Antonio Kokot - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Antonio Kokot
Cardiologia Croatica, Apr 27, 2020
The FASEB Journal, Oct 3, 2018
AimWe hypothesize the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a therapy of dry eye syndrome in... more AimWe hypothesize the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a therapy of dry eye syndrome in rats. BPC 157 already cures ocular tissues. BPC 157 eye drops (ug- or ng-regimen) rescued total deb...
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2017
Pharmaceuticals
Recently, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy by activation of collateral pathways co... more Recently, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy by activation of collateral pathways counteracted various occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes, vascular, and multiorgan failure, and blood pressure disturbances in rats with permanent major vessel occlusion and similar procedures disabling endothelium function. Thereby, we revealed BPC 157 cytoprotective therapy with strong vascular rescuing capabilities in glaucoma therapy. With these capabilities, BPC 157 therapy can recover glaucomatous rats, normalize intraocular pressure, maintain retinal integrity, recover pupil function, recover retinal ischemia, and corneal injuries (i.e., maintained transparency after complete corneal abrasion, corneal ulceration, and counteracted dry eye after lacrimal gland removal or corneal insensitivity). The most important point is that in glaucomatous rats (three of four episcleral veins cauterized) with high intraocular pressure, all BPC 157 regimens immediately normalized intraocular pressure...
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, Dec 1, 2021
Surgically perforated stomach (since direct injury in rats until persisting defect and huge adhes... more Surgically perforated stomach (since direct injury in rats until persisting defect and huge adhesions (day 1, day 7)) fairly represent an unresolved cytoprotection issue, and thereby, we focused resolving of the immediate triad, particular vascular failure (vessels 'disappear'/empty), prolonged bleeding, debilitated defect large widening. Agents (mg/kg) or saline (controls) were given at 1 min post-injury as an abdominal bath (10 ml/rat throughout 2 min). Within 1 - 15 min post-injury period, with cytoprotective BPC 157 (0.01 μg), the rapidly restored vessels 'run' (vessels filled/reappeared) toward the perforated defect, and there is less bleeding, and defect contraction; advanced perforated lesion healing (day 1) to complete healing (day 7), and less adhesions. With pantoprazole (10 mg), early (vessels (worsening), bleeding (prolongation), defect (attenuated widening)) effect means eventual lesions and adhesions severity as in controls. Ranitidine (10 mg) early effect (vessels (improvement), bleeding (less bleeding), defect (eliminated widening, defect not changed)) means final lesions attenuation, but not complete healing, less adhesions. L-NAME (5 mg) early (vessels worsening, less bleeding, attenuated defect widening) and final (lesions aggravation, more adhesions) effect, versus L-arginine (100 mg) early (vessels improvement, more bleeding, attenuated defect widening) and final (lesions attenuation, less adhesions) effect, combined few simultaneously occurring nitric oxide (NO)-system distinct processes. Finally, in the stomach tissue surrounding defect, increased malondialdehyde (MDA)- and decreased NO-values, BPC 157 reversed to the normal healthy values, and mRNA expression studies (Cox2, VEGFa, Nos1, Nos 2, Nos3, Nkap (NF-kappa-B-activating protein gene)), done at that very early post-perforation-time, indicate a way how BPC 157 may act beneficially in the perforated stomach lesion throughout NO- and prostaglandinds-system.
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2014
Current Medicinal Chemistry, Apr 1, 2023
Biomedicines
First, we review the definitively severed myotendinous junction and recovery by the cytoprotectiv... more First, we review the definitively severed myotendinous junction and recovery by the cytoprotective stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy, its healing that might combine both transected and detached tendon and transected muscle, ligament and bone injuries, applied alone, as native peptide therapy, effective in rat injury, given intraperitoneally or in drinking water or topically, at the site of injury. As a follow up, we reviewed that with the BPC 157 therapy, its cytoprotective ability to organize simultaneous healing of different tissues of and full recovery of the myotendinous junction might represent the particular muscle therapy against distinctive etiopathology muscle disabilities and weakness. In this, BPC 157 therapy might recover many of muscle disabilities (i.e., succinylcholine, vascular occlusion, spinal cord compression, stroke, traumatic brain injury, severe electrolyte disturbances, neurotoxins, neuroleptics, alcohol, serotonin syndrome and NO-system blockade...
The FASEB Journal, 2019
We documented that stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 counteracts convulsions induced by con... more We documented that stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 counteracts convulsions induced by concomitant application of atypical neuroleptic, SSRI and NSAID, risperidone, citalopram and metamizole in rats. BPC 157, LD1 not achieved, was implemented as an anti-ulcer peptide in inflammatory bowel disease trials and now in a multiple sclerosis trial. Previously, BPC 157 counteracts consequences of dopamine (D), receptors blockade (neuroleptics-induced catalepsy, prolonged QT intervals, sphincters dysfunction and gastric lesions), much like over-stimulation (amphetamine acute and chronic disturbances; much like Dreceptors supersensitivity (amphetamine after haloperidol)), nigrostriatal lesions (MPTP Parkinsogenic neurotoxin), D-vesicles depletion (reserpine). Similarly, BPC 157 counteracts immobility more than imipramine in depression-models (Porsolt's and chronic unpredictable stress-open field) and induces 5-HT release in particular brain areas (nigrostriatum) when given peripherally, acute and chronically. Also, BPC 157 counteracts convulsions induced by various convulsants (picrotoxine, strychnine, bicuculline) much like either with insulin or with paracetamol. we applied (mg/kg) risperidone 2.5 mg/kg, citalopram 2.0 mg/kg and metamizole 2.0 intraperitoneally. Medication (mg/kg), given 15 min before, or immediately after, includes BPC 157(0.01; 0,00001) while control rats received an equivolume of saline (5 mL/kg). Thereafter, at 20 minutes after medication risperidone/citalopram/metamizole rats became markedly sedated. Then, after the next 20 minutes they start with tonic-clonic seizures. The seizure period was lasting for the next 3 hours. Contrarily, either of BPC 157 regimens maintained normal behavior in all rats. BPC 157 exhibits also an anticonvulsant capacity, as well as a particular profile, which could in a therapy of neuroleptic, SSRI and NSAID intoxication.
Medicina
Background and Objectives: A high-fat diet causes inflammation in the organism and many metabolic... more Background and Objectives: A high-fat diet causes inflammation in the organism and many metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue secretes adipokines that affect the function of many organs. The health status of the mother before and during pregnancy affects the health of the offspring. The aim of this study was to determine how the type of maternal diet and the change in the type of diet in the offspring affects the histological characteristics of the ovaries and subcutaneous and perigonadal adipose tissue in female rat offspring. Materials and Methods: Ten female rats were divided into two groups. One group was fed standard laboratory chow, and the other was fed a high-fat diet and mated with a male of the same breed. The offspring of both groups of dams were divided into four subgroups with different feeding protocols. At 22 weeks of age, the offspring were sacrificed. Ovaries and subcutaneous and perigonadal adipose tissue were isolated. In the ovaries, the presence of cystic formatio...
Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022
Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021
Recently, the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 was shown to counteract major vessel occlus... more Recently, the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 was shown to counteract major vessel occlusion syndromes, i.e., peripheral and/or central occlusion, while activating particular collateral pathways. We induced abdominal compartment syndrome (intra-abdominal pressure in thiopental-anesthetized rats at 25 mmHg (60 min), 30 mmHg (30 min), 40 mmHg (30 min), and 50 mmHg (15 min) and in esketamine-anesthetized rats (25 mmHg for 120 min)) as a model of multiple occlusion syndrome. By improving the function of the venous system with BPC 157, we reversed the chain of harmful events. Rats with intra-abdominal hypertension (grade III, grade IV) received BPC 157 (10 µg or 10 ng/kg sc) or saline (5 ml) after 10 min. BPC 157 administration recovered the azygos vein via the inferior–superior caval vein rescue pathway. Additionally, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal, and caval hypertension and aortal hypotension were reduced, as were the grossly congested stomach and major hemorrh...
Biomedicines, 2021
Cauterization of three episcleral veins (open-angle glaucoma model) induces venous congestion and... more Cauterization of three episcleral veins (open-angle glaucoma model) induces venous congestion and increases intraocular pressure in rats. If not upgraded, one episcleral vein is regularly unable to acquire and take over the whole function, and glaucoma-like features persist. Recently, the rapid upgrading of the collateral pathways by a stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 has cured many severe syndromes induced by permanent occlusion of major vessels, veins and/or arteries, peripherally and centrally. In a six-week study, medication was given prophylactically (immediately before glaucoma surgery, i.e., three episcleral veins cauterization) or as curative treatment (starting at 24 h after glaucoma surgery). The daily regimen of BPC 157 (0.4 µg/eye, 0.4 ng/eye; 10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg) was administered locally as drops in each eye, intraperitoneally (last application at 24 h before sacrifice) or per-orally in drinking water (0.16 µg/mL, 0.16 ng/mL, 12 mL/rat until the sacrifice, first a...
Experimental Eye Research, 2015
Based on its healing effects in various tissues, we hypothesized that the stable gastric pentadec... more Based on its healing effects in various tissues, we hypothesized that the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 heals corneal ulcerations in rats and effects corneal transparency. We made a penetrant linear 2-mm incision in the paralimbal region of the left cornea at the 5 o'clock position with a 20-gauge MVR incision knife at 45° under an operating microscope. Medication was BPC 157 (2 pg/mL, 2 ng/mL, and 2 μg/mL distilled water, two eye drops/left rat eye) immediately after injury induction and then every 8 h up to 120 h; controls received an equal volume of distilled water. In contrast to the poor healing response in controls, BPC 157 significantly accelerated the healing process in 2 μg and 2 ng BPC 157-treated eyes, starting 24 h after the injury, and the fluorescein and Seidel tests became negative. The epithelial defects were completely healed at 72 h (2 μg BPC 157-treated group) and at 96 h (2 ng BPC 157-treated group) after injury. Aqueous cells were absent at 96 h and 120 h after injury in the 2 μg and 2 ng BPC 157-treated groups, respectively. In conclusion, BPC 157 effects the rapid regaining of corneal transparency. Whereas controls developed new vessels that grew from the limbus to the penetrated area, BPC 157-treated rats generally had no new vessels, and those that did form in the limbus did not make contact with the penetrated area. Thus, BPC 157 eye drops successfully close perforating corneal incisions in rats.
PloS one, 2015
BPC 157 is a stable gastric pentadecapeptide recently implicated with a role in hemostasis. While... more BPC 157 is a stable gastric pentadecapeptide recently implicated with a role in hemostasis. While NO is largely implicated in hemostatic mechanisms, in tail-amputation-models under heparin- and warfarin-administration, both the NO-synthase (NOS)-blocker, L-NAME (prothrombotic) and the NOS-substrate L-arginine (antithrombotic), were little investigated. Objective. To investigate the effect of L-NAME and L-arginine on hemostatic parameters, and to reveal the effects of BPC 157 on the L-NAME- and L-arginine-induced hemostatic actions under different pathological condition: tail amputation without or with anticoagulants, heparin or warfarin. Tail amputation, and/or i.v.-heparin (10 mg/kg), i.g.-warfarin (1.5 mg/kg/day for 3 days) were used in rats. Treatment includes BPC 157, L-NAME, L-arginine, per se and their combination. After (tail) amputation, with or without i.v.-heparin or i.g.-warfarin, BPC 157 (10 μg/kg, 10 ng/kg, i.p., i.v. (heparin), 10 μg/kg i.g. (warfarin)) always reduced ...
Biomedicines
We attempted throughout the NO-system to achieve the particular counteraction of the ketamine-ind... more We attempted throughout the NO-system to achieve the particular counteraction of the ketamine-induced resembling “negative-like” schizophrenia symptoms in rats using pentadecapeptide BPC 157, and NO-agents, NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), and/or L-arginine, triple application. This might be the find out the NO-system organized therapy (i.e., simultaneously implied NO-system blockade (L-NAME) vs. NO-system over-stimulation (L-arginine) vs. NO-system immobilization (L-NAME+L-arginine)). The ketamine regimen (intraperitoneally/kg) included: 3 mg (cognitive dysfunction, novel object recognition test), 30 mg (anxiogenic effect (open field test) and anhedonia (sucrose test)), and 8 mg/3 days (social withdrawal). Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), and BPC 157 (0.01), alone and/or together, given immediately before ketamine (L-NAME, L-arginine, and combination) or given immediately after (BPC 157 and combinations). BPC 157 counteracted ketamine-...
World Journal of Gastroenterology
Pokazali smo u stakora posebne modulatorne ucinke želucanog pentadekapeptida BPC 157 (10µg, 10ng,... more Pokazali smo u stakora posebne modulatorne ucinke želucanog pentadekapeptida BPC 157 (10µg, 10ng, 10pg/kg) primijenjenog u obliku kapi za oci ili sistemski na dugotrajni (cca 3h) miotski ucinak nakon primjene L-NAME (5mg/kg) ili L-arginina (100 mg/kg) na midrijazu uzrokovanu atropinom (2 kapi 1% atropina u svako oko, supstancije primijenjene u stanju maksimalne midrijaze), kao i na midrijazu i miozu uzrokovanu pilokarpinom (2 kapi pilokarpina u svako oko, supstancije primijenjene zajedno i u posttretmanu) te osjetljivost s obzirom na blokadu i stimulaciju NO sistema. Opcenito, sve navedene supstancije koje mogu antagonizirati atropinsku i pilokarpinsku midrijazu i također s L-NAME, L-arginin i pilokarpinom uzrokovanu miozu imaju utjecaj na NO sistem. L-NAME i L-arginin miotski ucinci su uglavnom paralelni (izraženiji ucinak kada su primijenjeni lokalno i zajedno), ali i kompetitivni (uzrokujuci nakon intraperitonealne primjene krace vrijeme vracanja zjenice u pocetno normalno stanje...
The FASEB Journal, 2015
In living rats, atropine-mydriasis would depend on NO-related mechanisms in a particular way: bot... more In living rats, atropine-mydriasis would depend on NO-related mechanisms in a particular way: both L-NAME, a NOS-blocker and L-arginine, a NOS-substrate wouldexhibit a miotic effect, not yet descri...
Cardiologia Croatica, Apr 27, 2020
The FASEB Journal, Oct 3, 2018
AimWe hypothesize the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a therapy of dry eye syndrome in... more AimWe hypothesize the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a therapy of dry eye syndrome in rats. BPC 157 already cures ocular tissues. BPC 157 eye drops (ug- or ng-regimen) rescued total deb...
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2017
Pharmaceuticals
Recently, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy by activation of collateral pathways co... more Recently, stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy by activation of collateral pathways counteracted various occlusion/occlusion-like syndromes, vascular, and multiorgan failure, and blood pressure disturbances in rats with permanent major vessel occlusion and similar procedures disabling endothelium function. Thereby, we revealed BPC 157 cytoprotective therapy with strong vascular rescuing capabilities in glaucoma therapy. With these capabilities, BPC 157 therapy can recover glaucomatous rats, normalize intraocular pressure, maintain retinal integrity, recover pupil function, recover retinal ischemia, and corneal injuries (i.e., maintained transparency after complete corneal abrasion, corneal ulceration, and counteracted dry eye after lacrimal gland removal or corneal insensitivity). The most important point is that in glaucomatous rats (three of four episcleral veins cauterized) with high intraocular pressure, all BPC 157 regimens immediately normalized intraocular pressure...
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, Dec 1, 2021
Surgically perforated stomach (since direct injury in rats until persisting defect and huge adhes... more Surgically perforated stomach (since direct injury in rats until persisting defect and huge adhesions (day 1, day 7)) fairly represent an unresolved cytoprotection issue, and thereby, we focused resolving of the immediate triad, particular vascular failure (vessels 'disappear'/empty), prolonged bleeding, debilitated defect large widening. Agents (mg/kg) or saline (controls) were given at 1 min post-injury as an abdominal bath (10 ml/rat throughout 2 min). Within 1 - 15 min post-injury period, with cytoprotective BPC 157 (0.01 μg), the rapidly restored vessels 'run' (vessels filled/reappeared) toward the perforated defect, and there is less bleeding, and defect contraction; advanced perforated lesion healing (day 1) to complete healing (day 7), and less adhesions. With pantoprazole (10 mg), early (vessels (worsening), bleeding (prolongation), defect (attenuated widening)) effect means eventual lesions and adhesions severity as in controls. Ranitidine (10 mg) early effect (vessels (improvement), bleeding (less bleeding), defect (eliminated widening, defect not changed)) means final lesions attenuation, but not complete healing, less adhesions. L-NAME (5 mg) early (vessels worsening, less bleeding, attenuated defect widening) and final (lesions aggravation, more adhesions) effect, versus L-arginine (100 mg) early (vessels improvement, more bleeding, attenuated defect widening) and final (lesions attenuation, less adhesions) effect, combined few simultaneously occurring nitric oxide (NO)-system distinct processes. Finally, in the stomach tissue surrounding defect, increased malondialdehyde (MDA)- and decreased NO-values, BPC 157 reversed to the normal healthy values, and mRNA expression studies (Cox2, VEGFa, Nos1, Nos 2, Nos3, Nkap (NF-kappa-B-activating protein gene)), done at that very early post-perforation-time, indicate a way how BPC 157 may act beneficially in the perforated stomach lesion throughout NO- and prostaglandinds-system.
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2014
Current Medicinal Chemistry, Apr 1, 2023
Biomedicines
First, we review the definitively severed myotendinous junction and recovery by the cytoprotectiv... more First, we review the definitively severed myotendinous junction and recovery by the cytoprotective stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy, its healing that might combine both transected and detached tendon and transected muscle, ligament and bone injuries, applied alone, as native peptide therapy, effective in rat injury, given intraperitoneally or in drinking water or topically, at the site of injury. As a follow up, we reviewed that with the BPC 157 therapy, its cytoprotective ability to organize simultaneous healing of different tissues of and full recovery of the myotendinous junction might represent the particular muscle therapy against distinctive etiopathology muscle disabilities and weakness. In this, BPC 157 therapy might recover many of muscle disabilities (i.e., succinylcholine, vascular occlusion, spinal cord compression, stroke, traumatic brain injury, severe electrolyte disturbances, neurotoxins, neuroleptics, alcohol, serotonin syndrome and NO-system blockade...
The FASEB Journal, 2019
We documented that stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 counteracts convulsions induced by con... more We documented that stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 counteracts convulsions induced by concomitant application of atypical neuroleptic, SSRI and NSAID, risperidone, citalopram and metamizole in rats. BPC 157, LD1 not achieved, was implemented as an anti-ulcer peptide in inflammatory bowel disease trials and now in a multiple sclerosis trial. Previously, BPC 157 counteracts consequences of dopamine (D), receptors blockade (neuroleptics-induced catalepsy, prolonged QT intervals, sphincters dysfunction and gastric lesions), much like over-stimulation (amphetamine acute and chronic disturbances; much like Dreceptors supersensitivity (amphetamine after haloperidol)), nigrostriatal lesions (MPTP Parkinsogenic neurotoxin), D-vesicles depletion (reserpine). Similarly, BPC 157 counteracts immobility more than imipramine in depression-models (Porsolt's and chronic unpredictable stress-open field) and induces 5-HT release in particular brain areas (nigrostriatum) when given peripherally, acute and chronically. Also, BPC 157 counteracts convulsions induced by various convulsants (picrotoxine, strychnine, bicuculline) much like either with insulin or with paracetamol. we applied (mg/kg) risperidone 2.5 mg/kg, citalopram 2.0 mg/kg and metamizole 2.0 intraperitoneally. Medication (mg/kg), given 15 min before, or immediately after, includes BPC 157(0.01; 0,00001) while control rats received an equivolume of saline (5 mL/kg). Thereafter, at 20 minutes after medication risperidone/citalopram/metamizole rats became markedly sedated. Then, after the next 20 minutes they start with tonic-clonic seizures. The seizure period was lasting for the next 3 hours. Contrarily, either of BPC 157 regimens maintained normal behavior in all rats. BPC 157 exhibits also an anticonvulsant capacity, as well as a particular profile, which could in a therapy of neuroleptic, SSRI and NSAID intoxication.
Medicina
Background and Objectives: A high-fat diet causes inflammation in the organism and many metabolic... more Background and Objectives: A high-fat diet causes inflammation in the organism and many metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue secretes adipokines that affect the function of many organs. The health status of the mother before and during pregnancy affects the health of the offspring. The aim of this study was to determine how the type of maternal diet and the change in the type of diet in the offspring affects the histological characteristics of the ovaries and subcutaneous and perigonadal adipose tissue in female rat offspring. Materials and Methods: Ten female rats were divided into two groups. One group was fed standard laboratory chow, and the other was fed a high-fat diet and mated with a male of the same breed. The offspring of both groups of dams were divided into four subgroups with different feeding protocols. At 22 weeks of age, the offspring were sacrificed. Ovaries and subcutaneous and perigonadal adipose tissue were isolated. In the ovaries, the presence of cystic formatio...
Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022
Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021
Recently, the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 was shown to counteract major vessel occlus... more Recently, the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 was shown to counteract major vessel occlusion syndromes, i.e., peripheral and/or central occlusion, while activating particular collateral pathways. We induced abdominal compartment syndrome (intra-abdominal pressure in thiopental-anesthetized rats at 25 mmHg (60 min), 30 mmHg (30 min), 40 mmHg (30 min), and 50 mmHg (15 min) and in esketamine-anesthetized rats (25 mmHg for 120 min)) as a model of multiple occlusion syndrome. By improving the function of the venous system with BPC 157, we reversed the chain of harmful events. Rats with intra-abdominal hypertension (grade III, grade IV) received BPC 157 (10 µg or 10 ng/kg sc) or saline (5 ml) after 10 min. BPC 157 administration recovered the azygos vein via the inferior–superior caval vein rescue pathway. Additionally, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal, and caval hypertension and aortal hypotension were reduced, as were the grossly congested stomach and major hemorrh...
Biomedicines, 2021
Cauterization of three episcleral veins (open-angle glaucoma model) induces venous congestion and... more Cauterization of three episcleral veins (open-angle glaucoma model) induces venous congestion and increases intraocular pressure in rats. If not upgraded, one episcleral vein is regularly unable to acquire and take over the whole function, and glaucoma-like features persist. Recently, the rapid upgrading of the collateral pathways by a stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 has cured many severe syndromes induced by permanent occlusion of major vessels, veins and/or arteries, peripherally and centrally. In a six-week study, medication was given prophylactically (immediately before glaucoma surgery, i.e., three episcleral veins cauterization) or as curative treatment (starting at 24 h after glaucoma surgery). The daily regimen of BPC 157 (0.4 µg/eye, 0.4 ng/eye; 10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg) was administered locally as drops in each eye, intraperitoneally (last application at 24 h before sacrifice) or per-orally in drinking water (0.16 µg/mL, 0.16 ng/mL, 12 mL/rat until the sacrifice, first a...
Experimental Eye Research, 2015
Based on its healing effects in various tissues, we hypothesized that the stable gastric pentadec... more Based on its healing effects in various tissues, we hypothesized that the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 heals corneal ulcerations in rats and effects corneal transparency. We made a penetrant linear 2-mm incision in the paralimbal region of the left cornea at the 5 o'clock position with a 20-gauge MVR incision knife at 45° under an operating microscope. Medication was BPC 157 (2 pg/mL, 2 ng/mL, and 2 μg/mL distilled water, two eye drops/left rat eye) immediately after injury induction and then every 8 h up to 120 h; controls received an equal volume of distilled water. In contrast to the poor healing response in controls, BPC 157 significantly accelerated the healing process in 2 μg and 2 ng BPC 157-treated eyes, starting 24 h after the injury, and the fluorescein and Seidel tests became negative. The epithelial defects were completely healed at 72 h (2 μg BPC 157-treated group) and at 96 h (2 ng BPC 157-treated group) after injury. Aqueous cells were absent at 96 h and 120 h after injury in the 2 μg and 2 ng BPC 157-treated groups, respectively. In conclusion, BPC 157 effects the rapid regaining of corneal transparency. Whereas controls developed new vessels that grew from the limbus to the penetrated area, BPC 157-treated rats generally had no new vessels, and those that did form in the limbus did not make contact with the penetrated area. Thus, BPC 157 eye drops successfully close perforating corneal incisions in rats.
PloS one, 2015
BPC 157 is a stable gastric pentadecapeptide recently implicated with a role in hemostasis. While... more BPC 157 is a stable gastric pentadecapeptide recently implicated with a role in hemostasis. While NO is largely implicated in hemostatic mechanisms, in tail-amputation-models under heparin- and warfarin-administration, both the NO-synthase (NOS)-blocker, L-NAME (prothrombotic) and the NOS-substrate L-arginine (antithrombotic), were little investigated. Objective. To investigate the effect of L-NAME and L-arginine on hemostatic parameters, and to reveal the effects of BPC 157 on the L-NAME- and L-arginine-induced hemostatic actions under different pathological condition: tail amputation without or with anticoagulants, heparin or warfarin. Tail amputation, and/or i.v.-heparin (10 mg/kg), i.g.-warfarin (1.5 mg/kg/day for 3 days) were used in rats. Treatment includes BPC 157, L-NAME, L-arginine, per se and their combination. After (tail) amputation, with or without i.v.-heparin or i.g.-warfarin, BPC 157 (10 μg/kg, 10 ng/kg, i.p., i.v. (heparin), 10 μg/kg i.g. (warfarin)) always reduced ...
Biomedicines
We attempted throughout the NO-system to achieve the particular counteraction of the ketamine-ind... more We attempted throughout the NO-system to achieve the particular counteraction of the ketamine-induced resembling “negative-like” schizophrenia symptoms in rats using pentadecapeptide BPC 157, and NO-agents, NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), and/or L-arginine, triple application. This might be the find out the NO-system organized therapy (i.e., simultaneously implied NO-system blockade (L-NAME) vs. NO-system over-stimulation (L-arginine) vs. NO-system immobilization (L-NAME+L-arginine)). The ketamine regimen (intraperitoneally/kg) included: 3 mg (cognitive dysfunction, novel object recognition test), 30 mg (anxiogenic effect (open field test) and anhedonia (sucrose test)), and 8 mg/3 days (social withdrawal). Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), and BPC 157 (0.01), alone and/or together, given immediately before ketamine (L-NAME, L-arginine, and combination) or given immediately after (BPC 157 and combinations). BPC 157 counteracted ketamine-...
World Journal of Gastroenterology
Pokazali smo u stakora posebne modulatorne ucinke želucanog pentadekapeptida BPC 157 (10µg, 10ng,... more Pokazali smo u stakora posebne modulatorne ucinke želucanog pentadekapeptida BPC 157 (10µg, 10ng, 10pg/kg) primijenjenog u obliku kapi za oci ili sistemski na dugotrajni (cca 3h) miotski ucinak nakon primjene L-NAME (5mg/kg) ili L-arginina (100 mg/kg) na midrijazu uzrokovanu atropinom (2 kapi 1% atropina u svako oko, supstancije primijenjene u stanju maksimalne midrijaze), kao i na midrijazu i miozu uzrokovanu pilokarpinom (2 kapi pilokarpina u svako oko, supstancije primijenjene zajedno i u posttretmanu) te osjetljivost s obzirom na blokadu i stimulaciju NO sistema. Opcenito, sve navedene supstancije koje mogu antagonizirati atropinsku i pilokarpinsku midrijazu i također s L-NAME, L-arginin i pilokarpinom uzrokovanu miozu imaju utjecaj na NO sistem. L-NAME i L-arginin miotski ucinci su uglavnom paralelni (izraženiji ucinak kada su primijenjeni lokalno i zajedno), ali i kompetitivni (uzrokujuci nakon intraperitonealne primjene krace vrijeme vracanja zjenice u pocetno normalno stanje...
The FASEB Journal, 2015
In living rats, atropine-mydriasis would depend on NO-related mechanisms in a particular way: bot... more In living rats, atropine-mydriasis would depend on NO-related mechanisms in a particular way: both L-NAME, a NOS-blocker and L-arginine, a NOS-substrate wouldexhibit a miotic effect, not yet descri...