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Papers by Arif Malik

RADS Journal of Biological Research & Applied Sciences, 2021

Background: Pancreatic β-cells for insulin secretion are the main regulators of mammalian metabol... more Background: Pancreatic β-cells for insulin secretion are the main regulators of mammalian metabolic process. Diabetes and hyperglycemia make the patient dependable on exogenous insulin, which is due to the lack of functional β-cells. Oxidative stress also play an important role in the aggravation of this pathological condition. Recent insights into the development of β-cells along with the pluripotent stem cells discovery have opened new ways to generate β-cells that can help in the screening of various drugs and also in the transplantation therapy since, these pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) can develop in any type of cell, due to which any defective tissue can be substituted. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate current strategies which can help to control diabetes mellitus. Methodology: Methodological approach of this review was based on the comparison of theoretical studies and researches related to diabetes mellitus. Results: In vitro or in vivo repli...

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017

Purpose:To use in silico docking analysis and ADMET prediction of silibinin and glycyrrhetic acid... more Purpose:To use in silico docking analysis and ADMET prediction of silibinin and glycyrrhetic acid to determine their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties as therapeutic molecules against inflammatory disorders. Methods: The study utilized plant-derived compounds with known anti-inflammatory activity. Three important enzymes, including COX-2, 5β-reductase and phospholipase A2, that are involved in the mediation of inflammatory processes, were chosen as protein targets for the ligands (silibinin and glycyrrhetic acid). Q-Site Finder and admetSAR were employed for active site prediction and ADMET profile, respectively. Furthermore, protein-ligand complexes were visually inspected by LigPlot and Chimera. Results: Post-docking analysis confirmed strong interaction of silibinin and glycyrrhetic acid with their respective targets. ADMET profiles for both compounds were very promising. Both ligands (silibinin and glycyrrhetic acid) showed strong binding energy for all three target proteins (-7.5 to-10.9 kcal/mol). Moreover, Asp347, Gln350, Gly354, Gln192, His351, Ser579 and Phe580 were the common interacting residues in the target proteins for both ligands. Conclusion:Glycyrrhetic acid possesses superior ADMET profile to silibinin. Hydrophobic interactions between the two ligands (glycyrrhetinic acid and silibinin) and the three target proteins (COX-2, phospholipase A2 and 5β-reductase) are significant.

International Journal of Advanced Research, Dec 31, 2017

Myocardial Infarction, 2019

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The role of cardiac markers in th... more Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The role of cardiac markers in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of patients with chest pain is vital. Patients with elevated cardiac troponin levels but negative CK-MB who were formerly diagnosed with unstable angina or minor myocardial injury are now reclassified as non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) even in the absence of diagnostic ECG changes. CK-MB is both a sensitive and specific marker for myocardial infarction. Cardiac troponin T is a cardio-specific, highly sensitive marker for myocardial damage. Cardiac troponin I is a contractile protein exclusively present in the cardiac muscle. The absolute cardiospecificity of cTnI allows the diagnosis of myocardial infarction distinct from muscle lesions and non-cardiac surgery. In 2000, the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology redefined AMI with a particular advocacy on troponin. The 2002/2007 American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) Guideline Update for the management of these patients strongly recommend to include cTnI. Specifically, with rare exception, the diagnosis cannot be made in the absence of elevated biomarkers of cardiac injury.

Bioengineered, 2021

ABSTRACT The Vaccinium genus comprises more than 126 genera of perennial flowering plants that ar... more ABSTRACT The Vaccinium genus comprises more than 126 genera of perennial flowering plants that are commonly adapted to poor and acidic soils or epiphytic environments. Their molecular and genomic characterization is a result of the recent advent in next-generation sequencing technology. In the current research, extracts were prepared in different media, such as petroleum ether, methanol and ethanol. An extract of Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) was used at a dose of 200–400 mg/kg by weight (B.wt). Levels of oxidative stress markers, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured. A histopathological study of six vital organs in rats was also conducted. The results indicated that the antioxidant levels were lower in the group given only ethylene oxide (EtO) but higher in the groups receiving cranberry extract as a treatment. Major improvements were also observed in stress markers such as advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and MDA following cranberry treatment. Histopathological changes induced by EtO were observed in the heart, kidney, liver, lung, stomach and testis and were reversed following cranberry treatment. The major toxic effects of EtO were oxidative stress and organ degeneration, as observed from various stress markers and histopathological changes. Our study showed that this extract contains strong antioxidant properties, which may contribute to the amelioration of the observed toxic effects. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 2020

Aims: To identify variables having a critical role in prostate cancer patients experiencing osteo... more Aims: To identify variables having a critical role in prostate cancer patients experiencing osteometastasis. Background: Prostatic carcinoma is a multifactorial complex disorder that exhibits an increased propensity to develop bone metastasis. An interplay of inflammatory and bone remodeling parameters promotes the formation of pre-metastatic niches in bones of patients, which could render them more vulnerable to skeletal disabilities. Objective: To evaluate the multi-dynamic inter-relationship of circulating variables in prostate cancer patients experiencing osteo-metastasis. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven (n=57) men with clinically confirmed prostate cancer, fifty-nine (n=59) with skeletal metastases, and one hundred (n=100) healthy subjects i.e., men aging from 53-84 years with no clinical evidence of prostate were recruited from the Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Informed consent was obtained, and a venous blood sample was drawn and stored at -70oC until assayed. Levels o...

The Professional Medical Journal, 2018

Objectives: Assessment of upstream levels of lipid peroxidation and DNAdamage regulating the deve... more Objectives: Assessment of upstream levels of lipid peroxidation and DNAdamage regulating the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Data Source: All the sampleswere collected from Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study.Period: Two years from 18-09-2014 to 24-10-2016. Setting: The Institute of Molecular Biologyand Biotechnology (IMBB) in The University of Lahore-Pakistan. Material and Methods:Blood, saliva and synovial fluid of fifty (n=50) individuals diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritisand fifty (n=50) age-sex matched controls were added in current study. Levels of MDA weredetermined spectrophotometrically while the concentrations of isoprostanes, 8-OHdG and4-HNE were measured by the help of commercially available Elisa Kit. Results: Levels oflipid peroxidation products including MDA (μmol/ml), isoprostanes (pg/ml), 4-HNE (μmol/ml)and DNA damage in the form of 8-OHdG (pg/ml) were significantly high (p<0.015, p<0.022,p<0.004 and p<0.036) in ...

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONOutbreak of the novel COVID-19 infection identifies both causative agents tha... more ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONOutbreak of the novel COVID-19 infection identifies both causative agents that threaten global pandemic in 2003 and 2011. It is an enveloped virus with spike (S) protein attached that facilitates its receptor binding on the surface. Although it has brought about the global interest for the researchers and medical practitioner in the identification of potential targets that may be addressed in order to cope up with the situation. In the current study potential role of cytokines and related inflammatory markers have been identified that interplays in the progression of disease in COVID-19 patients.MATERIALS AND METHODSCurrent study substitutes hundred and fifty (n=150) patients with novel-COVID-19 and hundred (n=100) healthy controls. After getting informed consent serum samples of the participants were collected and analyzed for their significance in the disease progression. Levels of Interleukins i.e., (IL- 1,6,8,10,11) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) wer...

The current study focuses on psychological stress level among doctors, estimated bycalculating an... more The current study focuses on psychological stress level among doctors, estimated bycalculating anxiety score. For the assessment of anxiety levels, the GAD-7 scale was used.Chi-Square test and Odd ratios were calculated among the exposed and not exposed groupsinvolved in the management of COVID-19 patients. Results revealed increased anxiety levelsin the exposed group. Besides, the availability of personal protective equipment’s and stressfrom the family to quit the job were the substantial contributing factors that increasedanxiety. Based on the results, it is proposed that the concern administrative authorities shouldconsider these findings to facilitate medical healthcare professionals.

THE PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2016

Background: Atherosclerosis, with chief contribution of vascular injury, inflammation and oxidati... more Background: Atherosclerosis, with chief contribution of vascular injury, inflammation and oxidative stress is the major cause of majority of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding of its pathophysiology provides initial prognosis, designing of new therapeutics for its prevention and different treatment protocols. Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the role of oxidative and inflammatory markers of medical importance in the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal, 2020

In present study the Effects of different doses of ovaprim on induced spawning activities of Rita... more In present study the Effects of different doses of ovaprim on induced spawning activities of Rita rita were observed with an aim to standardize the dose of ovaprim for successful breeding. In the trial experiment, the females of Rita rita were treated with ovaprim at the rate of 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0ml/kg body weight and males of Rita rita in all the cases were treated at the rate of 0.4ml/kg. The doses of ovaprim at the rates of 0.5, 0.8, 1.0 ml/kg body weight resulted in 0%, 100% and 100% ovulation respectively. In case of injection of ovaprim at the rate of 0.8ml/kg, the fertilization rate was observed to be about 70% and hatching rate was 58%, which occurred within 20-25 hours after fertilization at water temperature of 270C-290C. In case of injection of ovaprim at the rate of 1.0ml/kg, 18% fertilization rate and 5% hatching rate was observed. The doses of ovaprim at the rates of 0.8ml/kg and 0.4ml/kg body weight for female and male Rita rita respectively was found to be satisfactor...

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021

With the growing era, there is tremendous need to produce high potential antimicrobial drugs and ... more With the growing era, there is tremendous need to produce high potential antimicrobial drugs and medicines from various herbaceous plants and natural resources has been increasing due to increasing multiple drug resistance in pathogens. An experiment was performed to know about antimicrobial activities of various plant extracts. These activities were tested by using agar diffusion method. The bacterial as well as fungal strains were collected and were cultured on agar plates. After that these plates were left in incubator for 24 hours at 37°C to develop zones clearly all round the plant extracts. The activities of bacteria and fungi were determined by using inhibition diameter zones. The clear inhibition zones were found against bacterial strains in study. Antimicrobial activity of acetone, n-hexane and water extracts viz. Acacia nilotica and Artemissia vulgaris tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtils and E. coli as well as Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum. A...

Biomedical Research, 2018

Background: Apart from different cancer types in females, breast cancer falls among frequent canc... more Background: Apart from different cancer types in females, breast cancer falls among frequent cancers all over the world. The data from the current studies shows that females with advanced stages of breast cancer also prone to Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders (AITDs). Methodology: Hundred breast cancer patients (Stage-III) with palpable thyroid nodule in the age group of 30-75 y were eligible for inclusion in the study. Hundred age and sex-matched clinically apparently healthy individuals were included as controls. FT3, FT4, TSH, TPOAb, TgAb, TSHr Ab, prolactin and estradiol were estimated by using ELISA kit method. Serum Protein-Bound Iodine (PBI) and selenium were estimated by using a flow injection hydride generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometric (AAS) method. Results: The mean age and weight for diseased group were 58.36 ± 11.78 y and 74.96 ± 12.66 kg. The decreased levels (3.73 ± 0.189 pmol/L) of T3 were observed in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients as compared to controls (4.72 ± 0.24 pmol/L). Higher levels of T4 (17.86 ± 4.98 pmol/L) were recorded in patients as compared to controls (10.11± 1.64 pmol/L). The serum TSH levels in the breast cancer patients were raised (3.54 ± 0.26 mIU/L) in contrary to control group (1.9 ± 0.134 mIU/L). Significantly higher levels of Thyroglobulin Antibodies (TgAb), Thyro-Peroxidase Antibodies (TPOAb) and Thyrotropin Stimulating Hormone receptor Antibodies (TSHrAb) were recorded in breast cancer patients (62.07 ± 6.94 pmol/L, 24.1 ± 6.81 and 3.1 ± 0.43 IU/L pmol/L) as compared to controls respectively. The levels of iodine and selenium in patients were reduced (32.03 ± 4.76 ng/ml and 51.03 ± 2.13 mlU/L) as compared to the controls. Highly significant higher serum levels of prolactin (35.09 ± 4.76) were observed in diseases group as compared to controls (7.14 ± 1.57 pg/ml). Serum estrogen levels in patients were 10.47 ± 1.67 pg/ml, while in healthy individuals they were 6.55 ± 0.88 pg/ml, which shows statistically highly significant profile between the two groups. Conclusion: The present study show an association in between breast cancer and thyroid disorders, as thyroid hormone profile regulates breast cancer initiation. Therefore, these biomarkers can be used in prognosis i.e., in management and progression of breast cancer.

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2017

The present study was designed with the objectives to assess heavy metals' concentration in Hudia... more The present study was designed with the objectives to assess heavy metals' concentration in Hudiara drain water and investigation of the concentration of heavy metals in different fodder crops grown with this drain water and the determination of heavy metals in milk of cattles grazing these contaminated fodder crops. A survey was conducted and ten different sites were selected along Hudiara drain after entering Lahore. Five water samples and three samples of crops from a each site. The samples were processed, stored and then analyzed for heavy metals like Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Zinc, Iron, Copper and manganese. Lead pollution was not found, whereas, Cadmium, Chromium and Nickel contamination was shown in Hudiara drain water. Similarly, Zinc pollution was not found in Hudiara drain water regarding irrigation and Iron, Copper and Manganese contamination was present in Water samples. Most of the fodder crops samples were contaminated with all heavy metals having levels of heavy metals above the Recommended Concentrations. It is noted that Pb +2 of Hudiara drain and irrigated Pb +2 of fodder crop were in positive correlation and negative correlation between Pb +2 and Cr +2 , Ni +2 , Cu +2. There is positive correlation between Cd +2 and Cr +2 , Fe +2 and also negative correlation between

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2015

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder of pluripotent stem c... more Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder of pluripotent stem cells, caused by reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, t(9;22)(q34;q11), known as the Philadelphia chromosome. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 CML patients were recruited in this study. Complete blood counts of all CML patients were performed to find out their total leukocytes, hemoglobin and platelets. FISH was performed for the detection of BCR-ABL fusion and cryptogenic tests using bone marrow samples were performed for the conformation of Ph (9;22)(q34;q11) and variant translocation mechanisms. Results: In cytogenetic analysis we observed that out of 51 CML patients 40 (88.9%) were Ph positive and 4 (8.88%) had Ph negative chromosomes. Mean values of WBC 134.5 10 3 /µl, hemoglobin 10.44 mg/dl, and platelets 288.6 10 3 /µl were observed in this study. Conclusions: In this study, Ph positive translocation between chromosome (9:22)(q34;q11) were observed in 40 (88.9%) CML patients.

The Professional Medical Journal, 2018

Background: Maternal asthma throughout pregnancy unfavorably alters pregnancy outcomes but evalua... more Background: Maternal asthma throughout pregnancy unfavorably alters pregnancy outcomes but evaluation of the causes, and the ability to assess interventions, is restricted having inadequate knowledge of complex interactions between underlying inflammation, oxidativestress and structural changes in asthmatic airways. Methods: Total 100 patients were included in study. Fifty ascontrols. Clinically diagnosed asthmatic pregnant females coming to GyneaUnit of Jinnah hospital were included.Females on any medication or suffering from any congenital disease were excluded out of the current study. Matrix metalloproteinase's, TNF-α, 8OHdG, 4-HNE and Isoprostanes are measured by ELISA. Results: Results shows that MMP-7 and MMP-9 have positive correlation with proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α but MMP-8 have significantly positive correlation with it (TNF-α Vs. MMP-8 r=0.946. On the other hand MMP-7 has significant correlation besides other MMPS (MMP-7 Vs.8OHdG r=0.719) indicating a positive correlation between proteinases and marker of DNA damage indicating epithelial shedding in case of Asthma. Conclusion: The sole objective of effective asthma management in pregnancy is to prevent exacerbations. Antioxidants should be added in diet so to ovoid oxidative stress caused to airway epithelial and structural cells and MMP inhibitors may be used as therapeutic agents as well as measuring MMP levels as diagnostic or prognostic markers.

Handbook of Halophytes, 2020

The present world population is over 7.7 billion and is growing by the minute. The need to fulfil... more The present world population is over 7.7 billion and is growing by the minute. The need to fulfill demands for food, animal fodder, and industrial raw materials is one of the biggest challenges of this century, as is the increase in global pollution. As limited land and water resources are available, strategies are required to use these resources very carefully. More than 1 billion hectares of land worldwide are salt affected and barren. These lands are poor in fertility and unfit for conventional agricultural crop production. Irrigation without proper drainage arrangements causes waterlogging and secondary salinization. The scientific literature indicates that the groundwater of saline lands is brackish and injurious for plant production. To utilize salt-affected wasteland under a sustainable productive system by using brackish groundwater, the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) in Faisalabad, Pakistan, has developed "biosaline agriculture technology" for economic utilization of salt-affected wasteland and brackish groundwater for self-sustaining plant production. This chapter describes how salt-affected wasteland can be reclaimed by use of salt-tolerant plants (halophytes) of high economic value. This technology has been demonstrated at the NIAB's Biosaline Research Station located near the village of Pakka Anna in a rural area 50 km away from Faisalabad. At the station, saline agroforestry, cultivation of forage grasses as fodder for grazing animals, fruit trees, medicinal plants and other nonconventional crops, fish aquaculture technology, honeybee culture, charcoal production from waste wood, extraction of essential oil from Eucalyptus, etc. are demonstrated. All of these technologies are discussed briefly in this chapter.

Journal of Cell and Molecular Research, 2016

Diabetes is one of the alarming health problem in Pakistan. According to international diabetes f... more Diabetes is one of the alarming health problem in Pakistan. According to international diabetes federation (IDF), about 7 million Pakistanis are victims of diabetes accounting a total of 3% population. Most of Pakistanis still prefer to use herbal medicines for almost all of their health issues. Aegle marmelos (commonly known as the bael tree) is highly reputed ayurvedic medicinal tree as it has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. In this pre-clinical work, 32 mice were induced for diabetes via injecting alloxan intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight and mice having 104-170 mg/dl sugar level were considered diabetic. All mice were divided into two groups, each group with three sub-groups containing normal, control and diabetic mice. One group was given normal feed whereas other group was given a food containing Aegle marmelos leaf extract at 300 mg/kg body weight as an effective dose against alloxan induced hyperglycemia. The experiments lasted for 60 days...

Journal of Plant Pathology, 2021

Journal of Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis, 2017

Various unprecedented anti-tumor potential targets that robustly target cancer cells while sparin... more Various unprecedented anti-tumor potential targets that robustly target cancer cells while sparing normal cells have been produced by biomedical research in cancer therapeutic intervention for interrupting disease progression and their cure. Stem cells characterize an accessible cell source for novel cell based clinical therapies by inhibiting tumor progression signalling pathways. They carry distinctive characteristics of isolation and migration to tissue inflammation site, inherited modifiability and protein expression. Stem cells are also used in immune-reconstitution and tissue regeneration. Implication of different types of stem cells as an attractive candidate for targeted delivery of anti-neoplastic agents has emerged as a promising field in anticancer therapy. Mutual interaction between cancer cells and stem cells results in effective and safer clinical therapy for tumors. Keeping in view, this review highlights the potential role of stem cells in the progression of tumor metastasis and also summarizes the role of different signaling pathways in carcinogenesis and their involvement in disease treatment. It also focuses on the current advances in stem cells practice in therapeutics of cancer.

RADS Journal of Biological Research & Applied Sciences, 2021

Background: Pancreatic β-cells for insulin secretion are the main regulators of mammalian metabol... more Background: Pancreatic β-cells for insulin secretion are the main regulators of mammalian metabolic process. Diabetes and hyperglycemia make the patient dependable on exogenous insulin, which is due to the lack of functional β-cells. Oxidative stress also play an important role in the aggravation of this pathological condition. Recent insights into the development of β-cells along with the pluripotent stem cells discovery have opened new ways to generate β-cells that can help in the screening of various drugs and also in the transplantation therapy since, these pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) can develop in any type of cell, due to which any defective tissue can be substituted. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate current strategies which can help to control diabetes mellitus. Methodology: Methodological approach of this review was based on the comparison of theoretical studies and researches related to diabetes mellitus. Results: In vitro or in vivo repli...

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017

Purpose:To use in silico docking analysis and ADMET prediction of silibinin and glycyrrhetic acid... more Purpose:To use in silico docking analysis and ADMET prediction of silibinin and glycyrrhetic acid to determine their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties as therapeutic molecules against inflammatory disorders. Methods: The study utilized plant-derived compounds with known anti-inflammatory activity. Three important enzymes, including COX-2, 5β-reductase and phospholipase A2, that are involved in the mediation of inflammatory processes, were chosen as protein targets for the ligands (silibinin and glycyrrhetic acid). Q-Site Finder and admetSAR were employed for active site prediction and ADMET profile, respectively. Furthermore, protein-ligand complexes were visually inspected by LigPlot and Chimera. Results: Post-docking analysis confirmed strong interaction of silibinin and glycyrrhetic acid with their respective targets. ADMET profiles for both compounds were very promising. Both ligands (silibinin and glycyrrhetic acid) showed strong binding energy for all three target proteins (-7.5 to-10.9 kcal/mol). Moreover, Asp347, Gln350, Gly354, Gln192, His351, Ser579 and Phe580 were the common interacting residues in the target proteins for both ligands. Conclusion:Glycyrrhetic acid possesses superior ADMET profile to silibinin. Hydrophobic interactions between the two ligands (glycyrrhetinic acid and silibinin) and the three target proteins (COX-2, phospholipase A2 and 5β-reductase) are significant.

International Journal of Advanced Research, Dec 31, 2017

Myocardial Infarction, 2019

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The role of cardiac markers in th... more Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The role of cardiac markers in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of patients with chest pain is vital. Patients with elevated cardiac troponin levels but negative CK-MB who were formerly diagnosed with unstable angina or minor myocardial injury are now reclassified as non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) even in the absence of diagnostic ECG changes. CK-MB is both a sensitive and specific marker for myocardial infarction. Cardiac troponin T is a cardio-specific, highly sensitive marker for myocardial damage. Cardiac troponin I is a contractile protein exclusively present in the cardiac muscle. The absolute cardiospecificity of cTnI allows the diagnosis of myocardial infarction distinct from muscle lesions and non-cardiac surgery. In 2000, the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology redefined AMI with a particular advocacy on troponin. The 2002/2007 American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) Guideline Update for the management of these patients strongly recommend to include cTnI. Specifically, with rare exception, the diagnosis cannot be made in the absence of elevated biomarkers of cardiac injury.

Bioengineered, 2021

ABSTRACT The Vaccinium genus comprises more than 126 genera of perennial flowering plants that ar... more ABSTRACT The Vaccinium genus comprises more than 126 genera of perennial flowering plants that are commonly adapted to poor and acidic soils or epiphytic environments. Their molecular and genomic characterization is a result of the recent advent in next-generation sequencing technology. In the current research, extracts were prepared in different media, such as petroleum ether, methanol and ethanol. An extract of Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) was used at a dose of 200–400 mg/kg by weight (B.wt). Levels of oxidative stress markers, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured. A histopathological study of six vital organs in rats was also conducted. The results indicated that the antioxidant levels were lower in the group given only ethylene oxide (EtO) but higher in the groups receiving cranberry extract as a treatment. Major improvements were also observed in stress markers such as advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and MDA following cranberry treatment. Histopathological changes induced by EtO were observed in the heart, kidney, liver, lung, stomach and testis and were reversed following cranberry treatment. The major toxic effects of EtO were oxidative stress and organ degeneration, as observed from various stress markers and histopathological changes. Our study showed that this extract contains strong antioxidant properties, which may contribute to the amelioration of the observed toxic effects. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 2020

Aims: To identify variables having a critical role in prostate cancer patients experiencing osteo... more Aims: To identify variables having a critical role in prostate cancer patients experiencing osteometastasis. Background: Prostatic carcinoma is a multifactorial complex disorder that exhibits an increased propensity to develop bone metastasis. An interplay of inflammatory and bone remodeling parameters promotes the formation of pre-metastatic niches in bones of patients, which could render them more vulnerable to skeletal disabilities. Objective: To evaluate the multi-dynamic inter-relationship of circulating variables in prostate cancer patients experiencing osteo-metastasis. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven (n=57) men with clinically confirmed prostate cancer, fifty-nine (n=59) with skeletal metastases, and one hundred (n=100) healthy subjects i.e., men aging from 53-84 years with no clinical evidence of prostate were recruited from the Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Informed consent was obtained, and a venous blood sample was drawn and stored at -70oC until assayed. Levels o...

The Professional Medical Journal, 2018

Objectives: Assessment of upstream levels of lipid peroxidation and DNAdamage regulating the deve... more Objectives: Assessment of upstream levels of lipid peroxidation and DNAdamage regulating the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Data Source: All the sampleswere collected from Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Study Design: Comparative cross sectional study.Period: Two years from 18-09-2014 to 24-10-2016. Setting: The Institute of Molecular Biologyand Biotechnology (IMBB) in The University of Lahore-Pakistan. Material and Methods:Blood, saliva and synovial fluid of fifty (n=50) individuals diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritisand fifty (n=50) age-sex matched controls were added in current study. Levels of MDA weredetermined spectrophotometrically while the concentrations of isoprostanes, 8-OHdG and4-HNE were measured by the help of commercially available Elisa Kit. Results: Levels oflipid peroxidation products including MDA (μmol/ml), isoprostanes (pg/ml), 4-HNE (μmol/ml)and DNA damage in the form of 8-OHdG (pg/ml) were significantly high (p<0.015, p<0.022,p<0.004 and p<0.036) in ...

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONOutbreak of the novel COVID-19 infection identifies both causative agents tha... more ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONOutbreak of the novel COVID-19 infection identifies both causative agents that threaten global pandemic in 2003 and 2011. It is an enveloped virus with spike (S) protein attached that facilitates its receptor binding on the surface. Although it has brought about the global interest for the researchers and medical practitioner in the identification of potential targets that may be addressed in order to cope up with the situation. In the current study potential role of cytokines and related inflammatory markers have been identified that interplays in the progression of disease in COVID-19 patients.MATERIALS AND METHODSCurrent study substitutes hundred and fifty (n=150) patients with novel-COVID-19 and hundred (n=100) healthy controls. After getting informed consent serum samples of the participants were collected and analyzed for their significance in the disease progression. Levels of Interleukins i.e., (IL- 1,6,8,10,11) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) wer...

The current study focuses on psychological stress level among doctors, estimated bycalculating an... more The current study focuses on psychological stress level among doctors, estimated bycalculating anxiety score. For the assessment of anxiety levels, the GAD-7 scale was used.Chi-Square test and Odd ratios were calculated among the exposed and not exposed groupsinvolved in the management of COVID-19 patients. Results revealed increased anxiety levelsin the exposed group. Besides, the availability of personal protective equipment’s and stressfrom the family to quit the job were the substantial contributing factors that increasedanxiety. Based on the results, it is proposed that the concern administrative authorities shouldconsider these findings to facilitate medical healthcare professionals.

THE PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2016

Background: Atherosclerosis, with chief contribution of vascular injury, inflammation and oxidati... more Background: Atherosclerosis, with chief contribution of vascular injury, inflammation and oxidative stress is the major cause of majority of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding of its pathophysiology provides initial prognosis, designing of new therapeutics for its prevention and different treatment protocols. Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the role of oxidative and inflammatory markers of medical importance in the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal, 2020

In present study the Effects of different doses of ovaprim on induced spawning activities of Rita... more In present study the Effects of different doses of ovaprim on induced spawning activities of Rita rita were observed with an aim to standardize the dose of ovaprim for successful breeding. In the trial experiment, the females of Rita rita were treated with ovaprim at the rate of 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0ml/kg body weight and males of Rita rita in all the cases were treated at the rate of 0.4ml/kg. The doses of ovaprim at the rates of 0.5, 0.8, 1.0 ml/kg body weight resulted in 0%, 100% and 100% ovulation respectively. In case of injection of ovaprim at the rate of 0.8ml/kg, the fertilization rate was observed to be about 70% and hatching rate was 58%, which occurred within 20-25 hours after fertilization at water temperature of 270C-290C. In case of injection of ovaprim at the rate of 1.0ml/kg, 18% fertilization rate and 5% hatching rate was observed. The doses of ovaprim at the rates of 0.8ml/kg and 0.4ml/kg body weight for female and male Rita rita respectively was found to be satisfactor...

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021

With the growing era, there is tremendous need to produce high potential antimicrobial drugs and ... more With the growing era, there is tremendous need to produce high potential antimicrobial drugs and medicines from various herbaceous plants and natural resources has been increasing due to increasing multiple drug resistance in pathogens. An experiment was performed to know about antimicrobial activities of various plant extracts. These activities were tested by using agar diffusion method. The bacterial as well as fungal strains were collected and were cultured on agar plates. After that these plates were left in incubator for 24 hours at 37°C to develop zones clearly all round the plant extracts. The activities of bacteria and fungi were determined by using inhibition diameter zones. The clear inhibition zones were found against bacterial strains in study. Antimicrobial activity of acetone, n-hexane and water extracts viz. Acacia nilotica and Artemissia vulgaris tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtils and E. coli as well as Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum. A...

Biomedical Research, 2018

Background: Apart from different cancer types in females, breast cancer falls among frequent canc... more Background: Apart from different cancer types in females, breast cancer falls among frequent cancers all over the world. The data from the current studies shows that females with advanced stages of breast cancer also prone to Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders (AITDs). Methodology: Hundred breast cancer patients (Stage-III) with palpable thyroid nodule in the age group of 30-75 y were eligible for inclusion in the study. Hundred age and sex-matched clinically apparently healthy individuals were included as controls. FT3, FT4, TSH, TPOAb, TgAb, TSHr Ab, prolactin and estradiol were estimated by using ELISA kit method. Serum Protein-Bound Iodine (PBI) and selenium were estimated by using a flow injection hydride generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometric (AAS) method. Results: The mean age and weight for diseased group were 58.36 ± 11.78 y and 74.96 ± 12.66 kg. The decreased levels (3.73 ± 0.189 pmol/L) of T3 were observed in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients as compared to controls (4.72 ± 0.24 pmol/L). Higher levels of T4 (17.86 ± 4.98 pmol/L) were recorded in patients as compared to controls (10.11± 1.64 pmol/L). The serum TSH levels in the breast cancer patients were raised (3.54 ± 0.26 mIU/L) in contrary to control group (1.9 ± 0.134 mIU/L). Significantly higher levels of Thyroglobulin Antibodies (TgAb), Thyro-Peroxidase Antibodies (TPOAb) and Thyrotropin Stimulating Hormone receptor Antibodies (TSHrAb) were recorded in breast cancer patients (62.07 ± 6.94 pmol/L, 24.1 ± 6.81 and 3.1 ± 0.43 IU/L pmol/L) as compared to controls respectively. The levels of iodine and selenium in patients were reduced (32.03 ± 4.76 ng/ml and 51.03 ± 2.13 mlU/L) as compared to the controls. Highly significant higher serum levels of prolactin (35.09 ± 4.76) were observed in diseases group as compared to controls (7.14 ± 1.57 pg/ml). Serum estrogen levels in patients were 10.47 ± 1.67 pg/ml, while in healthy individuals they were 6.55 ± 0.88 pg/ml, which shows statistically highly significant profile between the two groups. Conclusion: The present study show an association in between breast cancer and thyroid disorders, as thyroid hormone profile regulates breast cancer initiation. Therefore, these biomarkers can be used in prognosis i.e., in management and progression of breast cancer.

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science, 2017

The present study was designed with the objectives to assess heavy metals' concentration in Hudia... more The present study was designed with the objectives to assess heavy metals' concentration in Hudiara drain water and investigation of the concentration of heavy metals in different fodder crops grown with this drain water and the determination of heavy metals in milk of cattles grazing these contaminated fodder crops. A survey was conducted and ten different sites were selected along Hudiara drain after entering Lahore. Five water samples and three samples of crops from a each site. The samples were processed, stored and then analyzed for heavy metals like Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Zinc, Iron, Copper and manganese. Lead pollution was not found, whereas, Cadmium, Chromium and Nickel contamination was shown in Hudiara drain water. Similarly, Zinc pollution was not found in Hudiara drain water regarding irrigation and Iron, Copper and Manganese contamination was present in Water samples. Most of the fodder crops samples were contaminated with all heavy metals having levels of heavy metals above the Recommended Concentrations. It is noted that Pb +2 of Hudiara drain and irrigated Pb +2 of fodder crop were in positive correlation and negative correlation between Pb +2 and Cr +2 , Ni +2 , Cu +2. There is positive correlation between Cd +2 and Cr +2 , Fe +2 and also negative correlation between

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2015

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder of pluripotent stem c... more Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder of pluripotent stem cells, caused by reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, t(9;22)(q34;q11), known as the Philadelphia chromosome. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 CML patients were recruited in this study. Complete blood counts of all CML patients were performed to find out their total leukocytes, hemoglobin and platelets. FISH was performed for the detection of BCR-ABL fusion and cryptogenic tests using bone marrow samples were performed for the conformation of Ph (9;22)(q34;q11) and variant translocation mechanisms. Results: In cytogenetic analysis we observed that out of 51 CML patients 40 (88.9%) were Ph positive and 4 (8.88%) had Ph negative chromosomes. Mean values of WBC 134.5 10 3 /µl, hemoglobin 10.44 mg/dl, and platelets 288.6 10 3 /µl were observed in this study. Conclusions: In this study, Ph positive translocation between chromosome (9:22)(q34;q11) were observed in 40 (88.9%) CML patients.

The Professional Medical Journal, 2018

Background: Maternal asthma throughout pregnancy unfavorably alters pregnancy outcomes but evalua... more Background: Maternal asthma throughout pregnancy unfavorably alters pregnancy outcomes but evaluation of the causes, and the ability to assess interventions, is restricted having inadequate knowledge of complex interactions between underlying inflammation, oxidativestress and structural changes in asthmatic airways. Methods: Total 100 patients were included in study. Fifty ascontrols. Clinically diagnosed asthmatic pregnant females coming to GyneaUnit of Jinnah hospital were included.Females on any medication or suffering from any congenital disease were excluded out of the current study. Matrix metalloproteinase's, TNF-α, 8OHdG, 4-HNE and Isoprostanes are measured by ELISA. Results: Results shows that MMP-7 and MMP-9 have positive correlation with proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α but MMP-8 have significantly positive correlation with it (TNF-α Vs. MMP-8 r=0.946. On the other hand MMP-7 has significant correlation besides other MMPS (MMP-7 Vs.8OHdG r=0.719) indicating a positive correlation between proteinases and marker of DNA damage indicating epithelial shedding in case of Asthma. Conclusion: The sole objective of effective asthma management in pregnancy is to prevent exacerbations. Antioxidants should be added in diet so to ovoid oxidative stress caused to airway epithelial and structural cells and MMP inhibitors may be used as therapeutic agents as well as measuring MMP levels as diagnostic or prognostic markers.

Handbook of Halophytes, 2020

The present world population is over 7.7 billion and is growing by the minute. The need to fulfil... more The present world population is over 7.7 billion and is growing by the minute. The need to fulfill demands for food, animal fodder, and industrial raw materials is one of the biggest challenges of this century, as is the increase in global pollution. As limited land and water resources are available, strategies are required to use these resources very carefully. More than 1 billion hectares of land worldwide are salt affected and barren. These lands are poor in fertility and unfit for conventional agricultural crop production. Irrigation without proper drainage arrangements causes waterlogging and secondary salinization. The scientific literature indicates that the groundwater of saline lands is brackish and injurious for plant production. To utilize salt-affected wasteland under a sustainable productive system by using brackish groundwater, the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) in Faisalabad, Pakistan, has developed "biosaline agriculture technology" for economic utilization of salt-affected wasteland and brackish groundwater for self-sustaining plant production. This chapter describes how salt-affected wasteland can be reclaimed by use of salt-tolerant plants (halophytes) of high economic value. This technology has been demonstrated at the NIAB's Biosaline Research Station located near the village of Pakka Anna in a rural area 50 km away from Faisalabad. At the station, saline agroforestry, cultivation of forage grasses as fodder for grazing animals, fruit trees, medicinal plants and other nonconventional crops, fish aquaculture technology, honeybee culture, charcoal production from waste wood, extraction of essential oil from Eucalyptus, etc. are demonstrated. All of these technologies are discussed briefly in this chapter.

Journal of Cell and Molecular Research, 2016

Diabetes is one of the alarming health problem in Pakistan. According to international diabetes f... more Diabetes is one of the alarming health problem in Pakistan. According to international diabetes federation (IDF), about 7 million Pakistanis are victims of diabetes accounting a total of 3% population. Most of Pakistanis still prefer to use herbal medicines for almost all of their health issues. Aegle marmelos (commonly known as the bael tree) is highly reputed ayurvedic medicinal tree as it has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. In this pre-clinical work, 32 mice were induced for diabetes via injecting alloxan intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight and mice having 104-170 mg/dl sugar level were considered diabetic. All mice were divided into two groups, each group with three sub-groups containing normal, control and diabetic mice. One group was given normal feed whereas other group was given a food containing Aegle marmelos leaf extract at 300 mg/kg body weight as an effective dose against alloxan induced hyperglycemia. The experiments lasted for 60 days...

Journal of Plant Pathology, 2021

Journal of Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis, 2017

Various unprecedented anti-tumor potential targets that robustly target cancer cells while sparin... more Various unprecedented anti-tumor potential targets that robustly target cancer cells while sparing normal cells have been produced by biomedical research in cancer therapeutic intervention for interrupting disease progression and their cure. Stem cells characterize an accessible cell source for novel cell based clinical therapies by inhibiting tumor progression signalling pathways. They carry distinctive characteristics of isolation and migration to tissue inflammation site, inherited modifiability and protein expression. Stem cells are also used in immune-reconstitution and tissue regeneration. Implication of different types of stem cells as an attractive candidate for targeted delivery of anti-neoplastic agents has emerged as a promising field in anticancer therapy. Mutual interaction between cancer cells and stem cells results in effective and safer clinical therapy for tumors. Keeping in view, this review highlights the potential role of stem cells in the progression of tumor metastasis and also summarizes the role of different signaling pathways in carcinogenesis and their involvement in disease treatment. It also focuses on the current advances in stem cells practice in therapeutics of cancer.