Anshu Sharma - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Anshu Sharma

JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca, 2010

The present study was conducted to estimate genetic relationship among 20 genotypes of Psidium gu... more The present study was conducted to estimate genetic relationship among 20 genotypes of Psidium guajava and two species viz., P friedrichsthalianum Ndz. and P. catleianum Sabine, by morphological characterization. Out of 16 morphological characters studied, only inflorescence type did not show any variation, while the remaining traits showed variability to considerable extent. Morphological data on different genotypes were used to calculate similarity matrix which ranged from 0.06 to 0.50.and based on this cluster analysis was done using UPGMA. The genetic variation among genotypes was high enough to divide them into two major clusters. Cluster I consisted of ‘Chakaiya Rehmannagar’, ‘Gutaniwala’, ‘Super Max Ruby’, and ‘Spear Acid’, whereas cluster II consisted of the rest of 18 genotypes.

Stem cell research & therapy, Jul 12, 2017

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder where pancreatic beta cells are los... more Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disorder where pancreatic beta cells are lost before the clinical manifestations of the disease. Administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or MSCs differentiated into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) have yielded limited success when used therapeutically. We have evaluated the immunoprophylactic potentials of precursors to insulin-producing cells (pIPCs) and IPCs in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice to ask a basic question: do we need to differentiate MSCs into IPCs or will pIPCs suffice to attenuate autoimmune responses in T1D? Bone marrow-derived MSCs from Balb/c mice were characterized following the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) guidelines. MSCs cultured in high-glucose media for 11 to 13 passages were characterized for the expression of pancreatic lineage genes using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression of the PDX1 gene in pIPCs was assessed using Western blot and fluorescence-activated cell sorti...

International Journal of Oral Health Sciences and Advances, 2013

Metastatic retinoblastoma of mandible is an extremely rare condition and to our knowledge only 13... more Metastatic retinoblastoma of mandible is an extremely rare condition and to our knowledge only 13 cases have been reported. The present case is of a 4 year old child with chief complaint of pain in left mandible with associated lymphadenopathy. Bone marrow aspiration and fine needle aspiration cytology along with Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) were conclusive of retinoblastoma metastasizing into left mandible. This is the only report by pedodontist on this malignant lesion, depicts fastest case of mandibular metastasis of all reported cases, and only one with CECT features. This case report signifies the role of pedodontist in the recognition of head and neck malignancies as well as rules out an unusual cause of mandibular pathologies clinically and radiographically.

Journal of Dairying Foods and Home Sciences, 2005

Bio-availability of calcium (289mg %) from egg shell, oyster shell and vegetable mixture with cha... more Bio-availability of calcium (289mg %) from egg shell, oyster shell and vegetable mixture with changing quality of proteins (10g %) was studied in 25 young albino rats weighing 60.9–63.3g over a four weeks experimental period. Diet intake was highest in egg protein Gr IV (316.8±10.71g) and least in casein protein plus oyster shell Gr II (183.5±11.62g). Low diet intake in vegetable protein Gr V (288.0±4.60g) may be attributed to low quality protein diet high in fiber and low in lysine. The weight gain and PER were highest in Gr IV (125.4g and 3.94), least in Gr V (70.9g and 2.46) and intermediate in casein protein Gr I, II and III (78.0–85.8g and 2.74–2.88 ranged) respectively. There was no effect of change in calcium source on weight gain or PER of rats fed egg shell or oyster shell powder groups. High fecal loss and low FER observed in Gr V was attributed to high fiber present in it. Haemoglobin level was observed to be highest in Gr II (14.04g %) and lowest in Gr V (12.95g %). Egg protein Gr IV also showed high haemoglobin value compared to casein protein Gr l, II and III. Total plasma protein was observed within the normal range (6.44–7.33g %), the value of Gr IV bei.ng slightly higher than rest of the groups. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity was highest in Gr V (3.32±0.13 μM/ml/min) and low in control Gr I (1.87±0.19 μM/ml/min). It is concluded that the calcium bioavailability was the best in egg protein compared to casein and vegetable proteins. There was no difference in available calcium from oyster shell and egg shell powder compared to salt mixture. used in the experiment.

Indian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, 2005

The investigation was conducted with an objective to study the microflora of the air in the opera... more The investigation was conducted with an objective to study the microflora of the air in the operation theatres and effectiveness of formaldehyde fumigation. Fumigation with formaldehyde (1:1 dilution with water) was done in each operation theatre for 30 min and the samples were taken from small animl and large animal operation theatres. Micrococcus sp. predominated the air microflora in both operation theatres followed by Bacillus sp., Corynebacterium sp. and Gram negative bacteria. With the above method of fumigation, there was significant reduction in bacterial load of air. In large animal operation theatre, the reduction was 37.4–43.4%, whereas the reduction in small animal operation theatre was 66.6–66.9%.

Journal of Immunology and Immunopathology, 2005

Double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) was developed for detection of staphylococcal antigens... more Double antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) was developed for detection of staphylococcal antigens in milk samples from sub-clinical mastitis cases of cows. Out of 279 quarter milk samples from 72 apparently healthy lactating crossbred cows screened for staphylococcal mastitis, 41.22% and 12.90% milk samples were detected for Staphylococcus. aureus and S. epidermidis antigens by DAS-ELISA specific for S. aureus and S. epidermidis, respectively. In cultural examination, 42.29% were found positive for sub-clinical mastitis. DAS-ELISA was found rapid, cheaper, sensitive, specific and less cumbersome as compared to cultural examination. DAS-ELISA system specific for S. aureus was found to be used for screening the herd for both S. aureus and S. epidermidis mastitis whereas DAS-ELISA specific for S. epidermidis was useful assay for detection of S. epidermidis mastitis only.

The Indian journal of animal sciences

In the present study multiplex PCR assay was standardized for simultaneous detection of Staphyloc... more In the present study multiplex PCR assay was standardized for simultaneous detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae and Escherichia coli associated with mastitis. The target sequence 16S to 23S rRNA inter spacer regions was used. Primers used were chosen to have approximately same Tm value, common annealing temperature and easily differentiable specific amplified products. The performance of the assay was examined on 92 milk samples collected from subclinically and clinically infected buffaloes and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of multiplex PCR was compared with culture examination. Out of total milk samples, 16 were diagnosed for mixed infections of Staphylococcus aureus + S. dysgalactiae (43.75%), S. aureus + S. agalactiae (12.5%), S. aureus + E. coli (25%), S. dysgalactiae + E. coli (12.5%) and S. aureus + S. dysgalactiae + E. coli (6.25%). Multiplex PCR assay was more promising option than culture methods. Milk culture method is ...

Plant Pathology Journal, 2012

Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology, 2014

Micropropagation offers a great potential to produce millions of clonal individuals through tissu... more Micropropagation offers a great potential to produce millions of clonal individuals through tissue culture via induction of morphogenesis. The aim of this work was to obtain an efficient protocol for callus regeneration for Gentiana kurroo Royle. The morphogenic response of different explants (leaves, petioles, roots) varied and responded differently for regeneration according to combinations of growth regulators. The petiole explants were best responding for callus induction and subsequently for indirect and direct regeneration. The callus induction was achieved on MS basal + 1.0 mg/l benzyladenine (BA) and 3.00 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). MS medium supplemented with 0.10 mg/l NAA and 1.0 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ) was recorded as the best medium for indirect regeneration. However, for direct regeneration the maximum number of shoot emergence was observed on MS basal fortified with 0.10 mg/l NAA + 0.75 mg/l TDZ. Half strength MS basal supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IB...

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2013

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is the most frequently diagnosed kidney and urologic diseas... more Introduction: Urinary tract infection is the most frequently diagnosed kidney and urologic disease, and Escherichia coli is by far its most common etiological agent. Uropathogenic E. coli are responsible for approximately 90% of urinary tract infections seen in individuals with ordinary anatomy therefore, it is essential to review the antibiogram of uropathogenic E. coli periodically to help clinicians decide on the appropriate therapy. Methodology: We evaluated E. coli isolated from urinary tract infections at the National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre for antibiogram, plasmid transferability and stability of resistance markers. Results: In total, 90.9% of the isolates were found to be sensitive to nitrofurantoin while the highest proportion of the isolates was found to be resistant to nalidixic acid. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of all antimicrobials for different isolates were well within the limits specified by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Resistanc...

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 2014

ABSTRACT

Zoological Science, 2011

Earthworms are one of the most important and beneficial macrofauna, and are used extensively in o... more Earthworms are one of the most important and beneficial macrofauna, and are used extensively in organic farming. Earthworms mediate soil biological regulation systems, and produce biogenic structures. They help to maintain soil structure, water infiltration, and regulate the availability of nutrients assimilated by plants. The objectives of this study were to perform morphological and molecular characterizations of 24 earthworm individuals collected from geographically diverse locations to assess the level of genetic variation. For molecular analysis, the effectiveness of RAPD, ISSR, and Universal rice primers (URPs) markers was investigated to identify polymorphism among 24 isolates of earthworms. A total of 62 molecular markers were used for amplification of genomic DNA of earthworms. Of these, 10 RAPD, 10 ISSR, and 10 URPs markers were used for characterization, which showed 95.7%, 96.7% and 98.3% polymorphism, respectively. The dendrogram, generated from the DNA markers by the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages, grouped all the isolates into two main clusters. All Eisenia fetida isolates were clustered in group A, whereas group B included three isolates belonging to Eudrilus eugeniae. Molecular markers allowed a rapid assessment of genetic variation among these closely related isolates of earthworms. These results suggest that molecular markers are a good choice for diversity analysis of earthworm individuals.

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2009

A total of 3079 samples were received and identified at the National Salmonella and Escherichia C... more A total of 3079 samples were received and identified at the National Salmonella and Escherichia Centre (NSEC), Central Research Institute, Kasauli, India during 2001-2005. Out of these, 2098 samples were from humans, 250 from animals, and 726 from meat, vegetables, seafood and the environment. The Salmonella strains isolated were distributed among 35 different Salmonella serovars. The most common serovars from humans were Salmonella Typhi (73%) and Salmonella Paratyphi A (24%) among typhoidal serovars, and Salmonella Worthington (28.2%) and Salmonella Typhimurium (22.5%) among non-typhoidal serovars. The other frequently isolated serovars from different sources were Salmonella Gallinarum, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Dublin. Analysis of the prevalence of the 10 most common serovars in 18 states indicated that different serovars are distributed in different parts of India. The results from this study may be helpful in formulating preventive strategies to control the spread of infection in the country.

The FASEB Journal, 2008

This study aimed to further elucidate the function of Roundabout proteins in endothelium. We show... more This study aimed to further elucidate the function of Roundabout proteins in endothelium. We show that both Robo1 and Robo4 are present in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and have knocked expression down using small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. Roundabout knockout endothelial cells were then studied in a variety of in vitro assays. We also performed a yeast 2-hybrid analysis using the intracellular domain of Robo4 as bait to identify interacting proteins and downstream signaling. Both Robo1 and Robo4 siRNA knockdown and transfection of Robo4-green fluorescent protein inhibited endothelial cell movement and disrupted tube formation on Matrigel. Consistent with a role in regulating cell movement, yeast 2-hybrid and glutathione-S-transferase pulldown analyses show Robo4 binding to a Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP), neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, and WASP-interacting protein actinnucleating complex. We have further shown that Robo1 forms a heterodimeric complex with Robo4, and that transfection of Robo4GFP into HUVECs induces filopodia formation. We finally show using Robo1 knockdown cells that Robo1 is essential for Robo4mediated filopodia induction. Our results favor a model whereby Slit2 binding to a Robo1/Robo4 heterodimer activates actin nucleation-promoting factors to promote endothelial cell migration.-Sheldon, H.,

South African Journal of Botany, 2010

Autopolyploidy is advantageous for plant metabolism in terms of elevated rates of synthesis or a ... more Autopolyploidy is advantageous for plant metabolism in terms of elevated rates of synthesis or a higher variability of metabolically relevant compounds. In the present study, successful induction of polyploidy was achieved through applying colchicine soaked cotton on shoot meristem. The ploidy level of the developed tetraploids was confirmed through microscopic observations of stomata and chromosomal studies. Chromosome number in the developed tetraploids were 2x = 2n = 44 as compared to the control having 2x = 2n = 22. Alkaloid profile of both treated and control plants showed a significant enhancement from 25% to 50% in morphine content. Expression analysis through semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of various known genes involved in the biosynthesis of morphinanes showed increased expression in tetraploids. Gene expression analysis of different polyploidy series can supplement our understanding related to molecular mechanism involved in increased alkaloid biosynthesis during polyploidization.

PLoS ONE, 2011

Plant genomes are complex and contain large amounts of repetitive DNA including microsatellites t... more Plant genomes are complex and contain large amounts of repetitive DNA including microsatellites that are distributed across entire genomes. Whole genome sequences of several monocot and dicot plants that are available in the public domain provide an opportunity to study the origin, distribution and evolution of microsatellites, and also facilitate the development of new molecular markers. In the present investigation, a genome-wide analysis of microsatellite distribution in monocots (Brachypodium, sorghum and rice) and dicots (Arabidopsis, Medicago and Populus) was performed. A total of 797,863 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the whole genome sequences of six plant species. Characterization of these SSRs revealed that mono-nucleotide repeats were the most abundant repeats, and that the frequency of repeats decreased with increase in motif length both in monocots and dicots. However, the frequency of SSRs was higher in dicots than in monocots both for nuclear and chloroplast genomes. Interestingly, GC-rich repeats were the dominant repeats only in monocots, with the majority of them being present in the coding region. These coding GC-rich repeats were found to be involved in different biological processes, predominantly binding activities. In addition, a set of 22,879 SSR markers that were validated by e-PCR were developed and mapped on different chromosomes in Brachypodium for the first time, with a frequency of 101 SSR markers per Mb. Experimental validation of 55 markers showed successful amplification of 80% SSR markers in 16 Brachypodium accessions. An online database 'BraMi' (Brachypodium microsatellite markers) of these genome-wide SSR markers was developed and made available in the public domain. The observed differential patterns of SSR marker distribution would be useful for studying microsatellite evolution in a monocot-dicot system. SSR markers developed in this study would be helpful for genomic studies in Brachypodium and related grass species, especially for the map based cloning of the candidate gene(s).

Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 1994

About one-third of the total rice is grown under rainfed lowland conditions, mostly m south and s... more About one-third of the total rice is grown under rainfed lowland conditions, mostly m south and south-east Asia. Crop productivity in this ecosystem can be improved by adopting suitable management practices as drainage of excess water is not feasible in the catchment and coastal areas. Field experiments were conducted using a long-duration (165 days), photosensitive, semi-tall (150 cm) rice cultivar Utkalprabha established through direct sowing or transplanting on different dates under 0–50 cm water depth at Cuttack, India, during 1989–91. Direct sowing was done in lines in dry soil from 10 May onward using 400 seeds/m2 and continued at 10 day intervals until June. Transplanting was done after accumulation of water in the field from July until 15 August with seedlings raised in nursery seed-beds with or without fertilizer application (100 kg N and 8.7 kg P and 16.7 kg K/ha) and tillers removed from the direct-sown crop. Seedling emergence varied significantly from 127–212/m, irrespective of sowing date and was dependent on rains received after sowing. However, the early sown crops in spite of poor germination, performed well due to better establishment and tiller production before water rose to higher depths in the field. There was a decreasing trend in grain yield, particularly when the sowing was delayed beyond end of May. The loss in yield with delayed sowing in June was due to poor crop stand which could not be compensated for by applying 50 % more seed (600/m2) and N fertilizer (60 kg N/ha). Removal of some of the tillers (100–130/m2) from crops sown on 30 May with 600 seeds/m2 for planting on an equivalent plot area did not cause any adverse effect on the performance of mother crop. The anticipated shortfall in yield due to lower panicles/m2 with clonal tiller separation was compensated for by the resulting increase in panicle weight. The performance of transplanted crops depended greatly on the water depth at or soon after planting. In 1990, planting on 15 July in 30 cm water depth helped in relatively better establishment and grain yield at par with sowing on 10 May. However, in 1991, when there was a sudden and rapid increase in water level to higher depths (50 cm) immediately after planting, the early planted crops produced only a negligible yield (0–1.2 t/ha). Highest yield was obtained from the crop planted with clonal tillers followed by that raised with fertilized and unfertilized nursery seedlings. Clonal tillers were taller (90 cm) and had more dry weight (1.78 g) compared with nursery seedlings (50–80 cm and 0.25–0.91 g). Therefore, the clonally propagated crop established well and acclimatized faster in the similar flooded environment, resulting in significantly higher grain yield particularly under late planted conditions. The results suggested early sowing by the end of May and transplanting with clonal tillers uprooted from the direct-sown crops for higher productivity of rice under uncontrolled excess water conditions.

Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 1996

Field experiments were conducted at Cuttack, India, in 1992 and 1993 using two semi-tall (Panidha... more Field experiments were conducted at Cuttack, India, in 1992 and 1993 using two semi-tall (Panidhan and CR 580-5 of 180 days duration) and two tall (Amulya and CR 626-26-2-3 of 170 days duration), elongating and photosensitive rice varieties to study their response to foliage pruning at varying levels of basally applied N fertilizer (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha -1 ). Pruning at the collar level of the topmost leaf was done either once at 90 or 120 days of growth, or twice at both the stages. The crop was sown during the end of May in dry soil and subsequently grown under a semi-deepwater regime (0-80 cm water depth). The dry weight of pruned foliage was more in the tall than in the semi-tall varieties and it increased with an increase in the level of N fertilization and delay in pruning. Two prunings produced greater foliage yield than one pruning. Foliage pruning once at 90 days of growth had no effect on the grain yield of all varieties. However, pruning at 120 days of growth decreased the yield of Amulya and CR 626-26-2-3, particularly in 1992, possibly because of less time (25-30 days) available for the crop recovery before flowering. Further, pruning twice at 90 and 120 days of growth reduced the grain yield of all the varieties significantly due to a reduction in their panicle weight. Application of N fertilizer beyond 30 kg N ha -1 did not increase the grain yield under no pruning treatment, but the crop responded significantly up to 60 kg N ha -1 under one pruning and up to 90 kg N ha -1 under two prunings, despite its adverse effect on crop performance. The crop lodging in response to increased N application was delayed by about a fortnight due to foliage pruning but its beneficial effect was not reflected in the grain yield. The results indicated that the green leafy foliage of the tall elongating rice varieties could be harvested 40-50 days before flowering for feeding the cattle without impairing their productivity under semi-deepwater ecosystem.

Asian Journal of Experimental …, 2009

Abstract: The Plants and Weeds are screened out for their antibacterial and antifungal activity a... more Abstract: The Plants and Weeds are screened out for their antibacterial and antifungal activity against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria's by extracting out their aqueous and methanolic extracts and screened out by analyzing their zone of inhibition. ...