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Papers by Archana Kumari

Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial activity of some herbal oils against common food-borne pathogens

African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol.(2) pp. 258-261,October, 2008 Available online http:... more African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol.(2) pp. 258-261,October, 2008 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/ajmr ISSN 1996-0808 ©2008 Academic Journals ... Antimicrobial activity of some herbal oils against ... Charu Gupta1*, Amar P. Garg2 , Ramesh C. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative analysis of the antimicrobial activity of cinnamon oil and cinnamon extract on somefood-borne microbes

The aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum z... more The aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract (50% ethanol) and its oil, and to compare their effectiveness against ten bacteria (seven Gram-positive and three Gram-negative) and seven fungi by agar well diffusion assays. Cinnamon oil exhibited a broad spectrum of antagonistic activity, as compared to its extract, by inhibiting both bacteria and fungi. The oil was found to be very effective with a lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.25% (v/v) against Bacillus sp., Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli and Klebsiella sp. Amongst the fungi, Rhizomucor sp. was found to be highly sensitive to the oil. Therefore, this study shows that cinnamon oil is a more potent antimicrobial agent than cinnamon extract and that it has the potential to be used as food biopreservative.

Research paper thumbnail of A Bacteriocin Production on Soya Nutri Nuggets Extract Medium by Lactococcus lactis Subsp. Lactis CCSUB202

International Journal of Dairy Science, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic Divergence and Character Association in Micromutants of Urdbean (Vigna mungo L.) Variety T9

Twenty two mutants of Urdbean variety T9 were evaluated to assess genetic divergence for nine qua... more Twenty two mutants of Urdbean variety T9 were evaluated to assess genetic divergence for nine quantitative traits. Mutants were grouped in four clusters based on D values. Clusters II, II and IV were 2 divergent from the cluster, I, which contained the parent variety, T9. Cluster IV having a single mutant culture AAI-UB8 exhibited higher value for yield/plant, pod length, seeds/pod and 100-seed weight. Correlations coefficient measure the mutual relationship between various plant characters on which selection can be based for yield improvement. Path analysis revealed that pod length, pod cluster/plant and 100-seed weight had positive direct effects on seed yield/plant.

Research paper thumbnail of MP01.22 Postoperative X-ray Chest After Supracostal Puncture: Mandatory After Every Case of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Research paper thumbnail of E108 Role of intercostals nerve block for post operative analgesia in patients undergoing supracostal puncture for Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

European Urology Supplements, 2011

Lower pole kidney stones represent at time a challenge for the urologist. The gold standard treat... more Lower pole kidney stones represent at time a challenge for the urologist. The gold standard treatment for intrarenal stones <2 cm is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and for those >2 cm is Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The success rate of ESWL decreases in lower pole stones, particularly in the presence of narrow calices or acute infundibular angles. Studies have proved that ureteroscopy (URS) is an efficacious alternative to ESWL for lower pole stones <2 cm, however this is not reflected by both the European and American guidelines. The aim of this study is to present the results of a large series of flexible ureteroscopies and PCNLs for lower pole kidney stones from high volume centers. Materials and Methods: A database was created and the centers retrospectively entered their data related to the percutaneous and flexible ureteroscopic management of lower pole kidney stones. Patients included were treated between January 2005 and January 2010. Variables analyzed included case load number, preoperative and postoperative imaging, stone burden, anesthesia (general vs. spinal), type of lithotripter, visual clarity, access location and size, access dilation type, ureteral access sheath use, operative time, stone free rate, complication rate, hospital stay, analgesic requirement and follow-up time. Stone free rate was defined as no residual fragments, or single fragment <2 mm in size at follow-up imaging. Results: 235 patients met the criteria for inclusion. There were 112 PCNLs (group 1) and 123 flexible URS (group 2). 96% of cases were diagnosed by CT KUB scan. Mean stone burden was 2.24±2.06 cm 2 and 0.75±0.81 cm 2 for group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). General anesthesia was induced in 100% and 80% of group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). Pneumo-ultrasonic energy was used in 84% of cases in the PCNL group, and Holmium laser in 95% of the cases in the flexible URS group. Stone free rate after a single treatment was 90% for group 1 and 81% for group 2. This was documented by follow-up CT KUB (22%) or combination of intra-venous pyelogram, regular KUB and/or kidney ultrasound (78%). Mean operative time was 73.3± 40 and 63±37 minutes for group 1 and 2 respectively. Overall 5.4% of group 1 and 15.2% of group 2 required a second look procedure (p = 0.001). There were 12 major complications (11%) in group 1 and no major complications in group 2 (p = 0.01). Blood transfusion rate was 5.4% and 0% in group 1 and 2 respectively (p = 0.001). Mean hospital stay was 5.7±3.3 and 2.6±1.7 days for group 1 and 2 respectively (p = 0.0001). 95% of group 1 and 52% of group 2 required analgesia for a period larger than 24 hours (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The data highlight the possible value of latest generation flexible URS as a treatment alternative to ESWL for <2 cm lower pole kidney stones. Furthermore, the results confirm the high success rate and relatively low morbidity of modern PCNL for lower pole stones >2 cm.

Research paper thumbnail of MP01.22 Postoperative X-ray Chest After Supracostal Puncture: Mandatory After Every Case of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Research paper thumbnail of E108 Role of intercostals nerve block for post operative analgesia in patients undergoing supracostal puncture for Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

European Urology Supplements, 2011

Lower pole kidney stones represent at time a challenge for the urologist. The gold standard treat... more Lower pole kidney stones represent at time a challenge for the urologist. The gold standard treatment for intrarenal stones <2 cm is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and for those >2 cm is Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The success rate of ESWL decreases in lower pole stones, particularly in the presence of narrow calices or acute infundibular angles. Studies have proved that ureteroscopy (URS) is an efficacious alternative to ESWL for lower pole stones <2 cm, however this is not reflected by both the European and American guidelines. The aim of this study is to present the results of a large series of flexible ureteroscopies and PCNLs for lower pole kidney stones from high volume centers. Materials and Methods: A database was created and the centers retrospectively entered their data related to the percutaneous and flexible ureteroscopic management of lower pole kidney stones. Patients included were treated between January 2005 and January 2010. Variables analyzed included case load number, preoperative and postoperative imaging, stone burden, anesthesia (general vs. spinal), type of lithotripter, visual clarity, access location and size, access dilation type, ureteral access sheath use, operative time, stone free rate, complication rate, hospital stay, analgesic requirement and follow-up time. Stone free rate was defined as no residual fragments, or single fragment <2 mm in size at follow-up imaging. Results: 235 patients met the criteria for inclusion. There were 112 PCNLs (group 1) and 123 flexible URS (group 2). 96% of cases were diagnosed by CT KUB scan. Mean stone burden was 2.24±2.06 cm 2 and 0.75±0.81 cm 2 for group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). General anesthesia was induced in 100% and 80% of group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). Pneumo-ultrasonic energy was used in 84% of cases in the PCNL group, and Holmium laser in 95% of the cases in the flexible URS group. Stone free rate after a single treatment was 90% for group 1 and 81% for group 2. This was documented by follow-up CT KUB (22%) or combination of intra-venous pyelogram, regular KUB and/or kidney ultrasound (78%). Mean operative time was 73.3± 40 and 63±37 minutes for group 1 and 2 respectively. Overall 5.4% of group 1 and 15.2% of group 2 required a second look procedure (p = 0.001). There were 12 major complications (11%) in group 1 and no major complications in group 2 (p = 0.01). Blood transfusion rate was 5.4% and 0% in group 1 and 2 respectively (p = 0.001). Mean hospital stay was 5.7±3.3 and 2.6±1.7 days for group 1 and 2 respectively (p = 0.0001). 95% of group 1 and 52% of group 2 required analgesia for a period larger than 24 hours (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The data highlight the possible value of latest generation flexible URS as a treatment alternative to ESWL for <2 cm lower pole kidney stones. Furthermore, the results confirm the high success rate and relatively low morbidity of modern PCNL for lower pole stones >2 cm.

Research paper thumbnail of MP01.22 Postoperative X-ray Chest After Supracostal Puncture: Mandatory After Every Case of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Research paper thumbnail of E108 Role of intercostals nerve block for post operative analgesia in patients undergoing supracostal puncture for Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

European Urology Supplements, 2011

Lower pole kidney stones represent at time a challenge for the urologist. The gold standard treat... more Lower pole kidney stones represent at time a challenge for the urologist. The gold standard treatment for intrarenal stones <2 cm is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and for those >2 cm is Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The success rate of ESWL decreases in lower pole stones, particularly in the presence of narrow calices or acute infundibular angles. Studies have proved that ureteroscopy (URS) is an efficacious alternative to ESWL for lower pole stones <2 cm, however this is not reflected by both the European and American guidelines. The aim of this study is to present the results of a large series of flexible ureteroscopies and PCNLs for lower pole kidney stones from high volume centers. Materials and Methods: A database was created and the centers retrospectively entered their data related to the percutaneous and flexible ureteroscopic management of lower pole kidney stones. Patients included were treated between January 2005 and January 2010. Variables analyzed included case load number, preoperative and postoperative imaging, stone burden, anesthesia (general vs. spinal), type of lithotripter, visual clarity, access location and size, access dilation type, ureteral access sheath use, operative time, stone free rate, complication rate, hospital stay, analgesic requirement and follow-up time. Stone free rate was defined as no residual fragments, or single fragment <2 mm in size at follow-up imaging. Results: 235 patients met the criteria for inclusion. There were 112 PCNLs (group 1) and 123 flexible URS (group 2). 96% of cases were diagnosed by CT KUB scan. Mean stone burden was 2.24±2.06 cm 2 and 0.75±0.81 cm 2 for group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). General anesthesia was induced in 100% and 80% of group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). Pneumo-ultrasonic energy was used in 84% of cases in the PCNL group, and Holmium laser in 95% of the cases in the flexible URS group. Stone free rate after a single treatment was 90% for group 1 and 81% for group 2. This was documented by follow-up CT KUB (22%) or combination of intra-venous pyelogram, regular KUB and/or kidney ultrasound (78%). Mean operative time was 73.3± 40 and 63±37 minutes for group 1 and 2 respectively. Overall 5.4% of group 1 and 15.2% of group 2 required a second look procedure (p = 0.001). There were 12 major complications (11%) in group 1 and no major complications in group 2 (p = 0.01). Blood transfusion rate was 5.4% and 0% in group 1 and 2 respectively (p = 0.001). Mean hospital stay was 5.7±3.3 and 2.6±1.7 days for group 1 and 2 respectively (p = 0.0001). 95% of group 1 and 52% of group 2 required analgesia for a period larger than 24 hours (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The data highlight the possible value of latest generation flexible URS as a treatment alternative to ESWL for <2 cm lower pole kidney stones. Furthermore, the results confirm the high success rate and relatively low morbidity of modern PCNL for lower pole stones >2 cm.

Research paper thumbnail of Screening of Antioxidant Potential of Selected Barks of Indian Medicinal Plants by Multiple in vitro Assays

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 2008

Objective To evaluate the antioxidant potential in herbal extract barks of five therapeutically i... more Objective To evaluate the antioxidant potential in herbal extract barks of five therapeutically important medicinal plants native to India, i.e. Crataeva nurvala Buch.-Ham., Buchanania lanzan Spreng., Aegle marmelos Corr., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC., and Cedrela toona Roxb. Methods Standardized aqueous alcoholic extracts from the selected barks having different target radicals, such as superoxide radical, nitric oxide, ABTS radical, and peroxidative decomposition of phospholipids, were prepared and screened by multiple in vitro assays. These extracts were also tested for total phenolic and tannin content and correlated with antioxidant capacity. Results Total phenolic and tannin contents were found to be the highest in C. nurvala (195 GAE mg/g and 218.3 mg/g CE). SOD mimetic activity was found to be the highest in Crataeva nurvula, although all barks showed activity more than 100 units/mg extract. Lipid peroxidation inhibitory potential was found to be the highest in Crataeva nurvala (83.4% inhibition of MDA formation/10 µg extract), and also showed a comparatively high NO quenching capacity (45.5% per 10 µg extract). The highest NO quenching potential was found in Aegle marmelos (47.3% per 10 µg extract). Cedrela toona showed the lowest LPO inhibitory potential and NO quenching capacity (50.5% and 30.5%, respectively). Buchanania lanzan, a medicinal plant extensively used for inflammatory disorders and Dalbergia sissoo also showed 72.5% and 69.1% LPO inhibitory potential/10 µg extract. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity ranged from 0.24 to 0.39 mmol/L TEAC/mg extract, indicating that all the barks tested had ABTS +· radical quenching capacity. Conclusion Bark of Crataeva nurvula has the highest antioxidant capacity and a positive correlation between antioxidant activity and their plendic content was found.

Research paper thumbnail of Sm

Research paper thumbnail of Antimicrobial activity of some herbal oils against common food-borne pathogens

African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol.(2) pp. 258-261,October, 2008 Available online http:... more African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol.(2) pp. 258-261,October, 2008 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/ajmr ISSN 1996-0808 ©2008 Academic Journals ... Antimicrobial activity of some herbal oils against ... Charu Gupta1*, Amar P. Garg2 , Ramesh C. ...

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative analysis of the antimicrobial activity of cinnamon oil and cinnamon extract on somefood-borne microbes

The aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum z... more The aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract (50% ethanol) and its oil, and to compare their effectiveness against ten bacteria (seven Gram-positive and three Gram-negative) and seven fungi by agar well diffusion assays. Cinnamon oil exhibited a broad spectrum of antagonistic activity, as compared to its extract, by inhibiting both bacteria and fungi. The oil was found to be very effective with a lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.25% (v/v) against Bacillus sp., Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli and Klebsiella sp. Amongst the fungi, Rhizomucor sp. was found to be highly sensitive to the oil. Therefore, this study shows that cinnamon oil is a more potent antimicrobial agent than cinnamon extract and that it has the potential to be used as food biopreservative.

Research paper thumbnail of A Bacteriocin Production on Soya Nutri Nuggets Extract Medium by Lactococcus lactis Subsp. Lactis CCSUB202

International Journal of Dairy Science, 2008

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic Divergence and Character Association in Micromutants of Urdbean (Vigna mungo L.) Variety T9

Twenty two mutants of Urdbean variety T9 were evaluated to assess genetic divergence for nine qua... more Twenty two mutants of Urdbean variety T9 were evaluated to assess genetic divergence for nine quantitative traits. Mutants were grouped in four clusters based on D values. Clusters II, II and IV were 2 divergent from the cluster, I, which contained the parent variety, T9. Cluster IV having a single mutant culture AAI-UB8 exhibited higher value for yield/plant, pod length, seeds/pod and 100-seed weight. Correlations coefficient measure the mutual relationship between various plant characters on which selection can be based for yield improvement. Path analysis revealed that pod length, pod cluster/plant and 100-seed weight had positive direct effects on seed yield/plant.

Research paper thumbnail of MP01.22 Postoperative X-ray Chest After Supracostal Puncture: Mandatory After Every Case of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Research paper thumbnail of E108 Role of intercostals nerve block for post operative analgesia in patients undergoing supracostal puncture for Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

European Urology Supplements, 2011

Lower pole kidney stones represent at time a challenge for the urologist. The gold standard treat... more Lower pole kidney stones represent at time a challenge for the urologist. The gold standard treatment for intrarenal stones <2 cm is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and for those >2 cm is Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The success rate of ESWL decreases in lower pole stones, particularly in the presence of narrow calices or acute infundibular angles. Studies have proved that ureteroscopy (URS) is an efficacious alternative to ESWL for lower pole stones <2 cm, however this is not reflected by both the European and American guidelines. The aim of this study is to present the results of a large series of flexible ureteroscopies and PCNLs for lower pole kidney stones from high volume centers. Materials and Methods: A database was created and the centers retrospectively entered their data related to the percutaneous and flexible ureteroscopic management of lower pole kidney stones. Patients included were treated between January 2005 and January 2010. Variables analyzed included case load number, preoperative and postoperative imaging, stone burden, anesthesia (general vs. spinal), type of lithotripter, visual clarity, access location and size, access dilation type, ureteral access sheath use, operative time, stone free rate, complication rate, hospital stay, analgesic requirement and follow-up time. Stone free rate was defined as no residual fragments, or single fragment <2 mm in size at follow-up imaging. Results: 235 patients met the criteria for inclusion. There were 112 PCNLs (group 1) and 123 flexible URS (group 2). 96% of cases were diagnosed by CT KUB scan. Mean stone burden was 2.24±2.06 cm 2 and 0.75±0.81 cm 2 for group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). General anesthesia was induced in 100% and 80% of group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). Pneumo-ultrasonic energy was used in 84% of cases in the PCNL group, and Holmium laser in 95% of the cases in the flexible URS group. Stone free rate after a single treatment was 90% for group 1 and 81% for group 2. This was documented by follow-up CT KUB (22%) or combination of intra-venous pyelogram, regular KUB and/or kidney ultrasound (78%). Mean operative time was 73.3± 40 and 63±37 minutes for group 1 and 2 respectively. Overall 5.4% of group 1 and 15.2% of group 2 required a second look procedure (p = 0.001). There were 12 major complications (11%) in group 1 and no major complications in group 2 (p = 0.01). Blood transfusion rate was 5.4% and 0% in group 1 and 2 respectively (p = 0.001). Mean hospital stay was 5.7±3.3 and 2.6±1.7 days for group 1 and 2 respectively (p = 0.0001). 95% of group 1 and 52% of group 2 required analgesia for a period larger than 24 hours (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The data highlight the possible value of latest generation flexible URS as a treatment alternative to ESWL for <2 cm lower pole kidney stones. Furthermore, the results confirm the high success rate and relatively low morbidity of modern PCNL for lower pole stones >2 cm.

Research paper thumbnail of MP01.22 Postoperative X-ray Chest After Supracostal Puncture: Mandatory After Every Case of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Research paper thumbnail of E108 Role of intercostals nerve block for post operative analgesia in patients undergoing supracostal puncture for Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

European Urology Supplements, 2011

Lower pole kidney stones represent at time a challenge for the urologist. The gold standard treat... more Lower pole kidney stones represent at time a challenge for the urologist. The gold standard treatment for intrarenal stones <2 cm is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and for those >2 cm is Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The success rate of ESWL decreases in lower pole stones, particularly in the presence of narrow calices or acute infundibular angles. Studies have proved that ureteroscopy (URS) is an efficacious alternative to ESWL for lower pole stones <2 cm, however this is not reflected by both the European and American guidelines. The aim of this study is to present the results of a large series of flexible ureteroscopies and PCNLs for lower pole kidney stones from high volume centers. Materials and Methods: A database was created and the centers retrospectively entered their data related to the percutaneous and flexible ureteroscopic management of lower pole kidney stones. Patients included were treated between January 2005 and January 2010. Variables analyzed included case load number, preoperative and postoperative imaging, stone burden, anesthesia (general vs. spinal), type of lithotripter, visual clarity, access location and size, access dilation type, ureteral access sheath use, operative time, stone free rate, complication rate, hospital stay, analgesic requirement and follow-up time. Stone free rate was defined as no residual fragments, or single fragment <2 mm in size at follow-up imaging. Results: 235 patients met the criteria for inclusion. There were 112 PCNLs (group 1) and 123 flexible URS (group 2). 96% of cases were diagnosed by CT KUB scan. Mean stone burden was 2.24±2.06 cm 2 and 0.75±0.81 cm 2 for group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). General anesthesia was induced in 100% and 80% of group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). Pneumo-ultrasonic energy was used in 84% of cases in the PCNL group, and Holmium laser in 95% of the cases in the flexible URS group. Stone free rate after a single treatment was 90% for group 1 and 81% for group 2. This was documented by follow-up CT KUB (22%) or combination of intra-venous pyelogram, regular KUB and/or kidney ultrasound (78%). Mean operative time was 73.3± 40 and 63±37 minutes for group 1 and 2 respectively. Overall 5.4% of group 1 and 15.2% of group 2 required a second look procedure (p = 0.001). There were 12 major complications (11%) in group 1 and no major complications in group 2 (p = 0.01). Blood transfusion rate was 5.4% and 0% in group 1 and 2 respectively (p = 0.001). Mean hospital stay was 5.7±3.3 and 2.6±1.7 days for group 1 and 2 respectively (p = 0.0001). 95% of group 1 and 52% of group 2 required analgesia for a period larger than 24 hours (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The data highlight the possible value of latest generation flexible URS as a treatment alternative to ESWL for <2 cm lower pole kidney stones. Furthermore, the results confirm the high success rate and relatively low morbidity of modern PCNL for lower pole stones >2 cm.

Research paper thumbnail of MP01.22 Postoperative X-ray Chest After Supracostal Puncture: Mandatory After Every Case of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Research paper thumbnail of E108 Role of intercostals nerve block for post operative analgesia in patients undergoing supracostal puncture for Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

European Urology Supplements, 2011

Lower pole kidney stones represent at time a challenge for the urologist. The gold standard treat... more Lower pole kidney stones represent at time a challenge for the urologist. The gold standard treatment for intrarenal stones <2 cm is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and for those >2 cm is Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The success rate of ESWL decreases in lower pole stones, particularly in the presence of narrow calices or acute infundibular angles. Studies have proved that ureteroscopy (URS) is an efficacious alternative to ESWL for lower pole stones <2 cm, however this is not reflected by both the European and American guidelines. The aim of this study is to present the results of a large series of flexible ureteroscopies and PCNLs for lower pole kidney stones from high volume centers. Materials and Methods: A database was created and the centers retrospectively entered their data related to the percutaneous and flexible ureteroscopic management of lower pole kidney stones. Patients included were treated between January 2005 and January 2010. Variables analyzed included case load number, preoperative and postoperative imaging, stone burden, anesthesia (general vs. spinal), type of lithotripter, visual clarity, access location and size, access dilation type, ureteral access sheath use, operative time, stone free rate, complication rate, hospital stay, analgesic requirement and follow-up time. Stone free rate was defined as no residual fragments, or single fragment <2 mm in size at follow-up imaging. Results: 235 patients met the criteria for inclusion. There were 112 PCNLs (group 1) and 123 flexible URS (group 2). 96% of cases were diagnosed by CT KUB scan. Mean stone burden was 2.24±2.06 cm 2 and 0.75±0.81 cm 2 for group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). General anesthesia was induced in 100% and 80% of group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). Pneumo-ultrasonic energy was used in 84% of cases in the PCNL group, and Holmium laser in 95% of the cases in the flexible URS group. Stone free rate after a single treatment was 90% for group 1 and 81% for group 2. This was documented by follow-up CT KUB (22%) or combination of intra-venous pyelogram, regular KUB and/or kidney ultrasound (78%). Mean operative time was 73.3± 40 and 63±37 minutes for group 1 and 2 respectively. Overall 5.4% of group 1 and 15.2% of group 2 required a second look procedure (p = 0.001). There were 12 major complications (11%) in group 1 and no major complications in group 2 (p = 0.01). Blood transfusion rate was 5.4% and 0% in group 1 and 2 respectively (p = 0.001). Mean hospital stay was 5.7±3.3 and 2.6±1.7 days for group 1 and 2 respectively (p = 0.0001). 95% of group 1 and 52% of group 2 required analgesia for a period larger than 24 hours (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: The data highlight the possible value of latest generation flexible URS as a treatment alternative to ESWL for <2 cm lower pole kidney stones. Furthermore, the results confirm the high success rate and relatively low morbidity of modern PCNL for lower pole stones >2 cm.

Research paper thumbnail of Screening of Antioxidant Potential of Selected Barks of Indian Medicinal Plants by Multiple in vitro Assays

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 2008

Objective To evaluate the antioxidant potential in herbal extract barks of five therapeutically i... more Objective To evaluate the antioxidant potential in herbal extract barks of five therapeutically important medicinal plants native to India, i.e. Crataeva nurvala Buch.-Ham., Buchanania lanzan Spreng., Aegle marmelos Corr., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC., and Cedrela toona Roxb. Methods Standardized aqueous alcoholic extracts from the selected barks having different target radicals, such as superoxide radical, nitric oxide, ABTS radical, and peroxidative decomposition of phospholipids, were prepared and screened by multiple in vitro assays. These extracts were also tested for total phenolic and tannin content and correlated with antioxidant capacity. Results Total phenolic and tannin contents were found to be the highest in C. nurvala (195 GAE mg/g and 218.3 mg/g CE). SOD mimetic activity was found to be the highest in Crataeva nurvula, although all barks showed activity more than 100 units/mg extract. Lipid peroxidation inhibitory potential was found to be the highest in Crataeva nurvala (83.4% inhibition of MDA formation/10 µg extract), and also showed a comparatively high NO quenching capacity (45.5% per 10 µg extract). The highest NO quenching potential was found in Aegle marmelos (47.3% per 10 µg extract). Cedrela toona showed the lowest LPO inhibitory potential and NO quenching capacity (50.5% and 30.5%, respectively). Buchanania lanzan, a medicinal plant extensively used for inflammatory disorders and Dalbergia sissoo also showed 72.5% and 69.1% LPO inhibitory potential/10 µg extract. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity ranged from 0.24 to 0.39 mmol/L TEAC/mg extract, indicating that all the barks tested had ABTS +· radical quenching capacity. Conclusion Bark of Crataeva nurvula has the highest antioxidant capacity and a positive correlation between antioxidant activity and their plendic content was found.

Research paper thumbnail of Sm