Anton Mlinar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Anton Mlinar
Synthesis Philosophica, Feb 17, 2014
Newman's famous treatise on university written during the spring in 1852 was originally a set of ... more Newman's famous treatise on university written during the spring in 1852 was originally a set of lectures dedicated to the founding plan of a new Catholic University in Dublin. While he was having a hard time because of judicial accusation in the socalled Achilli case, Newman defended with his treatise two major ideas of integral university education necessary for whichever autonomous incipient of scientific knowledge as well as its devel opment. My intention here is to investigate these two aspects. As first, it is the knowledge as its own end in its relation to learning, and second, his defence of the position of theology (and religion) among other disciplines within the university's curricula. They belong as key footnotes to a much more important question regarding the autonomy of university educa tion and the collegial character of knowledge. Newman's original discourse is an episode of his total dedication to the collegiality of educational process. Because the university is a civilizational achievement and not a question of political or of some other hierarchies, the reflection on education might (or should) be the turning point of the change of university's institutional life. The question is not of how many subjects must be included in the curricula for education to be universal, but what the relation among them is. With some other accen tuation, the paper is interested in happenings in the development of European universities in recent decades.
Obvešeni pristanek (kot prevajam angleški neologizem informed consent) je v razmeroma kratki zgo... more Obvešeni pristanek (kot prevajam angleški neologizem informed consent) je v razmeroma kratki zgodovini sodobne biomedicinske etike postal ena od njenih osrednjih vsebin. Vsebinsko izvira iz negativne izkušnje poskusov na ljudeh, ki so jih med drugo svetovno vojno opravljali politično in ideološko motivirani nemški zdravniki, formalno pa se teorija obveščenega pristanka sklicuje na dejanje "popolnega razkritja in popolnega razumevanja" (Beauchamp). To edino ustreza dostojanstvu človeške osebe. Ta pomen obveščenega pristanka je deloma povezan z rojstvom bioetike v sedemdesetih letih dvajsetega stoletja. Že Helsinška izjava () je pokazala, da idealna oblika obveščenega pristanka, kot sta si ga zamislila avtorja Nürnberškega kodeksa (), ni uresničljiva in da je treba ustvariti prostor raziskovanja, ne da bi se izgubila prvotna ideja brezpogojnega spoštovanja človekove osebe. Tako deklarativna etika kot tudi teoretična refl eksija o obveščenem pristanku pa ob različnih možnostih redefi nicije obveščenega pristanka opozarjata na skušnjavo dvojne lojalnosti zdravnika/raziskovalca, v kateri se v različnih kompromisnih oblikah privolitve izgublja prvotna ideja. Teoretiki so soglasni, da je vsakršno zniževanje kriterija avtonomije, na primer 'vključenega' ali 'tihega' pristanka, 'pridobitve pacientovega podpisa', 'pripravljenosti sprejeti konstruktivne predloge' ipd. brez moralnega pomena. Med tema skrajnostma je odnos med zdravnikom in pacientom (med raziskovalcem in osebo, vključeno v raziskovanje). Začenja z minimumom in kot proces stremi k verodostojnosti humanuma v medicini in biomedicinskem raziskovanju. Ključne besede: avtonomija, bioetika, človekovo dostojanstvo, komunikacija, obveščeni pristanek, principalizem, verodostojnost.
Ravnanje s trupli oziroma s človeškimi posmrtnimi ostanki je bilo v polpretekli zgodovini večinom... more Ravnanje s trupli oziroma s človeškimi posmrtnimi ostanki je bilo v polpretekli zgodovini večinoma domena interesov strokovne javnosti. Ta je posmrtne ostanke obravnavala instrumentalno, objektivno in v skladu s pravili stroke. Ta odnos se v zadnjem obdobju spreminja iz več razlogov. Najprej so na neustrezno ravnanje s posmrtnimi ostanki so začela opozarjati nekatera prvotna ljudstva in zahteve posameznih držav po repatriaciji ostankov. Z razvojem tehnik ugotavljanja identitete prednikov se je odprlo veliko vprašanj, povezanih z integriteto in narativno identiteto posameznih zgodovinskih osebnosti in ljudi, najdenih v množičnih grobiščih. Vprašanje je večplastno. Najprej se vprašujemo o interesih znanosti in javnosti pri raziskovanju pokojnih ter v kolikšni meri lahko interes javnosti vpliva na ravnanje znanstvenikov. Predvsem nas zanima, kako lahko nova spoznanja vplivajo na etično mišljenje in na samo razumevanje etike kot preusmeritve pozornosti in kot zavedanja sedanjega časa. To bomo poskušali prikazati na nekaterih primerih.
Synthesis Philosophica, 2014
Newman's famous treatise on university written during the spring in 1852 was originally a set of ... more Newman's famous treatise on university written during the spring in 1852 was originally a set of lectures dedicated to the founding plan of a new Catholic University in Dublin. While he was having a hard time because of judicial accusation in the socalled Achilli case, Newman defended with his treatise two major ideas of integral university education necessary for whichever autonomous incipient of scientific knowledge as well as its devel opment. My intention here is to investigate these two aspects. As first, it is the knowledge as its own end in its relation to learning, and second, his defence of the position of theology (and religion) among other disciplines within the university's curricula. They belong as key footnotes to a much more important question regarding the autonomy of university educa tion and the collegial character of knowledge. Newman's original discourse is an episode of his total dedication to the collegiality of educational process. Because the university is a civilizational achievement and not a question of political or of some other hierarchies, the reflection on education might (or should) be the turning point of the change of university's institutional life. The question is not of how many subjects must be included in the curricula for education to be universal, but what the relation among them is. With some other accen tuation, the paper is interested in happenings in the development of European universities in recent decades.
Synthesis Philosophica, Feb 17, 2014
Newman's famous treatise on university written during the spring in 1852 was originally a set of ... more Newman's famous treatise on university written during the spring in 1852 was originally a set of lectures dedicated to the founding plan of a new Catholic University in Dublin. While he was having a hard time because of judicial accusation in the socalled Achilli case, Newman defended with his treatise two major ideas of integral university education necessary for whichever autonomous incipient of scientific knowledge as well as its devel opment. My intention here is to investigate these two aspects. As first, it is the knowledge as its own end in its relation to learning, and second, his defence of the position of theology (and religion) among other disciplines within the university's curricula. They belong as key footnotes to a much more important question regarding the autonomy of university educa tion and the collegial character of knowledge. Newman's original discourse is an episode of his total dedication to the collegiality of educational process. Because the university is a civilizational achievement and not a question of political or of some other hierarchies, the reflection on education might (or should) be the turning point of the change of university's institutional life. The question is not of how many subjects must be included in the curricula for education to be universal, but what the relation among them is. With some other accen tuation, the paper is interested in happenings in the development of European universities in recent decades.
Obvešeni pristanek (kot prevajam angleški neologizem informed consent) je v razmeroma kratki zgo... more Obvešeni pristanek (kot prevajam angleški neologizem informed consent) je v razmeroma kratki zgodovini sodobne biomedicinske etike postal ena od njenih osrednjih vsebin. Vsebinsko izvira iz negativne izkušnje poskusov na ljudeh, ki so jih med drugo svetovno vojno opravljali politično in ideološko motivirani nemški zdravniki, formalno pa se teorija obveščenega pristanka sklicuje na dejanje "popolnega razkritja in popolnega razumevanja" (Beauchamp). To edino ustreza dostojanstvu človeške osebe. Ta pomen obveščenega pristanka je deloma povezan z rojstvom bioetike v sedemdesetih letih dvajsetega stoletja. Že Helsinška izjava () je pokazala, da idealna oblika obveščenega pristanka, kot sta si ga zamislila avtorja Nürnberškega kodeksa (), ni uresničljiva in da je treba ustvariti prostor raziskovanja, ne da bi se izgubila prvotna ideja brezpogojnega spoštovanja človekove osebe. Tako deklarativna etika kot tudi teoretična refl eksija o obveščenem pristanku pa ob različnih možnostih redefi nicije obveščenega pristanka opozarjata na skušnjavo dvojne lojalnosti zdravnika/raziskovalca, v kateri se v različnih kompromisnih oblikah privolitve izgublja prvotna ideja. Teoretiki so soglasni, da je vsakršno zniževanje kriterija avtonomije, na primer 'vključenega' ali 'tihega' pristanka, 'pridobitve pacientovega podpisa', 'pripravljenosti sprejeti konstruktivne predloge' ipd. brez moralnega pomena. Med tema skrajnostma je odnos med zdravnikom in pacientom (med raziskovalcem in osebo, vključeno v raziskovanje). Začenja z minimumom in kot proces stremi k verodostojnosti humanuma v medicini in biomedicinskem raziskovanju. Ključne besede: avtonomija, bioetika, človekovo dostojanstvo, komunikacija, obveščeni pristanek, principalizem, verodostojnost.
Ravnanje s trupli oziroma s človeškimi posmrtnimi ostanki je bilo v polpretekli zgodovini večinom... more Ravnanje s trupli oziroma s človeškimi posmrtnimi ostanki je bilo v polpretekli zgodovini večinoma domena interesov strokovne javnosti. Ta je posmrtne ostanke obravnavala instrumentalno, objektivno in v skladu s pravili stroke. Ta odnos se v zadnjem obdobju spreminja iz več razlogov. Najprej so na neustrezno ravnanje s posmrtnimi ostanki so začela opozarjati nekatera prvotna ljudstva in zahteve posameznih držav po repatriaciji ostankov. Z razvojem tehnik ugotavljanja identitete prednikov se je odprlo veliko vprašanj, povezanih z integriteto in narativno identiteto posameznih zgodovinskih osebnosti in ljudi, najdenih v množičnih grobiščih. Vprašanje je večplastno. Najprej se vprašujemo o interesih znanosti in javnosti pri raziskovanju pokojnih ter v kolikšni meri lahko interes javnosti vpliva na ravnanje znanstvenikov. Predvsem nas zanima, kako lahko nova spoznanja vplivajo na etično mišljenje in na samo razumevanje etike kot preusmeritve pozornosti in kot zavedanja sedanjega časa. To bomo poskušali prikazati na nekaterih primerih.
Synthesis Philosophica, 2014
Newman's famous treatise on university written during the spring in 1852 was originally a set of ... more Newman's famous treatise on university written during the spring in 1852 was originally a set of lectures dedicated to the founding plan of a new Catholic University in Dublin. While he was having a hard time because of judicial accusation in the socalled Achilli case, Newman defended with his treatise two major ideas of integral university education necessary for whichever autonomous incipient of scientific knowledge as well as its devel opment. My intention here is to investigate these two aspects. As first, it is the knowledge as its own end in its relation to learning, and second, his defence of the position of theology (and religion) among other disciplines within the university's curricula. They belong as key footnotes to a much more important question regarding the autonomy of university educa tion and the collegial character of knowledge. Newman's original discourse is an episode of his total dedication to the collegiality of educational process. Because the university is a civilizational achievement and not a question of political or of some other hierarchies, the reflection on education might (or should) be the turning point of the change of university's institutional life. The question is not of how many subjects must be included in the curricula for education to be universal, but what the relation among them is. With some other accen tuation, the paper is interested in happenings in the development of European universities in recent decades.