Anuj bansal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Anuj bansal

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

CRC Press eBooks, Jun 13, 2022

Surface and Coatings Technology

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

SS410 is widely used as a hydro-machinery steel and is generally exposed to the slurry erosion co... more SS410 is widely used as a hydro-machinery steel and is generally exposed to the slurry erosion conditions, which decrease its useable-life. In the current investigation, an attempt was made to analyse the effect of slurry erosion on this steel. The slurry erosion testing was done in a slurry erosion test rig, which provides possibility to vary impingement conditions like average particle size, slurry concentration, impingement angle, and velocity of jet. Moreover, some mechanical and metallurgical properties of the steel were also investigated. It was concluded that the slurry erosion rate of the steel increases with increase in the concentration and jet velocity. However, with the increase in average particle size, slurry erosion was found to decrease, which may be due to the lower penetration capacity of higher sand particles. Moreover, slurry erosion, in general, was found to be maximum at a parametric combination of lowest average particle size (150 mm), 60°impingement angle, maximum concentration (45000 ppm), and maximum jet velocity (35 m/sec). Slurry erosion was found to be maximum at an impingement angle of 60°, indicating a mixed mode of erosion (ductile as well as brittle) for the given steel. The mechanisms involved in slurry erosion were found to be crater formation, ploughing, and lip formation followed by its fracture.

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2021

Abstract Erosion due to slurry has an indispensable effect on the lifespan and operating efficien... more Abstract Erosion due to slurry has an indispensable effect on the lifespan and operating efficiency of hydro machine components. To mitigate this effect, laser cladding may prove as a cost-effective choice to improve the surface properties of various hydro machine components. In this research work, a laser cladding of Colmonoy-6 + 50%WC powder on the surface of SS410 steel was deposited using high-power diode laser at optimized levels of operating parameters. The deposited coating was characterized with regard to different mechanical and metallurgical properties. The effect of various factors such as slurry concentration, erodent particle size, impact velocity, and impact angle on slurry erosion behavior of uncoated and laser cladded substrate was analyzed. The Colmonoy-6 + 50%WC cladded specimens exhibited significantly better slurry erosion resistance in comparison with uncoated SS410 steel specimens under all slurry erosion conditions. Impact velocity was observed to be a maximum contributor to slurry erosion, followed by impact angle, average particle size and slurry concentration. The SEM micrographs of eroded cladded surfaces showed signatures of lip formation & fracture sites, micro-cutting, ploughing, and wear marks at a shallow impact angle in Colmonoy-6 pool, however, for normal impact, the existence of cracks in WC particles were observed.

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Abstract The present paper investigates the tool deflection in three dimensions for two different... more Abstract The present paper investigates the tool deflection in three dimensions for two different tool diameters during end milling operation and validates the experimental findings with the finite element results. Cutting forces (i.e., radial cutting force, tangential cutting force, axial cutting force) exerted by the tool on AISI 1045 steel substrate under different combinations of cutting parameters (viz. feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut) were measured using a dynamometer. For more accurate prediction of tool deflection using finite element analysis (FEA), the tool-workpiece contact region was sliced into small segments for the equal distribution of cutting forces. In order to verify the experimentally measured inaccuracy in the cut profile using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) under different sets of parameters, the experimental results were compared with the predicted values of FEA. From the results, it was observed that the cutting forces were comparatively larger in magnitude for the larger tool diameter. Also, the depth of cut was found to be the most influential parameter among all, whereas the effect of feed rate and cutting speed on profile error was found to be insignificant. Further, the results show good agreement between the predicted FEA simulated tool defection and experimental values.

Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 2019

Mechanical components are subjected to wear during their functionality, which decreases the life ... more Mechanical components are subjected to wear during their functionality, which decreases the life of such components. The mechanical strength plays a major role for the same. Different heat treatments had been used to improve the mechanical strength of such components. In this paper, DCT (Deep cryogenic treatment) with post-tempering treatment was conducted on austenitic steel SS316 and its effect on mechanical as well as metallurgical properties was investigated through experimental testing's. For post-tempering, two temperatures were selected (T 1 : 350°C and T 2 : 250°C). It was observed that the DCT samples with post-tempered treatment at T 2 : 250°C possess good tensile strength and hardness. The reason behind the same can be refinement of grains after DCT with tempered at T 2 : 250°C as seen from the microstructural analysis. Further, decrease in toughness was also observed for both the DCT samples. The conversion from austenitic grains to martensitic grains was also observed after DCT. Keywords DCT: deep cryogenic treatment • Tempering • SS316 • Austenitic 7.1 Introduction SS316 is austenitic grade of SS and widely used in many of the mechanical components. These mechanical components may be exposed to different wearing condition during their functionality like slurry erosion, dry abrasion and corrosion as observed by Patil et al. [1] which decreases the life span of such components. Liu et al. [2] have

Several hydro-machinery components such as impellers of submersible pump, draft tubes and turbine... more Several hydro-machinery components such as impellers of submersible pump, draft tubes and turbine blades generally suffer from cavitation erosion (CE) during their operation, and due to this, service life and capability of such parts are reduced. During the design and development of these components, test rigs are usually required to evaluate their performance. In the present research work, keeping in view the economic aspects, out of different test rigs available, it is proposed to use high-velocity submerged water jet cavitation erosion test rig. The test rig was designed with flexibility in cavitation erosion parameters (velocity, angle of attack, stand-off distance, nozzle diameter) and fabricated with an aim to test the cavitation erosion of hydro-machinery steel under different cavitation erosion parameters. Calibration of the test rig was done for jet velocity, stand-off distance (SOD) and angle of attack. The CE rate of steel SS410 was evaluated using the fabricated test rig...

Martensitic grade SS410 is used extensively for manufacturing of turbine blades and other hydro-m... more Martensitic grade SS410 is used extensively for manufacturing of turbine blades and other hydro-machinery components. During working of such components, due to poor mechanical properties of the material, the components lose its functionality and life of such components decreases. In this regard, the improvement in the material properties is essential, to enhance the life of such components. For improving the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the material, deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) can be effectively used. In this research work, DCT followed by tempering at two temperatures 350 and 250 °C has been performed on SS410. The SS410 specimens with and without DCT were tested for tensile strength, toughness, and micro-hardness. It has been observed that DCT followed by post-tempering at 250 °C has shown better results in terms of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and micro-hardness as compared to its counterparts. This may correspond to the conversion of retained austenite to ma...

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2021

The French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the most widely grown grain legume crop around the... more The French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the most widely grown grain legume crop around the world covering an area of about 28 million hectares with an annual production of 20 million tones (FAO 2016). French bean suffers from many diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and abiotic stresses. Among the fungal diseases anthracnose, are the most prevalent ones.Colletotrichum lindemuthianum attack on the bean leaves, causes dark brown necrotic lesions and decrease leaf photosynthesis activity. Yield loss is due to early leaf senescence and plant death, shrunken seed and an increase in the amount of diseased seed that has lesions on its coat. Such beans have a repulsive appearance and are not preferred by consumers. The disease is characterized by serious leaf spotting ultimately resulting in ‘shot hole’ symptoms and finally defoliation which affects the yield greatly. In the present investigation five bio-agents viz., Trichoderma viridae, Trichoderma harzianum, Cha...

Wear, 2021

ABSTRACT Hydrophobic materials have the potential to replace the existing surface modification ma... more ABSTRACT Hydrophobic materials have the potential to replace the existing surface modification materials to combat the problem of cavitation erosion (CE), owing to their various capabilities like self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, anti-fogging, anti-icing, anti-fouling, and drag-reduction. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a hydrophobic material exhibits specific combination of properties such as low friction coefficient, chemically neutral, good impact strength and considerable thermal firmness, that allow PTFE to be used in a wide range of applications. Therefore, in this work, an effort has been made to explore the effect of thickness of hydrophobic PTFE coatings on CE of the hydro-machinery SS410 steel. Hydrophobic PTFE coatings with three variable thicknesses have been prepared on the hydro-machinery SS410 steel using sintering process. Using high-velocity submerged water jet cavitation erosion test rig, CE behaviour of PTFE coated and bare SS410 steel was evaluated under various combinations of operating parameters: namely jet velocity, stand-off distance (SOD), and impact angle. Contact angle was reported to be increased with the decrease in the thickness of PTFE layer, which may be due to the increased surface roughness of PTFE layer with decrease in thickness. CE resistance of PTFE coated material with a maximum thickness of 121 μm, was found to be highest for all the combinations of operating parameters, which may be attributed to its lowest fracture toughness and better cushioning effect. Further, it was observed that CE of the coated and SS410 steel was found to be maximum at the chosen maximum velocity, normal impact angle, and intermediate SOD. The signatures of pits with circular and elongated morphology were observed for normal and shallow impact angles, respectively. In case of lowest PTFE layer thickness, overlapped pits with relatively higher depth were observed, which might be responsible for higher CE of the same amongst all the PTFE coatings.

Tribology International, 2021

Abstract For the first time, thrust force, power consumption, flank tool wear using FE-SEM and li... more Abstract For the first time, thrust force, power consumption, flank tool wear using FE-SEM and line scan EDS analysis; hole quality indicators and hole surface analysis using FE-SEM, microhardness and chip morphology for drilling Ti-6Al-4V using cryogenic coolants (LN2 and LCO2) and flood coolant are comprehensively investigated. 146 blind holes are drilled for all three cooling conditions. 72% and 50% lesser tool wear is observed for LCO2 and LN2 respectively, compared to flood machining. Adhesion wear mechanism is found to be the predominant factor leading to higher tool wear during flood machining. The demonstrated superior performance of LCO2 for all the machinability indicators in this research is a significant finding for machining Ti-6Al-4V for the high-value manufacturing industries.

Tribology International, 2021

Abstract Machining of titanium is considered as a challenging process due to its ability to inter... more Abstract Machining of titanium is considered as a challenging process due to its ability to interact with various tool materials when critical cutting temperature is exceeded, resulting in excessive tool wear and poor surface finish, etc. To exhibit an efficient machining process, this research study has experimentally investigated the key quality indicators of machinability, namely surface roughness, cutting temperature, tool wear, in-depth analysis of worn tool and cutting force in the machining process of α-β titanium alloy, which used in critical applications, under three sustainable cooling environments i.e., dry, liquid nitrogen (LN2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The effect of cutting speed and feed rate on such performance measures were examined under a function of cooling strategy as the best substitute in machining. As a result, the feasibility of LN2 cooling has been confirmed to be more significant for the machining of α-β titanium alloy when compared to dry and CO2 machining strategies. To sum up, cryogenic cooling (LN2 cooling) assisted machining of α-β titanium has acquiesced as a sustainable strategy in the context of environmental consciousness.

Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2021

Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) has received huge attention recently by the research commu... more Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) has received huge attention recently by the research community due to feasibility of realization of tailored intricate metallic structures having applications in biomedical, aviation and energy industries. SLM of Ti6Al4 V is found to be one of the most demandable and potential area. Present work is aimed for critical review of noteworthy contributions in terms of SLM process parameters, defects and various post processing techniques considered by various researchers. Proper selection of process parameters can arrest the tendency of defect generation and appropriate post treatment results in improvement in mechanical behavior in comparison with as-built SLMed Ti6Al4 V components. Efforts have been made to identify correlations between SLM parameters, specially scan speed, laser power, hatch spacing and layer thickness, with prominent defects. Different post processing approaches considered by important research studies have been extensively analyzed and their impact on defects and mechanical behavior especially fatigue performance and biocompatibility of SLM-fabricated Ti6Al4 V alloy is revealed. Many remedies have been identified in the form of optimization of process parameters and post processing techniques. The outcomes of work have clearly facilitated in developing a better scientific understanding of SLMed Ti6Al4V alloy and have also opened many dimensions for future investigations.

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Wear, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2012

9551 Background: Humoral immunity has been evaluated in pediatric ALL; data in pediatric AML is l... more 9551 Background: Humoral immunity has been evaluated in pediatric ALL; data in pediatric AML is lacking. The objectives of this study were to assess humoral immunity on follow-up in pediatric AML patients. Methods: From April 2010-May 2011, 45 consecutive AML patients 1-18 years old were prospectively enrolled with 7 healthy controls. Immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in 45 patients and B-lymphocytes (CD19+) in 29 patients were assessed at diagnosis, post-induction, post-consolidation, 3 and 6 months follow-up and relapse. Results: At diagnosis, Ig levels were higher in patients as compared to healthy controls (IgG, p=0.041; IgA, p=0.07; IgM, p=0.16) while B-cells were lower (p=0.001). Patients with gum hypertrophy had low Ig levels (IgG, p=0.007; IgA, p=0.003; IgM, p=0.06). CR rate was 84.4% (38/45); EFS 40% and OS 58% at 20 months follow-up. Post-induction, there was reduction in IgM (p<0.001) and IgA (p=0.048) levels and increase in B cells (p<0.001). Using generalized estimating ...

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

CRC Press eBooks, Jun 13, 2022

Surface and Coatings Technology

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

SS410 is widely used as a hydro-machinery steel and is generally exposed to the slurry erosion co... more SS410 is widely used as a hydro-machinery steel and is generally exposed to the slurry erosion conditions, which decrease its useable-life. In the current investigation, an attempt was made to analyse the effect of slurry erosion on this steel. The slurry erosion testing was done in a slurry erosion test rig, which provides possibility to vary impingement conditions like average particle size, slurry concentration, impingement angle, and velocity of jet. Moreover, some mechanical and metallurgical properties of the steel were also investigated. It was concluded that the slurry erosion rate of the steel increases with increase in the concentration and jet velocity. However, with the increase in average particle size, slurry erosion was found to decrease, which may be due to the lower penetration capacity of higher sand particles. Moreover, slurry erosion, in general, was found to be maximum at a parametric combination of lowest average particle size (150 mm), 60°impingement angle, maximum concentration (45000 ppm), and maximum jet velocity (35 m/sec). Slurry erosion was found to be maximum at an impingement angle of 60°, indicating a mixed mode of erosion (ductile as well as brittle) for the given steel. The mechanisms involved in slurry erosion were found to be crater formation, ploughing, and lip formation followed by its fracture.

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2021

Abstract Erosion due to slurry has an indispensable effect on the lifespan and operating efficien... more Abstract Erosion due to slurry has an indispensable effect on the lifespan and operating efficiency of hydro machine components. To mitigate this effect, laser cladding may prove as a cost-effective choice to improve the surface properties of various hydro machine components. In this research work, a laser cladding of Colmonoy-6 + 50%WC powder on the surface of SS410 steel was deposited using high-power diode laser at optimized levels of operating parameters. The deposited coating was characterized with regard to different mechanical and metallurgical properties. The effect of various factors such as slurry concentration, erodent particle size, impact velocity, and impact angle on slurry erosion behavior of uncoated and laser cladded substrate was analyzed. The Colmonoy-6 + 50%WC cladded specimens exhibited significantly better slurry erosion resistance in comparison with uncoated SS410 steel specimens under all slurry erosion conditions. Impact velocity was observed to be a maximum contributor to slurry erosion, followed by impact angle, average particle size and slurry concentration. The SEM micrographs of eroded cladded surfaces showed signatures of lip formation & fracture sites, micro-cutting, ploughing, and wear marks at a shallow impact angle in Colmonoy-6 pool, however, for normal impact, the existence of cracks in WC particles were observed.

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Abstract The present paper investigates the tool deflection in three dimensions for two different... more Abstract The present paper investigates the tool deflection in three dimensions for two different tool diameters during end milling operation and validates the experimental findings with the finite element results. Cutting forces (i.e., radial cutting force, tangential cutting force, axial cutting force) exerted by the tool on AISI 1045 steel substrate under different combinations of cutting parameters (viz. feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut) were measured using a dynamometer. For more accurate prediction of tool deflection using finite element analysis (FEA), the tool-workpiece contact region was sliced into small segments for the equal distribution of cutting forces. In order to verify the experimentally measured inaccuracy in the cut profile using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) under different sets of parameters, the experimental results were compared with the predicted values of FEA. From the results, it was observed that the cutting forces were comparatively larger in magnitude for the larger tool diameter. Also, the depth of cut was found to be the most influential parameter among all, whereas the effect of feed rate and cutting speed on profile error was found to be insignificant. Further, the results show good agreement between the predicted FEA simulated tool defection and experimental values.

Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 2019

Mechanical components are subjected to wear during their functionality, which decreases the life ... more Mechanical components are subjected to wear during their functionality, which decreases the life of such components. The mechanical strength plays a major role for the same. Different heat treatments had been used to improve the mechanical strength of such components. In this paper, DCT (Deep cryogenic treatment) with post-tempering treatment was conducted on austenitic steel SS316 and its effect on mechanical as well as metallurgical properties was investigated through experimental testing's. For post-tempering, two temperatures were selected (T 1 : 350°C and T 2 : 250°C). It was observed that the DCT samples with post-tempered treatment at T 2 : 250°C possess good tensile strength and hardness. The reason behind the same can be refinement of grains after DCT with tempered at T 2 : 250°C as seen from the microstructural analysis. Further, decrease in toughness was also observed for both the DCT samples. The conversion from austenitic grains to martensitic grains was also observed after DCT. Keywords DCT: deep cryogenic treatment • Tempering • SS316 • Austenitic 7.1 Introduction SS316 is austenitic grade of SS and widely used in many of the mechanical components. These mechanical components may be exposed to different wearing condition during their functionality like slurry erosion, dry abrasion and corrosion as observed by Patil et al. [1] which decreases the life span of such components. Liu et al. [2] have

Several hydro-machinery components such as impellers of submersible pump, draft tubes and turbine... more Several hydro-machinery components such as impellers of submersible pump, draft tubes and turbine blades generally suffer from cavitation erosion (CE) during their operation, and due to this, service life and capability of such parts are reduced. During the design and development of these components, test rigs are usually required to evaluate their performance. In the present research work, keeping in view the economic aspects, out of different test rigs available, it is proposed to use high-velocity submerged water jet cavitation erosion test rig. The test rig was designed with flexibility in cavitation erosion parameters (velocity, angle of attack, stand-off distance, nozzle diameter) and fabricated with an aim to test the cavitation erosion of hydro-machinery steel under different cavitation erosion parameters. Calibration of the test rig was done for jet velocity, stand-off distance (SOD) and angle of attack. The CE rate of steel SS410 was evaluated using the fabricated test rig...

Martensitic grade SS410 is used extensively for manufacturing of turbine blades and other hydro-m... more Martensitic grade SS410 is used extensively for manufacturing of turbine blades and other hydro-machinery components. During working of such components, due to poor mechanical properties of the material, the components lose its functionality and life of such components decreases. In this regard, the improvement in the material properties is essential, to enhance the life of such components. For improving the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the material, deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) can be effectively used. In this research work, DCT followed by tempering at two temperatures 350 and 250 °C has been performed on SS410. The SS410 specimens with and without DCT were tested for tensile strength, toughness, and micro-hardness. It has been observed that DCT followed by post-tempering at 250 °C has shown better results in terms of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and micro-hardness as compared to its counterparts. This may correspond to the conversion of retained austenite to ma...

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2021

The French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the most widely grown grain legume crop around the... more The French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the most widely grown grain legume crop around the world covering an area of about 28 million hectares with an annual production of 20 million tones (FAO 2016). French bean suffers from many diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and abiotic stresses. Among the fungal diseases anthracnose, are the most prevalent ones.Colletotrichum lindemuthianum attack on the bean leaves, causes dark brown necrotic lesions and decrease leaf photosynthesis activity. Yield loss is due to early leaf senescence and plant death, shrunken seed and an increase in the amount of diseased seed that has lesions on its coat. Such beans have a repulsive appearance and are not preferred by consumers. The disease is characterized by serious leaf spotting ultimately resulting in ‘shot hole’ symptoms and finally defoliation which affects the yield greatly. In the present investigation five bio-agents viz., Trichoderma viridae, Trichoderma harzianum, Cha...

Wear, 2021

ABSTRACT Hydrophobic materials have the potential to replace the existing surface modification ma... more ABSTRACT Hydrophobic materials have the potential to replace the existing surface modification materials to combat the problem of cavitation erosion (CE), owing to their various capabilities like self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, anti-fogging, anti-icing, anti-fouling, and drag-reduction. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a hydrophobic material exhibits specific combination of properties such as low friction coefficient, chemically neutral, good impact strength and considerable thermal firmness, that allow PTFE to be used in a wide range of applications. Therefore, in this work, an effort has been made to explore the effect of thickness of hydrophobic PTFE coatings on CE of the hydro-machinery SS410 steel. Hydrophobic PTFE coatings with three variable thicknesses have been prepared on the hydro-machinery SS410 steel using sintering process. Using high-velocity submerged water jet cavitation erosion test rig, CE behaviour of PTFE coated and bare SS410 steel was evaluated under various combinations of operating parameters: namely jet velocity, stand-off distance (SOD), and impact angle. Contact angle was reported to be increased with the decrease in the thickness of PTFE layer, which may be due to the increased surface roughness of PTFE layer with decrease in thickness. CE resistance of PTFE coated material with a maximum thickness of 121 μm, was found to be highest for all the combinations of operating parameters, which may be attributed to its lowest fracture toughness and better cushioning effect. Further, it was observed that CE of the coated and SS410 steel was found to be maximum at the chosen maximum velocity, normal impact angle, and intermediate SOD. The signatures of pits with circular and elongated morphology were observed for normal and shallow impact angles, respectively. In case of lowest PTFE layer thickness, overlapped pits with relatively higher depth were observed, which might be responsible for higher CE of the same amongst all the PTFE coatings.

Tribology International, 2021

Abstract For the first time, thrust force, power consumption, flank tool wear using FE-SEM and li... more Abstract For the first time, thrust force, power consumption, flank tool wear using FE-SEM and line scan EDS analysis; hole quality indicators and hole surface analysis using FE-SEM, microhardness and chip morphology for drilling Ti-6Al-4V using cryogenic coolants (LN2 and LCO2) and flood coolant are comprehensively investigated. 146 blind holes are drilled for all three cooling conditions. 72% and 50% lesser tool wear is observed for LCO2 and LN2 respectively, compared to flood machining. Adhesion wear mechanism is found to be the predominant factor leading to higher tool wear during flood machining. The demonstrated superior performance of LCO2 for all the machinability indicators in this research is a significant finding for machining Ti-6Al-4V for the high-value manufacturing industries.

Tribology International, 2021

Abstract Machining of titanium is considered as a challenging process due to its ability to inter... more Abstract Machining of titanium is considered as a challenging process due to its ability to interact with various tool materials when critical cutting temperature is exceeded, resulting in excessive tool wear and poor surface finish, etc. To exhibit an efficient machining process, this research study has experimentally investigated the key quality indicators of machinability, namely surface roughness, cutting temperature, tool wear, in-depth analysis of worn tool and cutting force in the machining process of α-β titanium alloy, which used in critical applications, under three sustainable cooling environments i.e., dry, liquid nitrogen (LN2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). The effect of cutting speed and feed rate on such performance measures were examined under a function of cooling strategy as the best substitute in machining. As a result, the feasibility of LN2 cooling has been confirmed to be more significant for the machining of α-β titanium alloy when compared to dry and CO2 machining strategies. To sum up, cryogenic cooling (LN2 cooling) assisted machining of α-β titanium has acquiesced as a sustainable strategy in the context of environmental consciousness.

Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2021

Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) has received huge attention recently by the research commu... more Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) has received huge attention recently by the research community due to feasibility of realization of tailored intricate metallic structures having applications in biomedical, aviation and energy industries. SLM of Ti6Al4 V is found to be one of the most demandable and potential area. Present work is aimed for critical review of noteworthy contributions in terms of SLM process parameters, defects and various post processing techniques considered by various researchers. Proper selection of process parameters can arrest the tendency of defect generation and appropriate post treatment results in improvement in mechanical behavior in comparison with as-built SLMed Ti6Al4 V components. Efforts have been made to identify correlations between SLM parameters, specially scan speed, laser power, hatch spacing and layer thickness, with prominent defects. Different post processing approaches considered by important research studies have been extensively analyzed and their impact on defects and mechanical behavior especially fatigue performance and biocompatibility of SLM-fabricated Ti6Al4 V alloy is revealed. Many remedies have been identified in the form of optimization of process parameters and post processing techniques. The outcomes of work have clearly facilitated in developing a better scientific understanding of SLMed Ti6Al4V alloy and have also opened many dimensions for future investigations.

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Wear, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2012

9551 Background: Humoral immunity has been evaluated in pediatric ALL; data in pediatric AML is l... more 9551 Background: Humoral immunity has been evaluated in pediatric ALL; data in pediatric AML is lacking. The objectives of this study were to assess humoral immunity on follow-up in pediatric AML patients. Methods: From April 2010-May 2011, 45 consecutive AML patients 1-18 years old were prospectively enrolled with 7 healthy controls. Immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in 45 patients and B-lymphocytes (CD19+) in 29 patients were assessed at diagnosis, post-induction, post-consolidation, 3 and 6 months follow-up and relapse. Results: At diagnosis, Ig levels were higher in patients as compared to healthy controls (IgG, p=0.041; IgA, p=0.07; IgM, p=0.16) while B-cells were lower (p=0.001). Patients with gum hypertrophy had low Ig levels (IgG, p=0.007; IgA, p=0.003; IgM, p=0.06). CR rate was 84.4% (38/45); EFS 40% and OS 58% at 20 months follow-up. Post-induction, there was reduction in IgM (p<0.001) and IgA (p=0.048) levels and increase in B cells (p<0.001). Using generalized estimating ...