thumbnail of Surgical anatomy of hypoglossal nerve as a guide for important head and neck surgeries

Journal of the Anatomical Society of India, 2017

Introduction: The hypoglossal nerve (HN) may be damaged during neck surgeries. A detailed underst... more Introduction: The hypoglossal nerve (HN) may be damaged during neck surgeries. A detailed understanding of the anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve in relation to various anatomical landmarks and surrounding structures is important to reduce procedural complications and the risk of nerve damage. Methods: The study was carried out using 21 sagittal sections of head and neck of male cadavers (16 right and 5 left). To measure the required parameters the anatomical landmarks taken were the posterior belly of digastric muscle (PBD), descendens hypoglossi of ansa cervicalis (AC), bifurcation of common carotid artery (CCA), tip of the mastoid process (TMP), lingual artery (LA) at the posterior border of hyoglossus muscle, tip of greater cornu of hyoid bone (GH), bifurcation of CCA to the attachment of descendens hypoglossi (CCA-AC). Results: The length of PBD was 3.77 AE 1.08 cm on right side and 3.15 AE 0.05 cm on left side. The extended length was measured from the TMP to GH which was 6.7 AE 1.23 cm on right side and 6.75 AE 0.75 on left side. The distance between HN to the GH did not vary much between right and left sides which were 1.21 AE 0.35 and 1.2 AE 0.69 cm respectively. The distance between HN and LA at the posterior border of hyoglossus was 1.12 AE 0.3 cm on right side and 0.5 AE 0.3 cm on left side. Discussion: HN dissection is more complicated, as the location of the HN is much deeper. Moreover, there are no bony landmarks around the HN. Therefore PBD, CCA, ICA, ECA, LA were used as landmarks for HN in head and neck surgeries.