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Papers by Areen Ashkar
Biotechnology Advances, 2021
Oral administration is the most popular and patient-compliant route for drug delivery, though it ... more Oral administration is the most popular and patient-compliant route for drug delivery, though it raises great challenges due to the involvement of the gastro-intestine (GI) system and the drug bioavailability. Drug bioavailability is directly related to its ability to dissolve, transport and/or absorb through the physiological environment. A great number of drugs are characterized with low water solubility due to their hydrophobic nature, thus limiting their oral bioavailability and clinical use. Therefore, new strategies aiming to provide a protective shell through the GI system and improve drug solubility and permeability in the intestine were developed to overcome this limitation. Lipid-based systems have been proposed as good candidates for such a task owing to their hydrophobic nature which allows high drug loading, drug micellization ability during intestinal digestion due to the lipid content, and the vehicle physical protective environment. The use of edible lipids with high biocompatibility paves the bench-to-bedside translation. Four main types of structured lipid-based drug delivery systems differing in the physical state of the lipid phase have been described in the literature, namely emulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and oleogel-based particles. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of the different structured edible lipid-based oral delivery systems investigated up to date and emphasizes the contribution of each system component to the delivery performance, and the oral delivery path of lipids.
Food Hydrocolloids, 2019
Oil structuring has been proposed as a promising strategy for fat replacement due to its solid te... more Oil structuring has been proposed as a promising strategy for fat replacement due to its solid texture and high unsaturation content. Oil structuring can be achieved using various gelator types, which induce oil gelation via various mechanisms. This research investigated the relation between the different gelators and gelation mechanisms, i.e. crystalline or polymer network, to the mechanical and rheological properties as well as their responsiveness to digestive lipolysis under simulated physiological conditions. Three gelators were examined with canola oil; ethyl cellulose (EC), mono-and di-glycerides (E471), and β-sitosterol + γ-oryzanol mixture. Generally, EC produced harder gels compared to E471 and softer gels compared to β-sitosterol + γ-oryzanol mixture. Similar trend was observed in the storage modulus at gel state. Temperature sweep rheology experiments detected an increase in modulus at gel state and gel point temperature with gelator concentration. Simulated intestinal lipolysis revealed a significantly different lipolysis pattern for the different gelation mechanisms. More specifically, EC based oleogels show similar susceptibility to lipolysis regardless of the polymer concentration and molecular weight, while β-sitosterol + γ-oryzanol mixture concentration reduced the rate and extent of free fatty acid release. E471 based oleogels showed high lipolysis levels up to 90% that was increased with gelator concentration suggesting gelator hydrolysis. Overall, the findings suggest that gelator type and gelation mechanism can be harnessed to engineer the mechanical properties and susceptibility to digestive lipolysis of custom-made oleogels.
Food & Function
This research demonstrates the ability to direct the rate and extent of lipid hydrolysis of oleog... more This research demonstrates the ability to direct the rate and extent of lipid hydrolysis of oleogels using a combination of different structuring agents.
Biotechnology Advances, 2021
Oral administration is the most popular and patient-compliant route for drug delivery, though it ... more Oral administration is the most popular and patient-compliant route for drug delivery, though it raises great challenges due to the involvement of the gastro-intestine (GI) system and the drug bioavailability. Drug bioavailability is directly related to its ability to dissolve, transport and/or absorb through the physiological environment. A great number of drugs are characterized with low water solubility due to their hydrophobic nature, thus limiting their oral bioavailability and clinical use. Therefore, new strategies aiming to provide a protective shell through the GI system and improve drug solubility and permeability in the intestine were developed to overcome this limitation. Lipid-based systems have been proposed as good candidates for such a task owing to their hydrophobic nature which allows high drug loading, drug micellization ability during intestinal digestion due to the lipid content, and the vehicle physical protective environment. The use of edible lipids with high biocompatibility paves the bench-to-bedside translation. Four main types of structured lipid-based drug delivery systems differing in the physical state of the lipid phase have been described in the literature, namely emulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, and oleogel-based particles. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of the different structured edible lipid-based oral delivery systems investigated up to date and emphasizes the contribution of each system component to the delivery performance, and the oral delivery path of lipids.
Food Hydrocolloids, 2019
Oil structuring has been proposed as a promising strategy for fat replacement due to its solid te... more Oil structuring has been proposed as a promising strategy for fat replacement due to its solid texture and high unsaturation content. Oil structuring can be achieved using various gelator types, which induce oil gelation via various mechanisms. This research investigated the relation between the different gelators and gelation mechanisms, i.e. crystalline or polymer network, to the mechanical and rheological properties as well as their responsiveness to digestive lipolysis under simulated physiological conditions. Three gelators were examined with canola oil; ethyl cellulose (EC), mono-and di-glycerides (E471), and β-sitosterol + γ-oryzanol mixture. Generally, EC produced harder gels compared to E471 and softer gels compared to β-sitosterol + γ-oryzanol mixture. Similar trend was observed in the storage modulus at gel state. Temperature sweep rheology experiments detected an increase in modulus at gel state and gel point temperature with gelator concentration. Simulated intestinal lipolysis revealed a significantly different lipolysis pattern for the different gelation mechanisms. More specifically, EC based oleogels show similar susceptibility to lipolysis regardless of the polymer concentration and molecular weight, while β-sitosterol + γ-oryzanol mixture concentration reduced the rate and extent of free fatty acid release. E471 based oleogels showed high lipolysis levels up to 90% that was increased with gelator concentration suggesting gelator hydrolysis. Overall, the findings suggest that gelator type and gelation mechanism can be harnessed to engineer the mechanical properties and susceptibility to digestive lipolysis of custom-made oleogels.
Food & Function
This research demonstrates the ability to direct the rate and extent of lipid hydrolysis of oleog... more This research demonstrates the ability to direct the rate and extent of lipid hydrolysis of oleogels using a combination of different structuring agents.