Antonio Lopez-beltran - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Antonio Lopez-beltran

European urology, Jan 11, 2016

Future oncology (London, England), Jan 17, 2016

The American Society of Clinical Oncology Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, Moscone West Building,... more The American Society of Clinical Oncology Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, Moscone West Building, San Francisco, CA, USA, 7-9 January 2016 The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, held in San Francisco (CA, USA), from 7 to 9 January 2016, focused on 'patient-centric care: translating research to results'. Every year, this meeting is a must for anyone studying genitourinary tumors to keep abreast of the most recent innovations in this field, exchange views on behaviors customarily adopted in daily clinical practice and discuss future topics of scientific research. This two-part report highlights the key themes presented at the 2016 ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, with part 1 reporting the main novelties of kidney cancer and part 2 discussing the most relevant issues which have emerged for bladder and prostate tumors.

Urologia, Jan 23, 2016

Recent insights and emerging strategies for individualized therapeutic approaches in patients wit... more Recent insights and emerging strategies for individualized therapeutic approaches in patients with genitourinary (GU) cancers are based on patient's genomic and cancer's molecular profiles. This depends on the significant advances made in molecular biology technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and whole-exome sequencing. The rise of such novel techniques has grayly increased our knowledge on cancer cell biology and development, thus allowing to identify complex abnormalities at the genomic level. These findings have paved the way toward what is called precision medicine, thus providing healthcare from an individual perspective in patients with GU tumors.

Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, 2016

APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica, Jan 7, 2016

We describe a rare multicentric neoplastic disease arising bilteraly in the kidney. The patient w... more We describe a rare multicentric neoplastic disease arising bilteraly in the kidney. The patient was a 70-year-old man, who, during a period of 3 years, was treated for five independent tumors of three histotypes (three multilocular cystic clear cell renal cell neoplasms of low malignant potential, one clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and one clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma, respectively). Pathologic diagnosis of the reported tumors was confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses, including CD10, CA IX, CK7, AMACR/RACEMASE, and 34 beta E12. Molecular detection of KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, PIK3CA, ALK, ERBB2, DDR2, MAP2K1, RET, and EGFR gene mutational analysis was also performed in all tumors.

Expert review of anticancer therapy, 2016

The Gleason grading system was developed in the late 1960s by Dr. Donald F. Gleason. Due to chang... more The Gleason grading system was developed in the late 1960s by Dr. Donald F. Gleason. Due to changes in prostatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) detection and treatment, newer technologies to better characterize prostatic pathology, subsequently described variants of PAC and further data relating various morphologic patterns to prognosis, the application of the Gleason grading system changed substantially in surgical pathology. First in 2005 and more recently in 2014, consensus conferences were held to update PAC grading. Here, we review of the successive changes in the grading of PAC from the original system, with emphasis on the newest prognostic grade grouping.

Cancer Treatment Reviews, 2016

Metabolism of bladder cancer represents a key issue for cancer research. Several metabolic altere... more Metabolism of bladder cancer represents a key issue for cancer research. Several metabolic altered pathways are involved in bladder tumorigenesis, representing therefore interesting targets for therapy. Tumor cells, including urothelial cancer cells, rely on a peculiar shift to aerobic glycolysis-dependent metabolism (the Warburg-effect) as the main energy source to sustain their uncontrolled growth and proliferation. Therefore, the high glycolytic flux depends on the overexpression of glycolysis-related genes (SRC-3, glucose transporter type 1 [GLUT1], GLUT3, lactic dehydrogenase A [LDHA], LDHB, hexokinase 1 [HK1], HK2, pyruvate kinase type M [PKM], and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [HIF-1α]), resulting in an overproduction of pyruvate, alanine and lactate. Concurrently, bladder cancer metabolism displays an increased expression of genes favoring the pentose phosphate pathway (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G6PD]) and the fatty-acid synthesis (fatty acid synthase [FASN]), along with a decrease of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Krebs cycle activities. Moreover, the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, hyper-activated in bladder cancer, acts as central regulator of aerobic glycolysis, hence contributing to cancer metabolic switch and tumor cell proliferation. Besides glycolysis, glycogen metabolism pathway plays a robust role in bladder cancer development. In particular, the overexpression of GLUT-1, the loss of the tumor suppressor glycogen debranching enzyme amylo-α-1,6-glucosidase, 4-α-glucanotransferase (AGL), and the increased activity of the tumor promoter enzyme glycogen phosphorylase impair glycogen metabolism. An increase in glucose uptake, decrease in normal cellular glycogen storage, and overproduction of lactate are consequences of decreased oxidative phosphorylation and inability to reuse glucose into the pentose phosphate and de novo fatty acid synthesis pathways. Moreover, AGL loss determines augmented levels of the serine-to-glycine enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2), resulting in an increased glycine and purine ring of nucleotides synthesis, thus supporting cells proliferation. A deep understanding of the metabolic phenotype of bladder cancer will provide novel opportunities for targeted therapeutic strategies.

Endocrine pathology, Jan 17, 2016

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the prostate represent a multifarious group of tumors that exist both... more Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the prostate represent a multifarious group of tumors that exist both in pure forms and associated with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Morphologically, neuroendocrine cells in prostate neoplasms can range from being indistinguishable from surrounding prostate adenocarcinoma cells to having high-grade neuroendocrine appearances similar to neuroendocrine malignancies of other organs. On the molecular level, neuroendocrine malignancies arising in the setting of prostate adenocarcinoma have been the subject of a large amount of recent research, most of which has supported the conclusion that neuroendocrine malignancy within the prostate develops as a transdifferentiation from prostate adenocarcinoma. There has not, however, been substantial investigation into rare, pure neuroendocrine malignancies and the possibility that these tumors may have a different cell of origin and molecular genesis. Here, we discuss the morphologic spectrum of malignant neuroendocrine pr...

Journal of clinical pathology, Jan 3, 2016

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) cases were evaluated for mutations on the foll... more Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) cases were evaluated for mutations on the following genes: KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, ALK, ERBB2, DDR2, MAP2K1, RET and EGFR. Four male and three female patients of age 42-74 years were evaluated. All cases were incidentally detected by ultrasound and ranged 1.8-3.5 cm. Microscopic examination showed variably tubulopapillary, tubular acinar, cystic architecture and the characteristic linear arrangement of nuclei. The cells were reactive with CK7 (strong), CA IX (cup-shape) and 34 β E12. CD10, AMACR/RACEMASE and GATA3 were negative. There were no mutations on any of the investigated genes. This preliminary observation supports the concept that CCPRCC might be indeed an indolent tumour worth it to be named as clear cell papillary neoplasm of low potential.

Journal of clinical pathology, Jan 29, 2016

It is unclear whether the reported variation in the diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma of the pro... more It is unclear whether the reported variation in the diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is due to variable interpretation of borderline morphology, use of different diagnostic criteria or both. We sought to determine the degree of variation in the diagnostic criteria and reporting rules for IDC-P in prostate biopsies employed by expert uropathologists. A questionnaire survey was circulated to 23 expert uropathologists from 11 European countries. Criteria used for diagnosis of IDC-P included solid intraductal growth (100%), dense cribriform (96%), loose cribriform/micropapillary with nuclear size >6× normal (83%) or comedonecrosis (74%) and dilated ducts >2× normal (39%). 'Nuclear size' was interpreted as nuclear area by 74% and nuclear diameter by 21%. Pure IDC-P in needle biopsies was reported by 100% and Gleason graded by 30%. All would perform immunohistochemistry in such cases to rule out invasive cancer. An IDC-P component associated with in...

Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy, 2016

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmentally vital reversible process by which... more Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmentally vital reversible process by which fully differentiated cells lose their epithelial features and acquire a migratory mesenchymal phenotype. EMT contributes to the metastatic potential of tumors. The expression profile and other biological properties of EMT suggest potential targets for cancer therapy, including in renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). The preclinical and clinical results have substantiated the promises that dysregulated elements leading to EMT can be a potential target in RCC patients. In this study, we illustrated the pathogenic and prognostic role of EMT in RCC. In addition, we reconstructed, by literature analysis, the different pathways implicated in the EMT process, thus supporting the rational for future EMT-directed therapeutic approaches for RCC patients.

Biomarkers in Medicine, 2016

To assess the diagnostic performance of FGFR3 and Cyclin D3 urinary protein levels in detecting b... more To assess the diagnostic performance of FGFR3 and Cyclin D3 urinary protein levels in detecting bladder cancer recurrence. Urine of 321 patients in follow-up for bladder cancer and 150 non-neoplastic urine controls was included. Cytology, cystoscopy and FGFR3 and Cyclin D3 expression by western blot were performed. One hundred ten (34.3%) patients had evidence of tumor recurrence. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology/cystoscopy was 80 and 84%, and for FGFR3/Cyclin D3 was of 73 and 90%. Combined urinary FGFR3/Cyclin D3 expression shows improved detection rates for bladder cancer recurrence with high specificity and sensitivity, and within the same range of detection shown by cystoscopy, therefore supporting its potential use as noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer recurrence.

Pathology - Research and Practice, 2016

We report a rare case of synchronous clear cell renal cell carcinoma and multilocular cystic rena... more We report a rare case of synchronous clear cell renal cell carcinoma and multilocular cystic renal cell neoplasia of low malignant potential in the same kidney. The tumors were seen incidentally in a 45-year-old man. Pathologic study revealed that the former tumor was nucleolar grade 2, and the multilocular cystic renal cell neoplasia of low malignant potential was nucleolar grade 1. At immunohistochemistry, the clear cells in both tumors were positive for CD10 and CA IX. Interestingly, these uncommon synchronous tumors showed a different KRAS/NRAS mutation analysis that was characterized by KRAS mutation at codon p.G12C in the clear cell renal cell carcinoma, while this mutation was not present in the case of multilocular cystic renal cell neoplasia of low malignant potential. NRAS mutation was not seen in any of the tumors.

Histopathology, Jan 18, 2015

To better understand the genetic ontogeny of inverted papilloma of urinary bladder, we analyzed t... more To better understand the genetic ontogeny of inverted papilloma of urinary bladder, we analyzed telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation status in a group of 26 inverted papillomas in comparison with the mutation status of urothelial carcinoma with inverted growth (26 cases), conventional urothelial carcinoma (36 Ta noninvasive urothelial carcinoma, 35 T2 invasive urothelial carcinoma), and cystitis glandularis (25 cases). TERT promoter mutations in inverted papilloma, urothelial carcinoma with inverted growth, urothelial carcinoma, and cystitis glandularis were 15% (4/26), 58% (15/26), 63% (45/71), and 0% (0/25), respectively. C228T mutations were the predominant mutations (97%) found in bladder tumors while C250T aberrations occurred in only about 3% of bladder tumors. In the inverted papilloma group, TERT mutation occurred predominantly in female patients (P=0.006). Among urothelial carcinomas, TERT promoter mutation status did not correlate with gender, histolog...

World journal of urology, Jan 22, 2015

Metastases to lymph nodes (LNs) represent an unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with prost... more Metastases to lymph nodes (LNs) represent an unfavorable prognostic factor in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Histological examination represents the gold standard in the evaluation of the lymphadenectomy (LND) specimens for the presence of secondary deposits. The metastatic detection rate can vary according to the approach adopted in the microscopic analysis of the LNs, which includes frozen-section examination, total inclusion of the tissue with and without whole-mount sections, serial sectioning, and the application of immunohistochemistry. The assessment of the sentinel LN, the search for micrometastases, and the evaluation of atypical LN metastatic sites further contribute to the detection of the metastatic spread. In this review, an update on the histopathological evaluation of LND specimens in patients with PCa is given, and focus is made on their clinical and prognostic significance.

Histology and histopathology, Jan 21, 2015

The discovery that the role human papillomavirus (HPV) plays in the induction of human cancer rep... more The discovery that the role human papillomavirus (HPV) plays in the induction of human cancer represents an important achievement in oncologic research. It has taken on even greater importance since the development of vaccines, which promise the hope of preventing these cancers from ever occurring. Because of these important implications, many have attempted to determine a possible role for the virus in cancers of the urinary bladder-an organ in close anatomic proximity to the primary sites of HPV-induced neoplasia and one which already has an established oncogenic infectious agent in Schistosoma haematobium. Here we review the current literature exploring this possible role in the most common subtype of cancer of the urinary bladder, urothelial carcinoma, and two much more rare histologic subtypes that have well established roles for HPV-induced neoplasia in other anatomic sites-squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.