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Papers by Applied Engineering Letters

Applied engineering letters, 2022

At present, a strategically important task of technological independence of Russian industries is... more At present, a strategically important task of technological independence of Russian industries is restoration of worn-out parts of machines and equipment by plasma methods based on the use of coatings of different functional purpose. The purpose of this study is to solve the actual problem of choosing the rational modes of plasma coating in the process of restoration of worn parts, subjected to intensive wear in the operation process. To solve this problem, the experimental studies of the elasticity characteristics in the plasma-deposited coatings were carried out. The study results allowed determining the most optimal range of rational modes of plasma coating deposition in terms of obtaining high elastic properties of plasma coatings as the key stage of resource-saving technology for restoration of worn parts of machinery and equipment.

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applied engineering letters, 2022

Planetary gear trains have been applied for a long time in the automotive industry as an irreplac... more Planetary gear trains have been applied for a long time in the automotive industry as an irreplaceable part of automatic gearboxes. This paper presents, based on existing research, the kinematic analysis and evaluation of Ravigneaux gear trains, effects of power flow analysis and power loss, evaluation of utility effects of energy utilization through analysis of efficiency. It also illustrates research topics that analyse technical challenges of understanding and predicting dynamics and vibrations of planetary gear trains in the process of design of their configuration, optimization of given gear trains in reference to set criteria and affirmation of validity of their constructions by prototyping and prototype testing on the test stand.

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Applied engineering letters, 2020

The article focuses on determining the impact of using different types of gasoline on selected ve... more The article focuses on determining the impact of using different types of gasoline on selected vehicle properties. To perform the measurements, there were six types of gasoline chosen from different gas stations and they differed in price, octane rating, and in an amount of additives and biocomponents. The immediate effect of petrol on engine performance and torque, exhaust gas composition and fuel purchase costs was examined. The results have shown a relatively low impact of gasoline on a vehicle's dynamic properties. The most visible change was measured when comparing the most expensive fuel to the cheapest one. There was an increase in the engine torque from 156 Nm to 160 Nm measured. Such a difference is lower than the deviation of measuring. The differences measured in the composition of the exhaust gases are low. However, there is a significant impact in choice of gasoline on the costs of fuel purchase.

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Applied Engineering letters, 2020

In this paper the industrial automation of the production process, which is based on the fusion o... more In this paper the industrial automation of the production process, which is based on the fusion of a CNC machine and an industrial robot, is described. The functional structure of the flexible production cell, its configuration, programming methods and applications in industry are explained in detail. Based on the application of artificial intelligence, an example of making a machine part with the use of machines and software of the latest generation is given. Using this approach it is achieved significant shortening of production time, increased productivity and almost total elimination of scrap. Special attention is given to the current fourth industrial revolution and the application of the CAD / CAM / CNC concept in the future.

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Applied Engineering letters, 2020

Unidirectional composites of polypropylene (PP), reinforced with abaca fiber was fabricated by co... more Unidirectional composites of polypropylene (PP), reinforced with abaca fiber was fabricated by compression molding with and without the presence of stearic acid (SA) as a coupling agent. Raw abaca fiber was utilized and four levels of filler loading (10, 20, 30 and 40 wt%) were used during composite manufacturing. Mechanical tests (tensile, bending and impact properties) of the resultant composites were conducted. Based on fiber loading, 30% fiber-reinforced composites had the optimum set of mechanical properties. Optimized abaca fiber was chemically treated with SA to increase its compatibility with the polymer matrix. SA treated abaca fiber-reinforced composites yielded better mechanical properties compared to the raw composites. In order to know more about the fiber-matrix adhesion, scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the tensile fractured samples showed improved adhesion between abaca and PP matrix upon treatment with SA. Water uptake and simulating weathering test of the composites were also investigated.

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Applied engineering letters, 2020

Finite element method (FEM) has proved to be very successful in solving complex problems in engin... more Finite element method (FEM) has proved to be very successful in solving complex problems in engineering. In medicine, FEM found a special application in simulation of real problems and their solution while eliminating the need of learning from examples. In this paper, FEM was used with viscous fluid dynamics to simulate the function of left heart ventricle. Theoretical fundamentals of FEM and heart function were given. The paper represents illustrative example for educational purposes.

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Applied Engineering Letters, 2020

This paper presents an analysis and the test results of certain physical properties of the rock m... more This paper presents an analysis and the test results of certain physical properties of the rock materials excavated from quarries in Serbia. The four rock aggregates, considered in this analysis, are used for building the driveway constructions' layers on roads, streets, airports and base layers on railways. To that purpose, both the general and specific technical properties (petrographic, physical, mechanical and technological) of those rocks must be known to users. The four rocks, whose physical properties are analyzed, are the most important types of the building stones: limestone, dolomite marble, calcite-dolomite marble and andesite. Their physical properties tested included volumetric mass, specific mass (density), porosity and water absorption. The service life, reparation jobs and maintenance procedures of the construction machinery parts, which come into direct contact with building materials like rocks and stones, strongly depend on those stones' properties. The four tested rock materials belong into a group of the massive rocks with various porosities and tendency to absorb water.

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Applied Engineering Letters, 2020

Serbia, as a developing country and EU accession country, faces many challenges. One of the key a... more Serbia, as a developing country and EU accession country, faces many challenges. One of the key areas identified as the most complicated problem in the negotiation process is the issues of environmental protection and improvement, including the energy sector. Since population in Serbia is concerned because of poor living standards, high unemployment rate, and other social issues it could be questioned what is their concern and awareness about climate change since it is a realistic and visible phenomenon that is hard for someone to ignore and neglect. This paper presents some of the results of a survey conducted among adults in rural and urban parts of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina on their perception, awareness, and knowledge about climate change issues. The research/survey also examined the specific actions that respondents would take as a personal contribution to mitigating the effects of climate problems. The results indicate that respondents have a high awareness of climate change, but the knowledge on climate change is relatively low even though the respondents graduated from faculty (about 52%).

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Applied Engineering Letters, 2020

The model of e-commerce web store is developed and analyzed from supply chain management view of ... more The model of e-commerce web store is developed and analyzed from supply chain management view of point. Main focus of this scientific paper is highlighted on fuzzy approach to crucial data about products, stored in the database of e-commerce web shop. For unit price of the product, and the probability of buying product of certain dimensions, it is calculated the fuzzy mean of the expected prize and the variance. The SWARA method is implemented and relative weight criteria is calculated in order to optimize supply chain management.

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Applied Engineering Letters, 2020

The paper presents the results of testing gearboxes in coal open pit mine which have been damaged... more The paper presents the results of testing gearboxes in coal open pit mine which have been damaged by various mechanisms. Gearboxes, as constituents of belt conveyors, bucket-wheel excavators and bucket chain excavators and spreaders, are the most loaded segments of drive units the functionality of which affects the operation of complete coal and overburden systems. Therefore, special attention has to be paid to their condition so that the analysis of relevant condition indicators could lead to correct conclusions as to their functionality, as well as point to the factors causing their fault. Tests were carried out on 95 gearboxes throughout 2017, during general repairs at Drmno mine workshop. After examination, all identified failures were illustrated with an appropriate photo, classified according to the appropriate standard, and described in the form of manifestation and cause. The research has shown that the most dominant were faults of bearings and lubrication, whether seals and cuffs or a thin hermetic layer between the housing and covers. In addition, some of the faults happened on gears and toothed and stepped shafts. Major irregularities in operation, resulting from damage to gearbox elements, are show by fault tree analysis (FTA).

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Applied Engineering Letters, 2020

In active vibration control of the smart structures, the dynamic characteristics directly affect ... more In active vibration control of the smart structures, the dynamic characteristics directly affect the damping performance; also, the actuators are the important element for the vibration reduction. Therefore, the optimal placement of the actuators/sensors on the structure is the key parameter to enhance the control performance. Within this scope, in this study, the possible optimal placement of piezoelectric actuators/sensors on the cantilever smart plate structure is presented by using mode superposition method. The simple plate and the smart plate are investigated with respect to compare each other according to the modal parameters such as mode shape and natural frequency. The numerical studies based on the finite element analysis are conducted in ANSYS Workbench software. As a result of the study, it is seen that the strain intensity calculations obtained after the mode combination can be used in the layout of piezoelectric actuators. Thus, a fast and practical solution for preparing the basis of optimal actuators/sensors placement is presented.

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Applied Engineering Letters, 2020

In truss structural optimization the most frequently optimized factor of a structure is its weigh... more In truss structural optimization the most frequently optimized factor of a structure is its weight. The minimization of weight contributes not only to savings in material, but also in other aspects of the structure such as number of elements used, number of welds needed, outer surface area, etc. This research aims to show the difference in optimal solutions for four different topological cases of a typical trapezoidal roof truss looking at their effects on overall outer surface area. The truss layouts are optimized for sizing, and a combination of sizing and shape with a minimal weight objective function. In order to ensure the most practically applicable solutions the example optimized in this paper uses dynamic constraints for buckling, stress constraints, and nodal displacement constraints. The overall outer surface area for all cases is compared, as surface protection accounts for a substantial part of the total cost of roof truss construction. Optimal solutions show a lack of correlation between weight and surface area, which is discussed in the conclusion.

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Applied engineering letters, 2020

Annual energy consumption in Kragujevac elementary schools is 1.909 MWh of electric energy and 12... more Annual energy consumption in Kragujevac elementary schools is 1.909 MWh of electric energy and 12.510 MWh of heat energy, while the total CO2 emission is 6.406 t. This paper provides an overview of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in 61 elementary school buildings, divided in 12 groups. The goal of this paper is to determine which group of school facilities, depending on the year of construction and area, consumes the most energy and produces the most CO2 emissions. It has been shown that most electrical (36,33%) and heat (41,42%) energy are consumed in the school buildings constructed in the period 1971-1990. Most CO2 emissions (40,39%) come from energy consumed in the school buildings constructed in the same period. It is this group of buildings that represents a significant potential for energy savings and reduction of CO2 emissions, through the implementation of various energy efficiency measures.

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applied engineering letters, 2020

This paper reports on the research results of surface integrity of the workpiece in creep-feed gr... more This paper reports on the research results of surface integrity of the workpiece in creep-feed grinding on the high speed tool steel. The creep-feed grinding is an advanced abrasive process widely used in industry of complex and heavy engineering products. An experimental investigation of the fundamental characteristics of surface metallurgy and surface roughness is carried out. The metallurgical properties were determined by an optical microscope, and through: microstructure, microhardness, cracks and burns. The surface roughness was determined with multiple important roughness parameters through scanning the surface topography (roughness average, mean roughness depth, maximum roughness depth and profile bearing length ratio). The results show that the grinding surface integrity is acceptable with good material removal rate, so that the creep-feed grinding process is an excellent choice for efficient and quality material removal. However, creep-feed grinding is not suitable for the final machining because of the possible metallurgical alterations due to high thermal load.

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applied engineering letters, 2020

Data analysis is divided into two categories i.e. classification and prediction. These two catego... more Data analysis is divided into two categories i.e. classification and prediction. These two categories can be used for extraction of models from the dataset and further determine future data trends or important set of classes available in the dataset. The aim of the present work is to determine location of the fracture failure in dissimilar friction stir welded joint by using various machine learning classification models such as Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, Naïve Bayes and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). It is observed that out of these classification algorithms, Artificial Neural Network results have the best accuracy score of 0.95.

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applied engineering letters, 2020

The article focuses on detection of fuel consumption in cars with the spark-ignition engine aimin... more The article focuses on detection of fuel consumption in cars with the spark-ignition engine aiming to determine the most accurate way of daily-use fuel consumption through evaluation finding. To achieve relevant outcomes, different routes underwent experiments in multiple consumption modes. In particular, these encompass four circuits varying in length, speed limit, intersection number with significant waiting time and the route ratio city/highway. Each segment saw three measurings in terms of different consumption forms-standard, economical and dynamic. Apart from that, fuel consumption detection also takes into cosideration possible deviations from consumed fuel when automatically switching off the fuel pump pistol. Three methods contributed to achieving the findings; i.e. quantification method, the technique of data subtraction from the on-board computer (On-Board Unit) and method of amassing data from a phone application. Ultimately, compiled tables and detailed diagrams show outcomes demonstrating the most convenient way and approach of measuring fuel consumption for daily-users. ARTICLE HISTORY

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applied engineering letters, 2020

Research results of influence of the UIT (Ultrasonic Impact Treatment) on welded joints, executed... more Research results of influence of the UIT (Ultrasonic Impact Treatment) on welded joints, executed on the Strenx 700MC steel, are presented in this paper. The fatigue tests of those joints were performed by rotating bending in the region of the high number of loading cycles (10 5 to 10 7) with parameters: frequency 35 Hz, cycles asymmetry factor-1, at the ambient temperature 20 ± 2 °C. The fatigue safety coefficient was calculated before the UIT (in the original state) and after the UIT, according to four methods. An increase was recorded for the latter state: for the Goodman method of 10.45 %, for the Gerber method of 10.21 %, for the ASME method of 5.96 % and for the Soderberg method of 7.40%.

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Applied engineering letters, 2020

Separation theory describing the motions of palm kernel and shell on rotating incline was analyse... more Separation theory describing the motions of palm kernel and shell on rotating incline was analysed. Two series of differential equations, in order to obtain the dispatch angles of kernel and shell for the separation process were developed respectively. The differences in the motions and physical features of the particles formed the premise for separation. The results obtained from the theory showed a possibility of product separation within the approximate ranges of dispatch angles between 25 and 90 0 for kernels and shells on rotating incline, with specified slide limit, angular velocity and radius of the incline, and comparisons were made between the theoretical and experimental results. The dispatch angles obtained from both theory and experiment reasonably showed significant agreement and therefore suggested validity of the developed theory.

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Applied engineering letters, 2020

The simple geometry configuration of T-junctions and their capability to act as partial phase sep... more The simple geometry configuration of T-junctions and their capability to act as partial phase separators, especially on offshore platforms, made them common pipeline system components in power and process industries. Moreover, in the pursuit of achieving better phase separation by controlling the maldistribution occurred in the component phases of a mixture at the junction, industries often utilise reduced T-junctions. Nevertheless, most of the published data in which industries was based on to adopt the previous configuration was relating on fully horizontal T-junctions with large main pipe diameters although T-junctions are rarely placed in a horizontal position in such industries, whilst the usage of small main pipe diameters could also lead to scaling down their size. In this regard, the present paper aimed to extend the available data by performing numerical analysis and studying both regular and reduced T-junctions with a small main pipe diameter, and upward inclination angles. It was observed that reduced T-junctions performed worse in terms of phase separation compared to regular T-junctions for all inlet conditions applied and irrespective of the side arm inclination, whereas in case of regular T-junctions a superior separation performance was ensured for the inclined side arm at 30°.

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Applied engineering letters, 2020

The Friction stir welding process is a new entrant in welding technology. The FSW joints have hig... more The Friction stir welding process is a new entrant in welding technology. The FSW joints have high strength and helps in weight saving considerably than the other joining process as no filler material is added during welding. The weld quality is affected because of various kinds of defects occurring during the FSW process. Defects like cavity, surface grooves and flash could occur due to inappropriate set of process parameters which results in excessive or insufficient heat input. Defects analysis can be done by several non-destructive methods like immersion ultrasonic techniques, X-ray radiography, thermography, eddy current testing, synchrotron technique etc. In the present work the image processing techniques are applied over the test samples to detect the surface defects like pin holes, surface grooves etc. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Applied engineering letters, 2022

At present, a strategically important task of technological independence of Russian industries is... more At present, a strategically important task of technological independence of Russian industries is restoration of worn-out parts of machines and equipment by plasma methods based on the use of coatings of different functional purpose. The purpose of this study is to solve the actual problem of choosing the rational modes of plasma coating in the process of restoration of worn parts, subjected to intensive wear in the operation process. To solve this problem, the experimental studies of the elasticity characteristics in the plasma-deposited coatings were carried out. The study results allowed determining the most optimal range of rational modes of plasma coating deposition in terms of obtaining high elastic properties of plasma coatings as the key stage of resource-saving technology for restoration of worn parts of machinery and equipment.

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applied engineering letters, 2022

Planetary gear trains have been applied for a long time in the automotive industry as an irreplac... more Planetary gear trains have been applied for a long time in the automotive industry as an irreplaceable part of automatic gearboxes. This paper presents, based on existing research, the kinematic analysis and evaluation of Ravigneaux gear trains, effects of power flow analysis and power loss, evaluation of utility effects of energy utilization through analysis of efficiency. It also illustrates research topics that analyse technical challenges of understanding and predicting dynamics and vibrations of planetary gear trains in the process of design of their configuration, optimization of given gear trains in reference to set criteria and affirmation of validity of their constructions by prototyping and prototype testing on the test stand.

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Applied engineering letters, 2020

The article focuses on determining the impact of using different types of gasoline on selected ve... more The article focuses on determining the impact of using different types of gasoline on selected vehicle properties. To perform the measurements, there were six types of gasoline chosen from different gas stations and they differed in price, octane rating, and in an amount of additives and biocomponents. The immediate effect of petrol on engine performance and torque, exhaust gas composition and fuel purchase costs was examined. The results have shown a relatively low impact of gasoline on a vehicle's dynamic properties. The most visible change was measured when comparing the most expensive fuel to the cheapest one. There was an increase in the engine torque from 156 Nm to 160 Nm measured. Such a difference is lower than the deviation of measuring. The differences measured in the composition of the exhaust gases are low. However, there is a significant impact in choice of gasoline on the costs of fuel purchase.

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Applied Engineering letters, 2020

In this paper the industrial automation of the production process, which is based on the fusion o... more In this paper the industrial automation of the production process, which is based on the fusion of a CNC machine and an industrial robot, is described. The functional structure of the flexible production cell, its configuration, programming methods and applications in industry are explained in detail. Based on the application of artificial intelligence, an example of making a machine part with the use of machines and software of the latest generation is given. Using this approach it is achieved significant shortening of production time, increased productivity and almost total elimination of scrap. Special attention is given to the current fourth industrial revolution and the application of the CAD / CAM / CNC concept in the future.

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Applied Engineering letters, 2020

Unidirectional composites of polypropylene (PP), reinforced with abaca fiber was fabricated by co... more Unidirectional composites of polypropylene (PP), reinforced with abaca fiber was fabricated by compression molding with and without the presence of stearic acid (SA) as a coupling agent. Raw abaca fiber was utilized and four levels of filler loading (10, 20, 30 and 40 wt%) were used during composite manufacturing. Mechanical tests (tensile, bending and impact properties) of the resultant composites were conducted. Based on fiber loading, 30% fiber-reinforced composites had the optimum set of mechanical properties. Optimized abaca fiber was chemically treated with SA to increase its compatibility with the polymer matrix. SA treated abaca fiber-reinforced composites yielded better mechanical properties compared to the raw composites. In order to know more about the fiber-matrix adhesion, scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the tensile fractured samples showed improved adhesion between abaca and PP matrix upon treatment with SA. Water uptake and simulating weathering test of the composites were also investigated.

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Applied engineering letters, 2020

Finite element method (FEM) has proved to be very successful in solving complex problems in engin... more Finite element method (FEM) has proved to be very successful in solving complex problems in engineering. In medicine, FEM found a special application in simulation of real problems and their solution while eliminating the need of learning from examples. In this paper, FEM was used with viscous fluid dynamics to simulate the function of left heart ventricle. Theoretical fundamentals of FEM and heart function were given. The paper represents illustrative example for educational purposes.

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Applied Engineering Letters, 2020

This paper presents an analysis and the test results of certain physical properties of the rock m... more This paper presents an analysis and the test results of certain physical properties of the rock materials excavated from quarries in Serbia. The four rock aggregates, considered in this analysis, are used for building the driveway constructions' layers on roads, streets, airports and base layers on railways. To that purpose, both the general and specific technical properties (petrographic, physical, mechanical and technological) of those rocks must be known to users. The four rocks, whose physical properties are analyzed, are the most important types of the building stones: limestone, dolomite marble, calcite-dolomite marble and andesite. Their physical properties tested included volumetric mass, specific mass (density), porosity and water absorption. The service life, reparation jobs and maintenance procedures of the construction machinery parts, which come into direct contact with building materials like rocks and stones, strongly depend on those stones' properties. The four tested rock materials belong into a group of the massive rocks with various porosities and tendency to absorb water.

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Applied Engineering Letters, 2020

Serbia, as a developing country and EU accession country, faces many challenges. One of the key a... more Serbia, as a developing country and EU accession country, faces many challenges. One of the key areas identified as the most complicated problem in the negotiation process is the issues of environmental protection and improvement, including the energy sector. Since population in Serbia is concerned because of poor living standards, high unemployment rate, and other social issues it could be questioned what is their concern and awareness about climate change since it is a realistic and visible phenomenon that is hard for someone to ignore and neglect. This paper presents some of the results of a survey conducted among adults in rural and urban parts of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina on their perception, awareness, and knowledge about climate change issues. The research/survey also examined the specific actions that respondents would take as a personal contribution to mitigating the effects of climate problems. The results indicate that respondents have a high awareness of climate change, but the knowledge on climate change is relatively low even though the respondents graduated from faculty (about 52%).

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Applied Engineering Letters, 2020

The model of e-commerce web store is developed and analyzed from supply chain management view of ... more The model of e-commerce web store is developed and analyzed from supply chain management view of point. Main focus of this scientific paper is highlighted on fuzzy approach to crucial data about products, stored in the database of e-commerce web shop. For unit price of the product, and the probability of buying product of certain dimensions, it is calculated the fuzzy mean of the expected prize and the variance. The SWARA method is implemented and relative weight criteria is calculated in order to optimize supply chain management.

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Applied Engineering Letters, 2020

The paper presents the results of testing gearboxes in coal open pit mine which have been damaged... more The paper presents the results of testing gearboxes in coal open pit mine which have been damaged by various mechanisms. Gearboxes, as constituents of belt conveyors, bucket-wheel excavators and bucket chain excavators and spreaders, are the most loaded segments of drive units the functionality of which affects the operation of complete coal and overburden systems. Therefore, special attention has to be paid to their condition so that the analysis of relevant condition indicators could lead to correct conclusions as to their functionality, as well as point to the factors causing their fault. Tests were carried out on 95 gearboxes throughout 2017, during general repairs at Drmno mine workshop. After examination, all identified failures were illustrated with an appropriate photo, classified according to the appropriate standard, and described in the form of manifestation and cause. The research has shown that the most dominant were faults of bearings and lubrication, whether seals and cuffs or a thin hermetic layer between the housing and covers. In addition, some of the faults happened on gears and toothed and stepped shafts. Major irregularities in operation, resulting from damage to gearbox elements, are show by fault tree analysis (FTA).

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Applied Engineering Letters, 2020

In active vibration control of the smart structures, the dynamic characteristics directly affect ... more In active vibration control of the smart structures, the dynamic characteristics directly affect the damping performance; also, the actuators are the important element for the vibration reduction. Therefore, the optimal placement of the actuators/sensors on the structure is the key parameter to enhance the control performance. Within this scope, in this study, the possible optimal placement of piezoelectric actuators/sensors on the cantilever smart plate structure is presented by using mode superposition method. The simple plate and the smart plate are investigated with respect to compare each other according to the modal parameters such as mode shape and natural frequency. The numerical studies based on the finite element analysis are conducted in ANSYS Workbench software. As a result of the study, it is seen that the strain intensity calculations obtained after the mode combination can be used in the layout of piezoelectric actuators. Thus, a fast and practical solution for preparing the basis of optimal actuators/sensors placement is presented.

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Applied Engineering Letters, 2020

In truss structural optimization the most frequently optimized factor of a structure is its weigh... more In truss structural optimization the most frequently optimized factor of a structure is its weight. The minimization of weight contributes not only to savings in material, but also in other aspects of the structure such as number of elements used, number of welds needed, outer surface area, etc. This research aims to show the difference in optimal solutions for four different topological cases of a typical trapezoidal roof truss looking at their effects on overall outer surface area. The truss layouts are optimized for sizing, and a combination of sizing and shape with a minimal weight objective function. In order to ensure the most practically applicable solutions the example optimized in this paper uses dynamic constraints for buckling, stress constraints, and nodal displacement constraints. The overall outer surface area for all cases is compared, as surface protection accounts for a substantial part of the total cost of roof truss construction. Optimal solutions show a lack of correlation between weight and surface area, which is discussed in the conclusion.

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Applied engineering letters, 2020

Annual energy consumption in Kragujevac elementary schools is 1.909 MWh of electric energy and 12... more Annual energy consumption in Kragujevac elementary schools is 1.909 MWh of electric energy and 12.510 MWh of heat energy, while the total CO2 emission is 6.406 t. This paper provides an overview of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in 61 elementary school buildings, divided in 12 groups. The goal of this paper is to determine which group of school facilities, depending on the year of construction and area, consumes the most energy and produces the most CO2 emissions. It has been shown that most electrical (36,33%) and heat (41,42%) energy are consumed in the school buildings constructed in the period 1971-1990. Most CO2 emissions (40,39%) come from energy consumed in the school buildings constructed in the same period. It is this group of buildings that represents a significant potential for energy savings and reduction of CO2 emissions, through the implementation of various energy efficiency measures.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

applied engineering letters, 2020

This paper reports on the research results of surface integrity of the workpiece in creep-feed gr... more This paper reports on the research results of surface integrity of the workpiece in creep-feed grinding on the high speed tool steel. The creep-feed grinding is an advanced abrasive process widely used in industry of complex and heavy engineering products. An experimental investigation of the fundamental characteristics of surface metallurgy and surface roughness is carried out. The metallurgical properties were determined by an optical microscope, and through: microstructure, microhardness, cracks and burns. The surface roughness was determined with multiple important roughness parameters through scanning the surface topography (roughness average, mean roughness depth, maximum roughness depth and profile bearing length ratio). The results show that the grinding surface integrity is acceptable with good material removal rate, so that the creep-feed grinding process is an excellent choice for efficient and quality material removal. However, creep-feed grinding is not suitable for the final machining because of the possible metallurgical alterations due to high thermal load.

Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact

applied engineering letters, 2020

Data analysis is divided into two categories i.e. classification and prediction. These two catego... more Data analysis is divided into two categories i.e. classification and prediction. These two categories can be used for extraction of models from the dataset and further determine future data trends or important set of classes available in the dataset. The aim of the present work is to determine location of the fracture failure in dissimilar friction stir welded joint by using various machine learning classification models such as Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, Naïve Bayes and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). It is observed that out of these classification algorithms, Artificial Neural Network results have the best accuracy score of 0.95.

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applied engineering letters, 2020

The article focuses on detection of fuel consumption in cars with the spark-ignition engine aimin... more The article focuses on detection of fuel consumption in cars with the spark-ignition engine aiming to determine the most accurate way of daily-use fuel consumption through evaluation finding. To achieve relevant outcomes, different routes underwent experiments in multiple consumption modes. In particular, these encompass four circuits varying in length, speed limit, intersection number with significant waiting time and the route ratio city/highway. Each segment saw three measurings in terms of different consumption forms-standard, economical and dynamic. Apart from that, fuel consumption detection also takes into cosideration possible deviations from consumed fuel when automatically switching off the fuel pump pistol. Three methods contributed to achieving the findings; i.e. quantification method, the technique of data subtraction from the on-board computer (On-Board Unit) and method of amassing data from a phone application. Ultimately, compiled tables and detailed diagrams show outcomes demonstrating the most convenient way and approach of measuring fuel consumption for daily-users. ARTICLE HISTORY

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applied engineering letters, 2020

Research results of influence of the UIT (Ultrasonic Impact Treatment) on welded joints, executed... more Research results of influence of the UIT (Ultrasonic Impact Treatment) on welded joints, executed on the Strenx 700MC steel, are presented in this paper. The fatigue tests of those joints were performed by rotating bending in the region of the high number of loading cycles (10 5 to 10 7) with parameters: frequency 35 Hz, cycles asymmetry factor-1, at the ambient temperature 20 ± 2 °C. The fatigue safety coefficient was calculated before the UIT (in the original state) and after the UIT, according to four methods. An increase was recorded for the latter state: for the Goodman method of 10.45 %, for the Gerber method of 10.21 %, for the ASME method of 5.96 % and for the Soderberg method of 7.40%.

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Applied engineering letters, 2020

Separation theory describing the motions of palm kernel and shell on rotating incline was analyse... more Separation theory describing the motions of palm kernel and shell on rotating incline was analysed. Two series of differential equations, in order to obtain the dispatch angles of kernel and shell for the separation process were developed respectively. The differences in the motions and physical features of the particles formed the premise for separation. The results obtained from the theory showed a possibility of product separation within the approximate ranges of dispatch angles between 25 and 90 0 for kernels and shells on rotating incline, with specified slide limit, angular velocity and radius of the incline, and comparisons were made between the theoretical and experimental results. The dispatch angles obtained from both theory and experiment reasonably showed significant agreement and therefore suggested validity of the developed theory.

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Applied engineering letters, 2020

The simple geometry configuration of T-junctions and their capability to act as partial phase sep... more The simple geometry configuration of T-junctions and their capability to act as partial phase separators, especially on offshore platforms, made them common pipeline system components in power and process industries. Moreover, in the pursuit of achieving better phase separation by controlling the maldistribution occurred in the component phases of a mixture at the junction, industries often utilise reduced T-junctions. Nevertheless, most of the published data in which industries was based on to adopt the previous configuration was relating on fully horizontal T-junctions with large main pipe diameters although T-junctions are rarely placed in a horizontal position in such industries, whilst the usage of small main pipe diameters could also lead to scaling down their size. In this regard, the present paper aimed to extend the available data by performing numerical analysis and studying both regular and reduced T-junctions with a small main pipe diameter, and upward inclination angles. It was observed that reduced T-junctions performed worse in terms of phase separation compared to regular T-junctions for all inlet conditions applied and irrespective of the side arm inclination, whereas in case of regular T-junctions a superior separation performance was ensured for the inclined side arm at 30°.

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Applied engineering letters, 2020

The Friction stir welding process is a new entrant in welding technology. The FSW joints have hig... more The Friction stir welding process is a new entrant in welding technology. The FSW joints have high strength and helps in weight saving considerably than the other joining process as no filler material is added during welding. The weld quality is affected because of various kinds of defects occurring during the FSW process. Defects like cavity, surface grooves and flash could occur due to inappropriate set of process parameters which results in excessive or insufficient heat input. Defects analysis can be done by several non-destructive methods like immersion ultrasonic techniques, X-ray radiography, thermography, eddy current testing, synchrotron technique etc. In the present work the image processing techniques are applied over the test samples to detect the surface defects like pin holes, surface grooves etc. ARTICLE HISTORY

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In this study, dispersion of nano SiO2 and its effect on mechanical properties were studied by pr... more In this study, dispersion of nano SiO2 and its effect on mechanical properties were studied by preparing epoxy nanocomposites. Ultrasonic and mechanical mixes were used to disperse the SiO2 nanoparticles in to the epoxy resin. Having been produced with five different weight percentage ratios of SiO2, nanocomposites fracture surfaces were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, optical microscope on tensile tests and bending tests. The results of experimental tests showed that the optimum values of strength for both test were acquired for (2 wt. %) of nano SiO2 epoxy nanocomposites. Scanning Electron Microscopy and optical microscopy analysis techniques were used to understand the toughening mechanisms of the nanocomposites.

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