Anwar Gilani - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Anwar Gilani

Research paper thumbnail of Antidiarrheal and Antispasmodic Activities of Buddleja polystachya are Mediated Through Dual Inhibition of Ca ++ Influx and Phosphodiesterase Enzyme

Phytotherapy Research, 2015

This study describes the antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities of the hydro-alcoholic extrac... more This study describes the antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Buddleja polystachya (Bp.Cr) with possible mode of action explored along with activity-directed fractionation. Bp.Cr and its aqueous (Bp.Aq) and organic fractions, petroleum ether (Bp.Pet), dichloromethane (Bp.DCM), ethylacetate (Bp.EtAc) and butanol (Bp.But), were tested using the in-vivo and in-vitro assays. The crude extract (100-300 mg/kg) showed 20 and 60% protection of castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. In isolated rabbit jejunum, Bp.Cr like papaverine inhibited spontaneous and high K(+) (80 mM)-induced contractions equi-potently. In guinea-pig ileum, Bp.Cr showed a moderate spasmogenic effect. The activity-directed fractionation revealed that the spasmolytic activity was concentrated in the organic fractions and spasmogenic component in the aqueous fraction. Amongst the organic fractions, BP.DCM and Bp.Pet inhibited spontaneous and high K(+) -induced contractions equi-potently, while Bp.But, like verapamil was more potent against high K(+) . The crude extract and its organic fractions caused rightward shift in the Ca(++) -concentration response curves (CRCs), similar to verapamil, and all except Bp.But potentiated the isoprenaline-inhibitory CRCs to the left, similar to papaverine. The results of this study indicate that the crude extract of B. polystachya possesses antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities, mediated possibly through dual inhibition of Ca(++) influx and phospodiesterase enzyme.

Research paper thumbnail of Cardiovascular actions ofDaucus carota

Archives of Pharmacal Research, 1994

... Page 3. 152 AH Gilani, F. Shaheen and SA Saeed ... Pharmacological Rev., 38, 321-416 (1984). ... more ... Page 3. 152 AH Gilani, F. Shaheen and SA Saeed ... Pharmacological Rev., 38, 321-416 (1984). Hoffman, BB and Lefkowitz, RJ, Catecholamines and sympathomimetic drugs, In: AD Gilman, L. S. Goodman, TW Rail and F. Murad (Eds.). ...

Research paper thumbnail of The calcium channel blocking and phosphodiesterase inhibitory activities of the extract of Andropogon muricatus explains its medicinal use in airways disorders

Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2012

The present work was carried out to provide a pharmacological base for the medicinal use of Andro... more The present work was carried out to provide a pharmacological base for the medicinal use of Andropogon muricatus in airways disorders, such as asthma. In isolated guinea-pig tracheal strips, the crude extract of Andropogon muricatus exhibited a non-specific relaxant effect against carbachol (1 µM) and high K⁺ precontractions, with EC₅₀ values of 0.10 (0.07-0.11) and 0.15 mg/mL (0.11-0.18), respectively, similar to papaverine, while verapamil was more potent against high K⁺. This suggests the involvement of a non-specific relaxant effect, mediated possibly through Ca⁺⁺ channel blockade and phosphodiesterase inhibition. The functional nature of the relaxant effect was further confirmed through indirect evidence when pretreatment of the tissues with the plant extract caused potentiation of the isoprenaline inhibitory response curves, similar to papaverine, while the effect of verapamil remained unchanged. These data indicate that the crude extract of Andropogon muricatus contains const...

Research paper thumbnail of Gut modulatory, blood pressure lowering, diuretic and sedative activities of cardamom

Journal of ethnopharmacology, Jan 12, 2008

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) is traditionally used in various gastrointestinal, cardiovascular... more Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) is traditionally used in various gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and neuronal disorders. To rationalize cardamom use in constipation, colic, diarrhea, hypertension and as diuretic. Cardamom crude extract (Ec.Cr) was studied using in vitro and in vivo techniques. Ec.Cr caused atropine-sensitive stimulatory effect in isolated guinea-pig ileum at 3-10mg/ml. In rabbit jejunum preparations, Ec.Cr relaxed spontaneous and K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions as well as shifted Ca++ curves to right, like verapamil. Ec.Cr (3-100mg/kg) induced fall in the arterial blood pressure (BP) of anaesthetized rats, partially blocked in atropinized animals. In endothelium-intact rat aorta, Ec.Cr relaxed phenylephrine (1 microM)-induced contractions, partially antagonized by atropine and also inhibited K+ (80 mM) contractions. In guinea-pig atria, Ec.Cr exhibited a cardio-depressant effect. Ec.Cr (1-10mg/kg) produced diuresis in rats, accompanied by a saluretic effect. It enh...

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacological basis for the use of Borago officinalis in gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders

Research paper thumbnail of Trends in ethnopharmacology

Research paper thumbnail of Muscarinic, Ca++ antagonist and specific butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of dried ginger extract might explain its use in dementia

Research paper thumbnail of Hypotensive action of coumarin glycosides from Daucus carota

Research paper thumbnail of Preventive and curative effects of Artemisia absinthium on acetaminophen and CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity

General Pharmacology: The Vascular System, 1995

Research paper thumbnail of PIH2 Lead Detoxifying Effect of Vitamin C in Traffic Police Subjects

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacological basis for the use of turmeric in gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders

Research paper thumbnail of Antispasmodic, bronchodilator and blood pressure lowering properties of Hypericum oblongifolium – possible mechanism of action

Phytotherapy Research, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Antidiarrhoeal and bronchodilatory potential of Valeriana wallichii

Natural Product Research, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Chemical analysis and calcium channel blocking activity of the essential oil of Perovskia abrotanoides

Natural product communications, 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and provide a pharmacological b... more The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and provide a pharmacological base for the medicinal use of the essential oil of Perovskia abrotanoides (Pa.Oil) in gastrointestinal disorders, such as colic. The chemical investigation resulted in the identification of 26 compounds, of which tricyclene, beta-trans-ocimene, terpinene-4-acetate, terpinen-4-ol, caran-3beta-ol, linalyl acetate, beta-caryophyllene oxide and alpha-elemene had not previously been reported from P. abrotanoides. Major constituents were 1,8-cineol and delta-3-carene, which constituting 50% of the oil. In the isolated rabbit jejunum preparation Pa.Oil caused inhibition of spontaneous and high K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions, with respective EC50 values of 0.13 (0.08-0.20; n = 4) and 0.90 mg/mL (0.50-1.60; n = 5), thus showing that spasmolytic activity is mediated possibly through calcium channel blockade (CCB). The CCB activity was confirmed when pre-treatment of the tissue with Pa.Oil (0.03-0....

Research paper thumbnail of Critical evaluation of the claims made by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotional material in Pakistan

Background. In Pakistan, there is no mechanism to monitor the drug promotional campaign by pharma... more Background. In Pakistan, there is no mechanism to monitor the drug promotional campaign by pharmaceutical industry despite the fact that there is enough evidence that irrational pharmacotherapy is increasingly encountered even in the developed countries due to unethical practices of pharmaceutical promotion. Objectives. To audit the drug promotional claims made by the pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan. Methods. Drug promotional pamphlets

Research paper thumbnail of Cardiovascular effects of ginger aqueous extract and its phenolic constituents are mediated through multiple pathways

Vascular Pharmacology, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Antihypertensive, antioxidant, antidyslipidemic and endothelial modulating activities of a polyherbal formulation (POL-10)

Vascular Pharmacology, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Vasorelaxant Effects of Ethyl Cinnamate Isolated from Kaempferia galanga on Smooth Muscles of the Rat Aorta

Planta Medica, 2002

From the rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga, ethyl cinnamate (EC) was isolated and its vasorelaxant e... more From the rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga, ethyl cinnamate (EC) was isolated and its vasorelaxant effect was examined on the rat aorta. EC inhibited the tonic contractions induced by high K+ and phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner, with respective IC50 values of 0.30 +/- 0.05 mM and 0.38 +/- 0.04 mM. The relaxant effect against PE-induced contractions was greater in the presence of endothelium. Pre-treatment of the aorta with methylene blue and indomethacin significantly reduced the relaxant effect. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of EC may involve inhibition of Ca2+ influx into vascular cells and release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin from the endothelial cells. Thus, the vasorelaxant effect of EC mediated through multiple pathways may explain the traditional use of the parent plant in treating hypertension.

Research paper thumbnail of Presence of Antispasmodic, Antidiarrheal, Antisecretory, Calcium Antagonist and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Steroidal Alkaloids in Sarcococca saligna

Research paper thumbnail of A New Anticholinergic Steroidal Alkaloid from Fritillaria imperialis of Turkish Origin

Planta Medica, 1994

1. Planta Med. 1994 Aug;60(4):377-9. A new anticholinergic steroidal alkaloid from Fritillaria im... more 1. Planta Med. 1994 Aug;60(4):377-9. A new anticholinergic steroidal alkaloid from Fritillaria imperialis of Turkish origin. Atta-ur-Rahman, Farooq A, Choudhary MI, Gilani AH, Shaheen F, Ali RA, Noor-e-ain F, Sener B. PMID: 7938275 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Antidiarrheal and Antispasmodic Activities of Buddleja polystachya are Mediated Through Dual Inhibition of Ca ++ Influx and Phosphodiesterase Enzyme

Phytotherapy Research, 2015

This study describes the antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities of the hydro-alcoholic extrac... more This study describes the antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Buddleja polystachya (Bp.Cr) with possible mode of action explored along with activity-directed fractionation. Bp.Cr and its aqueous (Bp.Aq) and organic fractions, petroleum ether (Bp.Pet), dichloromethane (Bp.DCM), ethylacetate (Bp.EtAc) and butanol (Bp.But), were tested using the in-vivo and in-vitro assays. The crude extract (100-300 mg/kg) showed 20 and 60% protection of castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. In isolated rabbit jejunum, Bp.Cr like papaverine inhibited spontaneous and high K(+) (80 mM)-induced contractions equi-potently. In guinea-pig ileum, Bp.Cr showed a moderate spasmogenic effect. The activity-directed fractionation revealed that the spasmolytic activity was concentrated in the organic fractions and spasmogenic component in the aqueous fraction. Amongst the organic fractions, BP.DCM and Bp.Pet inhibited spontaneous and high K(+) -induced contractions equi-potently, while Bp.But, like verapamil was more potent against high K(+) . The crude extract and its organic fractions caused rightward shift in the Ca(++) -concentration response curves (CRCs), similar to verapamil, and all except Bp.But potentiated the isoprenaline-inhibitory CRCs to the left, similar to papaverine. The results of this study indicate that the crude extract of B. polystachya possesses antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities, mediated possibly through dual inhibition of Ca(++) influx and phospodiesterase enzyme.

Research paper thumbnail of Cardiovascular actions ofDaucus carota

Archives of Pharmacal Research, 1994

... Page 3. 152 AH Gilani, F. Shaheen and SA Saeed ... Pharmacological Rev., 38, 321-416 (1984). ... more ... Page 3. 152 AH Gilani, F. Shaheen and SA Saeed ... Pharmacological Rev., 38, 321-416 (1984). Hoffman, BB and Lefkowitz, RJ, Catecholamines and sympathomimetic drugs, In: AD Gilman, L. S. Goodman, TW Rail and F. Murad (Eds.). ...

Research paper thumbnail of The calcium channel blocking and phosphodiesterase inhibitory activities of the extract of Andropogon muricatus explains its medicinal use in airways disorders

Phytotherapy research : PTR, 2012

The present work was carried out to provide a pharmacological base for the medicinal use of Andro... more The present work was carried out to provide a pharmacological base for the medicinal use of Andropogon muricatus in airways disorders, such as asthma. In isolated guinea-pig tracheal strips, the crude extract of Andropogon muricatus exhibited a non-specific relaxant effect against carbachol (1 µM) and high K⁺ precontractions, with EC₅₀ values of 0.10 (0.07-0.11) and 0.15 mg/mL (0.11-0.18), respectively, similar to papaverine, while verapamil was more potent against high K⁺. This suggests the involvement of a non-specific relaxant effect, mediated possibly through Ca⁺⁺ channel blockade and phosphodiesterase inhibition. The functional nature of the relaxant effect was further confirmed through indirect evidence when pretreatment of the tissues with the plant extract caused potentiation of the isoprenaline inhibitory response curves, similar to papaverine, while the effect of verapamil remained unchanged. These data indicate that the crude extract of Andropogon muricatus contains const...

Research paper thumbnail of Gut modulatory, blood pressure lowering, diuretic and sedative activities of cardamom

Journal of ethnopharmacology, Jan 12, 2008

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) is traditionally used in various gastrointestinal, cardiovascular... more Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) is traditionally used in various gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and neuronal disorders. To rationalize cardamom use in constipation, colic, diarrhea, hypertension and as diuretic. Cardamom crude extract (Ec.Cr) was studied using in vitro and in vivo techniques. Ec.Cr caused atropine-sensitive stimulatory effect in isolated guinea-pig ileum at 3-10mg/ml. In rabbit jejunum preparations, Ec.Cr relaxed spontaneous and K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions as well as shifted Ca++ curves to right, like verapamil. Ec.Cr (3-100mg/kg) induced fall in the arterial blood pressure (BP) of anaesthetized rats, partially blocked in atropinized animals. In endothelium-intact rat aorta, Ec.Cr relaxed phenylephrine (1 microM)-induced contractions, partially antagonized by atropine and also inhibited K+ (80 mM) contractions. In guinea-pig atria, Ec.Cr exhibited a cardio-depressant effect. Ec.Cr (1-10mg/kg) produced diuresis in rats, accompanied by a saluretic effect. It enh...

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacological basis for the use of Borago officinalis in gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders

Research paper thumbnail of Trends in ethnopharmacology

Research paper thumbnail of Muscarinic, Ca++ antagonist and specific butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of dried ginger extract might explain its use in dementia

Research paper thumbnail of Hypotensive action of coumarin glycosides from Daucus carota

Research paper thumbnail of Preventive and curative effects of Artemisia absinthium on acetaminophen and CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity

General Pharmacology: The Vascular System, 1995

Research paper thumbnail of PIH2 Lead Detoxifying Effect of Vitamin C in Traffic Police Subjects

Research paper thumbnail of Pharmacological basis for the use of turmeric in gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders

Research paper thumbnail of Antispasmodic, bronchodilator and blood pressure lowering properties of Hypericum oblongifolium – possible mechanism of action

Phytotherapy Research, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Antidiarrhoeal and bronchodilatory potential of Valeriana wallichii

Natural Product Research, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Chemical analysis and calcium channel blocking activity of the essential oil of Perovskia abrotanoides

Natural product communications, 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and provide a pharmacological b... more The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and provide a pharmacological base for the medicinal use of the essential oil of Perovskia abrotanoides (Pa.Oil) in gastrointestinal disorders, such as colic. The chemical investigation resulted in the identification of 26 compounds, of which tricyclene, beta-trans-ocimene, terpinene-4-acetate, terpinen-4-ol, caran-3beta-ol, linalyl acetate, beta-caryophyllene oxide and alpha-elemene had not previously been reported from P. abrotanoides. Major constituents were 1,8-cineol and delta-3-carene, which constituting 50% of the oil. In the isolated rabbit jejunum preparation Pa.Oil caused inhibition of spontaneous and high K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions, with respective EC50 values of 0.13 (0.08-0.20; n = 4) and 0.90 mg/mL (0.50-1.60; n = 5), thus showing that spasmolytic activity is mediated possibly through calcium channel blockade (CCB). The CCB activity was confirmed when pre-treatment of the tissue with Pa.Oil (0.03-0....

Research paper thumbnail of Critical evaluation of the claims made by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotional material in Pakistan

Background. In Pakistan, there is no mechanism to monitor the drug promotional campaign by pharma... more Background. In Pakistan, there is no mechanism to monitor the drug promotional campaign by pharmaceutical industry despite the fact that there is enough evidence that irrational pharmacotherapy is increasingly encountered even in the developed countries due to unethical practices of pharmaceutical promotion. Objectives. To audit the drug promotional claims made by the pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan. Methods. Drug promotional pamphlets

Research paper thumbnail of Cardiovascular effects of ginger aqueous extract and its phenolic constituents are mediated through multiple pathways

Vascular Pharmacology, 2005

Research paper thumbnail of Antihypertensive, antioxidant, antidyslipidemic and endothelial modulating activities of a polyherbal formulation (POL-10)

Vascular Pharmacology, 2009

Research paper thumbnail of Vasorelaxant Effects of Ethyl Cinnamate Isolated from Kaempferia galanga on Smooth Muscles of the Rat Aorta

Planta Medica, 2002

From the rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga, ethyl cinnamate (EC) was isolated and its vasorelaxant e... more From the rhizomes of Kaempferia galanga, ethyl cinnamate (EC) was isolated and its vasorelaxant effect was examined on the rat aorta. EC inhibited the tonic contractions induced by high K+ and phenylephrine (PE) in a concentration-dependent manner, with respective IC50 values of 0.30 +/- 0.05 mM and 0.38 +/- 0.04 mM. The relaxant effect against PE-induced contractions was greater in the presence of endothelium. Pre-treatment of the aorta with methylene blue and indomethacin significantly reduced the relaxant effect. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of EC may involve inhibition of Ca2+ influx into vascular cells and release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin from the endothelial cells. Thus, the vasorelaxant effect of EC mediated through multiple pathways may explain the traditional use of the parent plant in treating hypertension.

Research paper thumbnail of Presence of Antispasmodic, Antidiarrheal, Antisecretory, Calcium Antagonist and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Steroidal Alkaloids in Sarcococca saligna

Research paper thumbnail of A New Anticholinergic Steroidal Alkaloid from Fritillaria imperialis of Turkish Origin

Planta Medica, 1994

1. Planta Med. 1994 Aug;60(4):377-9. A new anticholinergic steroidal alkaloid from Fritillaria im... more 1. Planta Med. 1994 Aug;60(4):377-9. A new anticholinergic steroidal alkaloid from Fritillaria imperialis of Turkish origin. Atta-ur-Rahman, Farooq A, Choudhary MI, Gilani AH, Shaheen F, Ali RA, Noor-e-ain F, Sener B. PMID: 7938275 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. ...