Anneliese Dörr - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Anneliese Dörr

Psychiatry, Creativity, Psychotherapy, 2024

The legalisation of cannabis leads to an increase in consumption. It causes considerable health a... more The legalisation of cannabis leads to an increase in consumption. It causes considerable health and psychosocial damage, especially among children and adolescents. The risk perception of the harmful effects decreases due to the easier availability of cannabis. The increase in anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as chronic schizophrenic disorders and increased suicidal tendencies, is particularly dramatic. The planned legalisation in Germany is an experiment in which the exploitation and impoverishment of vulnerable children and young people in particular is accepted. The decriminalisation of the possession and use of small quantities of cannabis and its purchase only in pharmacies would be a sensible alternative to legalisation and marketing.

Antecedentes. El presente trabajo intenta revisar y analizar conceptos teóricos que ayuden a enri... more Antecedentes. El presente trabajo intenta revisar y analizar conceptos teóricos que ayuden a enriquecer el manejo terapéutico de los trastornos de personalidad Limítrofe, cuyo síntoma patognomónico es la dificultad en la construcción de la identidad, en el sentido que la personalidad alcance una continuidad y una unidad. Método. Para este propósito revisamos los aportes de la filosofía, sociología y psiquiatría, resultando de ello el hallazgo de conceptos iluminadores provenientes de las diferentes disciplinas de las ciencias sociales, lo que consideramos puede llegar a ser una gran contribución al estado del arte concerniente al diagnóstico y manejo psicoterapéutico del Trastorno de Personalidad Limítrofe. Resultados. Se aprecia cómo influye en la aparición de dicho trastorno el modo de vida actual, en el que se han debilitado los lazos sociales e intergeneracionales, instalándose una temporalidad presentista, movida por el consumo y el mercado de la imagen, lo cual promete una felicidad efímera que redunda finalmente en una identidad volátil, cambiante y eternamente insatisfecha. Discusión. Considerando esta realidad, e inspirándose en las ideas del filósofo Paul Ricoeur, es que el psiquiatra italiano G. Stanghellini nos ofrece trabajar la identidad a partir de las narrativas, con el objeto de que el paciente logre conocerse a sí mismo a través de aquellos aspectos de su personalidad que cambian y aquellos que permanecen en el tiempo. Así, a través de la historia narrada existiría una síntesis de lo heterogéneo, que le permitiría al sujeto experimentar la totalidad de sus acciones como propias y no como una diversidad de hechos sin coherencia.

Rev Psiquiatr, Jun 1, 1997

European Psychiatry, Apr 1, 2017

This article is a reflection on the current affairs and an invitation to think about worrying phe... more This article is a reflection on the current affairs and an invitation to think about worrying phenomena in youngsters: self-injuries or cuts in the arms in eight young adolescent patients. We try to figure out the underlying cause of such behavior, which is more common every day and reveals some characteristics of society. Sociocultural, individual and family changes are analyzed, showing possible connections among these instances, identity and self-injuries. We suggest that the difficulties in identity development may be related to practices such as self-injury or others, which are related to mentalization problems. In the sociocultural level we find a way to socialize in which subjective discomfort has increased, there is overabundance, mass consumption, and the traditional social institutions (family, school and religion) have failed. Youngsters do not know themselves nor their projects. This difficulty is accompanied by an individual's failure in mentalization capacities (name one's feelings), leading the suffering youngster to practices such as selfinjuries, which become permanent. Finally, the particulars of family relationships are described: distance between parents and their offspring, with the life experiences of the former being less appreciated by their offspring while forming their own identity, this is, they are responsible of becoming the architects of their own identities. They are orphans without traditions, which are sources of identity and innovation; to know who we are we must know where we come from. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Salud Mental, Oct 1, 2013

El método narrativo, tan en boga en la actualidad, y que consiste en analizar y describir los dat... more El método narrativo, tan en boga en la actualidad, y que consiste en analizar y describir los datos en forma de relato, ha cobrado especial relevancia tanto para la investigación como para la clínica en salud mental. Sin embargo dicho método es visto de manera confusa por muchos especialistas. Se intenta ordenar el tema desde una perspectiva histórica, revisando selectivamente a autores líderes en el tema, tales como Linseth, Lieblich, Riesman y MacAdams. Para ello se hace un repaso del méto-do y su empleo en la clínica e investigación. Por último, se revisan los usos del método narrativo en psiquiatría, separando aquellos centrados en la entrevista clínica o en intervenciones terapéuticas, de aquellos enfocados en la investigación.

Revista Psicopatologia Fenomenológica Contemporânea

Este trabajo es una reflexión sobre nuestro tiempo y su vinculación con una manifestación clínica... more Este trabajo es una reflexión sobre nuestro tiempo y su vinculación con una manifestación clínica en aumento, cual es el fenómeno de las autolesiones. Se realizó un estudio focalizado por conveniencia a través de una entrevista clínica semiestructurada a 20 jóvenes que se generaban cortes en la piel, lo que incluyó variables de análisis relacionadas con: familia, identidad, función del síntoma y contexto. Los resultados revelaron que la conducta de autolesionarse se relacionaba con los cambios ocurridos en la sociedad occidental durante los últimos 50 años, tanto en lo relativo a la familia, como a la nueva forma de relacionarse a través de las redes sociales, en que primaría la comunicación virtual, masiva y anónima, por sobre la personal y real. Este hecho incidiría en la dificultad para consolidar una identidad, lo que se refleja en una imagen frágil e inestable de sí mismo, una dependencia del entorno aumentada, y serias dificultades para manejar y contener afectos de alta inten...

Revista médica de Chile, 2000

Background: Quality of clinical interview is a key issue both for patient satisfaction and for di... more Background: Quality of clinical interview is a key issue both for patient satisfaction and for diagnostic efficiency. Its adequacy relates to better clinical diagnosis treatment plans and patient compliance. Aim: To measure the quality of interviews performed by medical ...

American Journal of Psychiatry, 2005

Objective-This study assessed the incidence, severity, and course of expressed suicidal intent in... more Objective-This study assessed the incidence, severity, and course of expressed suicidal intent in depressed patients who were treated with ECT. The data are from the first phase of an ongoing, collaborative multicenter study, the overall aim of which was to compare continuation ECT with pharmacotherapy in the prevention of relapse after a successful course of ECT. Method-Suicidal intent, as expressed by patients during an interview, was scored at baseline and before each ECT session with item 3 on the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in 444 patients with unipolar depression. Results-One hundred thirty-one patients (29.5%) reported suicidal thoughts and acts (score of 3 or 4) at baseline. Scores decreased to 0 after 1 week (three ECT sessions) in 38.2% of the patients, after 2 weeks (six ECT sessions) in 61.1%, and in 80.9% at the end of the course of treatment. Conclusions-Expressed suicidal intent in depressed patients was rapidly relieved with ECT. Evidence-based treatment algorithms for major depressive mood disorders should include dichotomization according to suicide risk, as assessed by interview. For patients at risk, ECT should be considered earlier than at its conventional "last resort" position.

Revista médica de Chile, 2004

This paper attempts to perform a historical anthropological analysis of the factors that currentl... more This paper attempts to perform a historical anthropological analysis of the factors that currently either favor or obstruct the doctor-patient relationship. For this purpose, the main works of reference are the sociologist Gilles Lipovetsky and the Spanish author Pedro Laín Entralgo. The former, identified with the concept of Postmodernity and individual Hedonism, is crucial in understanding what are the main determinants in the most recent developments affecting the doctor-patient relationship. Since the technological revolution, advances in science have surpassed all imagination, information technology has worked its way into all types of relationship, and thus medical practice has been particularly affected. On the other hand, the work of Laín Entralgo enables us to perform a review of the history of the doctorpatient relationship in the Western world, which affords a more accurate view of the origins and evolution of the current situation (Rev Méd Chile 2004; 132: 1431-36).

Actas espanolas de psiquiatria, Mar 1, 2014

The research is qualitative; it studies the experience of time in young people who smoke marijuan... more The research is qualitative; it studies the experience of time in young people who smoke marijuana in excess, given the high rate of smoking in the teenage years, a delicate stage regarding the planning of the future. Our objective is to see how the relationship between past and future plans is manifested in their biography, through goals and actions, in light of their ability to anticipate themselves. Our guiding principle is the ability to “anticipate oneself”, proposed by Sutter, a phenomenological psychiatrist. The information was obtained from the analysis of autobiographies of young persons through the hermeneutical phenomenological method developed by Lindseth, based on Ricoeur. The results reveal that in the biographies the past temporal dimension is characterized by poor descriptions, the present is where they extend themselves most, describing tastes, how they visualize themselves, but showing a lack of clarity in their interests. In the future we see the absence of refere...

Euthanasia and its bioethics-related variants have come into the limelight in recent years, as a ... more Euthanasia and its bioethics-related variants have come into the limelight in recent years, as a result of widely publicized cases that have moved public opinion, such as the case of Vincent Humbert in France, that of Terry Schiavo in the USA, not to mention Ramón San Pedro in Spain, which also gives food for thought about this

Child and Adolescent Mental Health, May 24, 2017

The study aims at knowing how low marijuana doses affect cognitive ability in postprimary student... more The study aims at knowing how low marijuana doses affect cognitive ability in postprimary students. The objective of the quantitative research was to analyze the results of neuropsychological and Neuro-SPECT tests comparing schoolchildren who smoke marijuana with those who do not, with emphasis on the effects on cognitive functions involved in learning. We wanted to assess the effects on the cerebral function of marijuana-only users. It was a comparative study based on the total sample of 565 school adolescents coming from four schools in the metropolitan area of Santiago, Chile. All were interviewed in order to select a sample that was stratified by sex, class and consumption of marijuana. The following two groups were made: 40 marijuana-only users and 40 nonusers. We took as a reference a study performed by the authors in 2007, in which the correlation between the consumption of marijuana and effects on cognitive functions involved in scholastic learning were established. The findings show statistically significant differences in the following areas: subgenual bilateral hypoperfusion, more marked on the left side (Brodmann area 25), frontal bilateral hypoperfusion (Brodmann's areas 10 and 32), front cingulate gyrushypoperfusion (Brodmann area 24) and hypoperfusion of Brodmann area 36 that projects to the hippocampus. The results are highly matched with the neuropsychological tests given in the sense that, like with the 2007 study, significant differences are found between the two groups as far as the tests measuring cognitive functions are concerned. A qualitative research: we wanted to investigate the experience of time in high school students who regularly smoke marijuana, given that this substance has effects on the prefrontal lobe and on the hippocampus, brain areas related to the ability to plan tasks (executive function) and to memory. Moreover, adolescence is a delicate stage in regard to planning of the future. At the same time, the idea was to understand and make use of the concepts of temporariness and anticipation, which as a general rule will be handled only by

Actas espanolas de psiquiatria, 2019

Regarding the perception on marijuana accessibility, it increased for second consecutive year, re... more Regarding the perception on marijuana accessibility, it increased for second consecutive year, reaching 51.6% in youngsters from 12 to 18 years old, and the proportion of adolescents that confirmed living with at least one consumer of this drug increased to 8.7%. At a population level, this rate suggests a statistically significant increase of 3.8 points, which transforms marijuana into the most consumed illegal drug in Chilean households. Regarding its damage, some studies suggest that consuming marijuana before the age of 17 would cause major neurobiological changes compared to later consumption. There is a general consensus among researchers that marijuana may affect the cognitive processes involved in social and school performance, including impairments in memory, attention, concentration, information organization and processing strategies. This impairment of cognitive functions may lead to a poor school performance and even early school desertion. All of this led us to presume a relationship that causes impairment in the ability to project and organize time efficiently according to a specific goal, which we investigated using a qualitative method with a narrative approach. Autobiographical stories related to past and present experiences and future projects were compared in consumer and non-consumer youngsters. For narrative analysis, Linseth and Norberg’s hermeneutic phenomenological method was used, which was inspired by Ricoeur’s ideas on the possibility of knowing people’s private experiences by interpreting the meaning of the narrative, an autobiography in this case. The study is based on two intense16 or paradigmatic cases, understood as cases that “without being extreme, manifest the studied phenomenon with particular intensity or drama”. Both are male students with the same school level and type of establishment. the young consumer describes vague and contradictory wishes and hopes, without being able to propose concrete goals nor plans to achieve them. We observed an inability to establish relationships among past, present and future, in the sense that they
have, apparently, no conscience that future actions depend on present actions, showing a disruption in the ability to anticipate. Thus, it is possible to deduce that the young consumer would experience an underlying sensation of “not being called by the future,” being instead “trapped” in the immediacy of the present, while the non-consumer experiences an opposite phenomenon: the relation between past and future wishes with present actions as a means to achieve them. Considering this, we intended to highlight the relevance of the concept of temporality to youngsters’ experiences as being fundamental for the comprehension of the effect caused by marijuana consumption on identity construction. The investigations we have carried out, show that either from a quantitative or qualitative paradigm, the damage
caused by marijuana consumption in adolescents is severe. Additionally, marijuana interferes with the development of basic abilities in youngsters that enable them to insert themselves as adults in society, by affecting the construction of a life project that provides meaning and purpose.