Antonietta Cargnel - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Antonietta Cargnel
Antiviral Therapy
The prognostic role of GB virus type C (GBV-C) viraemia in HIV-infected subjects treated with hig... more The prognostic role of GB virus type C (GBV-C) viraemia in HIV-infected subjects treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is still undefined, The aim of this analysis is to assess the relationship between GBV-C infection and response to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected subjects initiating HAART when antiretroviral-naive. A prospective, observational study of 400 HIV-infected patients with measurements of GBV-C RNA, hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and HCV RNA determined from plasma stored prior to HAART initiation, Time to virological (achieving HIV RNA ≤500 copies/ml) and immunological success (a CD4+ count increase of ≥200cells/μl), and the time to virological relapse (confirmed HIV RNA >500 copies/ml) were assessed by Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard regression model. Of the subjects, 117 (29.3%) were GBV-C positive and, overall, 351 (87.8%) patients achieved virological success, After controlling for a number of confounders includin...
American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1985
Protein C, a naturally occurring inhibitor of blood coagulation, was measured immunologically in ... more Protein C, a naturally occurring inhibitor of blood coagulation, was measured immunologically in 160 patients with acute and chronic liver and biliary disease. In 31 patients with acute viral hepatitis serially studied from admission to discharge from hospital, protein C antigen (PC:Ag) was low on admission in a high proportion of cases (61%) but became normal in 90% of them after two weeks at a time when the prothrombin time was still prolonged in 46% of the cases. PC:Ag was also low in 25 cirrhotic patients and in 20 patients with chronic active hepatitis. In chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, PC:Ag levels significantly correlated with indexes of liver synthetic function. In primary biliary cirrhosis (n:40), PC:Ag was low in patients with advanced disease (stages III-IV) but high in the early phases, when cholestasis was not yet accompanied by impaired protein synthesis. PC:Ag was also very high in 20 patients with large bile duct obstruction and highly correlated with indexes of cholestasis. The authors' findings indicate that PC:Ag is reduced in liver disease proportionally to the impairment of the liver synthetic function and that its normalization after acute hepatitis might represent an early marker of recovery of this function.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 1999
The American journal of gastroenterology, 1998
Although several uncontrolled studies have shown that the response rate to ganciclovir and foscar... more Although several uncontrolled studies have shown that the response rate to ganciclovir and foscarnet for all forms of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompromised patients is almost similar, to date, no controlled clinical trial has been specifically designed to compare these two agents in the treatment of CMV esophagitis. The aim of this study was, therefore, to compare the efficacy and safety of these two drugs in the induction therapy of CMV esophagitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Thirty-nine of 211 (18%) consecutive AIDS patients undergoing endoscopy for esophageal symptoms had macroscopic esophagitis that proved to be sustained by CMV based on the documentation of typical intranuclear inclusions at histology; 23 were considered eligible for this study and were randomized to receive foscarnet 90 mg/kg b.i.d. or ganciclovir 5 mg/kg b.i.d. for 21 days. Twelve patients received foscarnet, whereas 11 were treated with ganciclovir. Clinical and...
Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
Diagnosis of a new HIV infection during the primary phase (PHI) is sometimes misleading in a prim... more Diagnosis of a new HIV infection during the primary phase (PHI) is sometimes misleading in a primary care setting. Since 1999 the Italian network for the study of acute HIV infection (ISAI) has been operative. At the time of PHI diagnosis the case is reported to the coordinating centre and enrolled in the National Register which records all epidemiological, demographic and clinical information. From 1999 to September 2001, 51 symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with diagnosis of primary HIV infection were signalled to the coordinating centre. At screening, assessments were: interview to collect demographic and epidemiological data, clinical history (regarding PHI signs and symptoms) and, if available, relevant index case information; physical examination; routine hematology and chemistry; lymphocyte count; plasma HIV-RNA. In a subset of patients PBMC HIV-DNA, HIV-RNA, resistance genotyping and HIV subtype characterization were assessed. 74.5% of patients were males and all but four...
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology
Rivista di emoterapia ed immunoematologia, 1984
The American journal of gastroenterology, 1983
A 19-year-old woman developed acute jaundice and abnormal liver tests showing acute viral hepatit... more A 19-year-old woman developed acute jaundice and abnormal liver tests showing acute viral hepatitis, presumably non-A non-B. The viral hepatitis, on the 4th day after admission, was complicated by aplastic anemia. Therapy with hydrocortisone promptly instituted was ineffective and a bone marrow transplantation was not possible because we could not find a compatible donor. Sixty-five days after admission the patient died of infection by Candida tropicalis. Postmortem examination showed total medullary aplasia with massive impoverishment of all the lymphatic structures and multiple fungal infarctions in the myocardium, lungs, spleen, kidneys, and liver.
Bollettino dell'Istituto sieroterapico milanese, 1985
We report a case of a male, 26 years old Egyptian patient, who was investigated for a long-lastin... more We report a case of a male, 26 years old Egyptian patient, who was investigated for a long-lasting hepatomegaly and altered transaminase levels. No symptom was reported. Liver biopsy and intestinal biopsy were positive for S. mansoni ova. Urine test initially showed negativity for S. haematobium ova, which only appeared with subsequent investigation, in spite of lack of urinary symptomatology.
Giornale italiano di chemioterapia
Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 2003
At least 15 genetic loci and ten genes have been associated with the demyelinating form of Charco... more At least 15 genetic loci and ten genes have been associated with the demyelinating form of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth hereditary neuropathy and related disorders. As pathogenic mutations have been identified in more and more genes, the labor and expense of screening for such mutations has increased substantially. Using conventional methods such as direct sequencing, single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), or heteroduplex analysis, molecular diagnosis of CMT remains laborious due to the large number of exons to be screened. Some genes (MPZ, PMP22, EGR2, GJB1) are small and have to be analyzed in a relatively large number of patients while other rarer genes, such as periaxin (PRX, 19q13), are too large (7 exons encoding transcripts of 4.8–5.5 kilobases) to be easily included in a molecular diagnostic panel. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the more economical techniques (SSCP and heteroduplex analysis) is far from being optimal ( ). Denaturing High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography (D...
Journal of Hepatology, 2003
Infection, 2010
Background Recent immigrants from developing countries (\2 years since immigration) are at very h... more Background Recent immigrants from developing countries (\2 years since immigration) are at very high risk of active TB disease due to reactivation of latent infections acquired in the country of origin. In industrialized low-incidence TB countries targeted testing programs for high risk groups could allow the detection of latently infected persons who would likely benefit from a course of preventive treatment. In this study we evaluated the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-c enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (QuantiFERON TB-gold in tube, QFT-IT) strategies for TB infection screening programs in recent immigrants from highly endemic countries.
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2000
ISS-IP1, a multicenter, randomized, 48-week open trial, was designed to compare the introduction ... more ISS-IP1, a multicenter, randomized, 48-week open trial, was designed to compare the introduction of ritonavir or indinavir in patients with previous nucleoside experience and CD4+ cell counts below 50/mm3. Concomitant antiretroviral treatment with nucleoside analogs was allowed. Primary efficacy measures were survival and time to a new AIDS-defining event or death, analyzed through the whole period of observation by the intention-to-treat approach. Primary toxicity measures were time to treatment discontinuation and adverse events, grade at least 3/serious, analyzed by an on-treatment approach. Evaluation-of efficacy also included CD4+ cell and RNA response. The trial enrolled 1251 patients in 5 months. At baseline, mean CD4+ cell count was about 20 cells/mm3 and mean HIV RNA copy number was 4.9 log10/ml in both groups. Overall, 402 patients in the ritonavir group and 250 patients in the indinavir group permanently discontinued the assigned treatment (relative risk, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.68-2.30; p = 0.0001), with most of this difference dependent on a higher number of discontinuation for adverse events in the ritonavir group. After a mean follow-up of 307 days (ritonavir, 304; indinavir, 309), 124 deaths (ritonavir, 61; indinavir, 63; relative risk, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.67-1.36; p = 0.80) and 330 new AIDS-defining events (ritonavir, 170; indinavir, 160; relative risk, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.85-1.31; p = 0.60) were observed. CD4+ cell counts increased in both groups in patients still receiving treatment, with about 100 cells gained by week 24 and 150 cells gained by week 48. Body weight also increased over time in both groups. Analysis of RNA response showed a decrease of 1.5 log10 or higher in both treatment groups. Overall, 400 patients in the ritonavir group and 338 patients in the indinavir group developed at least one grade 3/serious new adverse event during follow-up (relative risk, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.28-1.72; p = 0.0001). Favorable CD4+ cell and RNA responses at 24 and 48 weeks were observed in both groups of patients remaining on treatment. Indinavir showed slightly better effects in sustaining RNA, CD4+ cell, and body weight responses. Ritonavir and indinavir results were comparable in terms of clinical outcome (survival and AIDS-defining events).
AIDS, 1999
... 9. Cappiello G, Garbuglia AR, Salvi R, et al ... 03)00084-6 CrossRef. AIDS The effect of high... more ... 9. Cappiello G, Garbuglia AR, Salvi R, et al ... 03)00084-6 CrossRef. AIDS The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cervical cytologic changes associated with oncogenic HPV among HIV-infected women Minkoff, H; Ahdieh, L; Massad, LS; Anastos, K; Watts, DH; Melnick, S ...
The Management of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas in Europe, 1990
The increased incidence of malignancies associated with AIDS has been the subject of several repo... more The increased incidence of malignancies associated with AIDS has been the subject of several reports in the North American literature: besides Kaposi’s sarcoma and other tumours, such as squamous carcinoma of the tongue and cloacogenic carcinoma of the anorectum [1–22], malignant lymphomas have been demonstrated to be one of the major problems among the neoplastic complications of AIDS [12–24]. According to the North American experience, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related clinical conditions present at an advanced stage in which lesions are concentrated in extranodal and often unusual locations, notably the CNS. Disease confined to the lymph nodes is uncommon. These lymphomas are predominantly high-grade B-cell neoplasms classified as immunoblastic and Burkitt’s-like lymphomas. A variety of severe opportunistic infections and Kaposi’s sarcoma affect these patients. At the same time, the association with AIDS is strengthened by the regular demonstration of reversed ratios of helper (T4+) and suppressor (T8+) lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and by the presence of antibodies to human immune deficiency virus (HIV) [22]. The prognosis is dismal: response to chemotherapy does not positively affect median survival. Mortality rates analysed by histological grade are higher than the currently reported rates for comparable patient populations [18].
Antiviral Therapy
The prognostic role of GB virus type C (GBV-C) viraemia in HIV-infected subjects treated with hig... more The prognostic role of GB virus type C (GBV-C) viraemia in HIV-infected subjects treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is still undefined, The aim of this analysis is to assess the relationship between GBV-C infection and response to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected subjects initiating HAART when antiretroviral-naive. A prospective, observational study of 400 HIV-infected patients with measurements of GBV-C RNA, hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and HCV RNA determined from plasma stored prior to HAART initiation, Time to virological (achieving HIV RNA ≤500 copies/ml) and immunological success (a CD4+ count increase of ≥200cells/μl), and the time to virological relapse (confirmed HIV RNA >500 copies/ml) were assessed by Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard regression model. Of the subjects, 117 (29.3%) were GBV-C positive and, overall, 351 (87.8%) patients achieved virological success, After controlling for a number of confounders includin...
American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1985
Protein C, a naturally occurring inhibitor of blood coagulation, was measured immunologically in ... more Protein C, a naturally occurring inhibitor of blood coagulation, was measured immunologically in 160 patients with acute and chronic liver and biliary disease. In 31 patients with acute viral hepatitis serially studied from admission to discharge from hospital, protein C antigen (PC:Ag) was low on admission in a high proportion of cases (61%) but became normal in 90% of them after two weeks at a time when the prothrombin time was still prolonged in 46% of the cases. PC:Ag was also low in 25 cirrhotic patients and in 20 patients with chronic active hepatitis. In chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, PC:Ag levels significantly correlated with indexes of liver synthetic function. In primary biliary cirrhosis (n:40), PC:Ag was low in patients with advanced disease (stages III-IV) but high in the early phases, when cholestasis was not yet accompanied by impaired protein synthesis. PC:Ag was also very high in 20 patients with large bile duct obstruction and highly correlated with indexes of cholestasis. The authors' findings indicate that PC:Ag is reduced in liver disease proportionally to the impairment of the liver synthetic function and that its normalization after acute hepatitis might represent an early marker of recovery of this function.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 1999
The American journal of gastroenterology, 1998
Although several uncontrolled studies have shown that the response rate to ganciclovir and foscar... more Although several uncontrolled studies have shown that the response rate to ganciclovir and foscarnet for all forms of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompromised patients is almost similar, to date, no controlled clinical trial has been specifically designed to compare these two agents in the treatment of CMV esophagitis. The aim of this study was, therefore, to compare the efficacy and safety of these two drugs in the induction therapy of CMV esophagitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Thirty-nine of 211 (18%) consecutive AIDS patients undergoing endoscopy for esophageal symptoms had macroscopic esophagitis that proved to be sustained by CMV based on the documentation of typical intranuclear inclusions at histology; 23 were considered eligible for this study and were randomized to receive foscarnet 90 mg/kg b.i.d. or ganciclovir 5 mg/kg b.i.d. for 21 days. Twelve patients received foscarnet, whereas 11 were treated with ganciclovir. Clinical and...
Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
Diagnosis of a new HIV infection during the primary phase (PHI) is sometimes misleading in a prim... more Diagnosis of a new HIV infection during the primary phase (PHI) is sometimes misleading in a primary care setting. Since 1999 the Italian network for the study of acute HIV infection (ISAI) has been operative. At the time of PHI diagnosis the case is reported to the coordinating centre and enrolled in the National Register which records all epidemiological, demographic and clinical information. From 1999 to September 2001, 51 symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with diagnosis of primary HIV infection were signalled to the coordinating centre. At screening, assessments were: interview to collect demographic and epidemiological data, clinical history (regarding PHI signs and symptoms) and, if available, relevant index case information; physical examination; routine hematology and chemistry; lymphocyte count; plasma HIV-RNA. In a subset of patients PBMC HIV-DNA, HIV-RNA, resistance genotyping and HIV subtype characterization were assessed. 74.5% of patients were males and all but four...
The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology
Rivista di emoterapia ed immunoematologia, 1984
The American journal of gastroenterology, 1983
A 19-year-old woman developed acute jaundice and abnormal liver tests showing acute viral hepatit... more A 19-year-old woman developed acute jaundice and abnormal liver tests showing acute viral hepatitis, presumably non-A non-B. The viral hepatitis, on the 4th day after admission, was complicated by aplastic anemia. Therapy with hydrocortisone promptly instituted was ineffective and a bone marrow transplantation was not possible because we could not find a compatible donor. Sixty-five days after admission the patient died of infection by Candida tropicalis. Postmortem examination showed total medullary aplasia with massive impoverishment of all the lymphatic structures and multiple fungal infarctions in the myocardium, lungs, spleen, kidneys, and liver.
Bollettino dell'Istituto sieroterapico milanese, 1985
We report a case of a male, 26 years old Egyptian patient, who was investigated for a long-lastin... more We report a case of a male, 26 years old Egyptian patient, who was investigated for a long-lasting hepatomegaly and altered transaminase levels. No symptom was reported. Liver biopsy and intestinal biopsy were positive for S. mansoni ova. Urine test initially showed negativity for S. haematobium ova, which only appeared with subsequent investigation, in spite of lack of urinary symptomatology.
Giornale italiano di chemioterapia
Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 2003
At least 15 genetic loci and ten genes have been associated with the demyelinating form of Charco... more At least 15 genetic loci and ten genes have been associated with the demyelinating form of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth hereditary neuropathy and related disorders. As pathogenic mutations have been identified in more and more genes, the labor and expense of screening for such mutations has increased substantially. Using conventional methods such as direct sequencing, single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), or heteroduplex analysis, molecular diagnosis of CMT remains laborious due to the large number of exons to be screened. Some genes (MPZ, PMP22, EGR2, GJB1) are small and have to be analyzed in a relatively large number of patients while other rarer genes, such as periaxin (PRX, 19q13), are too large (7 exons encoding transcripts of 4.8–5.5 kilobases) to be easily included in a molecular diagnostic panel. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the more economical techniques (SSCP and heteroduplex analysis) is far from being optimal ( ). Denaturing High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography (D...
Journal of Hepatology, 2003
Infection, 2010
Background Recent immigrants from developing countries (\2 years since immigration) are at very h... more Background Recent immigrants from developing countries (\2 years since immigration) are at very high risk of active TB disease due to reactivation of latent infections acquired in the country of origin. In industrialized low-incidence TB countries targeted testing programs for high risk groups could allow the detection of latently infected persons who would likely benefit from a course of preventive treatment. In this study we evaluated the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-c enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (QuantiFERON TB-gold in tube, QFT-IT) strategies for TB infection screening programs in recent immigrants from highly endemic countries.
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2000
ISS-IP1, a multicenter, randomized, 48-week open trial, was designed to compare the introduction ... more ISS-IP1, a multicenter, randomized, 48-week open trial, was designed to compare the introduction of ritonavir or indinavir in patients with previous nucleoside experience and CD4+ cell counts below 50/mm3. Concomitant antiretroviral treatment with nucleoside analogs was allowed. Primary efficacy measures were survival and time to a new AIDS-defining event or death, analyzed through the whole period of observation by the intention-to-treat approach. Primary toxicity measures were time to treatment discontinuation and adverse events, grade at least 3/serious, analyzed by an on-treatment approach. Evaluation-of efficacy also included CD4+ cell and RNA response. The trial enrolled 1251 patients in 5 months. At baseline, mean CD4+ cell count was about 20 cells/mm3 and mean HIV RNA copy number was 4.9 log10/ml in both groups. Overall, 402 patients in the ritonavir group and 250 patients in the indinavir group permanently discontinued the assigned treatment (relative risk, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.68-2.30; p = 0.0001), with most of this difference dependent on a higher number of discontinuation for adverse events in the ritonavir group. After a mean follow-up of 307 days (ritonavir, 304; indinavir, 309), 124 deaths (ritonavir, 61; indinavir, 63; relative risk, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.67-1.36; p = 0.80) and 330 new AIDS-defining events (ritonavir, 170; indinavir, 160; relative risk, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.85-1.31; p = 0.60) were observed. CD4+ cell counts increased in both groups in patients still receiving treatment, with about 100 cells gained by week 24 and 150 cells gained by week 48. Body weight also increased over time in both groups. Analysis of RNA response showed a decrease of 1.5 log10 or higher in both treatment groups. Overall, 400 patients in the ritonavir group and 338 patients in the indinavir group developed at least one grade 3/serious new adverse event during follow-up (relative risk, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.28-1.72; p = 0.0001). Favorable CD4+ cell and RNA responses at 24 and 48 weeks were observed in both groups of patients remaining on treatment. Indinavir showed slightly better effects in sustaining RNA, CD4+ cell, and body weight responses. Ritonavir and indinavir results were comparable in terms of clinical outcome (survival and AIDS-defining events).
AIDS, 1999
... 9. Cappiello G, Garbuglia AR, Salvi R, et al ... 03)00084-6 CrossRef. AIDS The effect of high... more ... 9. Cappiello G, Garbuglia AR, Salvi R, et al ... 03)00084-6 CrossRef. AIDS The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on cervical cytologic changes associated with oncogenic HPV among HIV-infected women Minkoff, H; Ahdieh, L; Massad, LS; Anastos, K; Watts, DH; Melnick, S ...
The Management of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas in Europe, 1990
The increased incidence of malignancies associated with AIDS has been the subject of several repo... more The increased incidence of malignancies associated with AIDS has been the subject of several reports in the North American literature: besides Kaposi’s sarcoma and other tumours, such as squamous carcinoma of the tongue and cloacogenic carcinoma of the anorectum [1–22], malignant lymphomas have been demonstrated to be one of the major problems among the neoplastic complications of AIDS [12–24]. According to the North American experience, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related clinical conditions present at an advanced stage in which lesions are concentrated in extranodal and often unusual locations, notably the CNS. Disease confined to the lymph nodes is uncommon. These lymphomas are predominantly high-grade B-cell neoplasms classified as immunoblastic and Burkitt’s-like lymphomas. A variety of severe opportunistic infections and Kaposi’s sarcoma affect these patients. At the same time, the association with AIDS is strengthened by the regular demonstration of reversed ratios of helper (T4+) and suppressor (T8+) lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and by the presence of antibodies to human immune deficiency virus (HIV) [22]. The prognosis is dismal: response to chemotherapy does not positively affect median survival. Mortality rates analysed by histological grade are higher than the currently reported rates for comparable patient populations [18].