Arjun Khandare - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Arjun Khandare
198-200Arginase was isolated and purified from the kidneys of pigeon (Coulmba livia) using DEAE-S... more 198-200Arginase was isolated and purified from the kidneys of pigeon (Coulmba livia) using DEAE-Sepharose CL 6B chromatography, affinity chromatography on arginine-AH-Sepharose 4B and gel filtration on Sephadex G200 in presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The enzyme migrated to the anode at pH 8.3 on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme showed an average molecular mass of 179,000 daltons, optimal pH of 9.5 and temperature of 55°C and the energy of activation was found to be 10.14 kCal/mol. The Km for L-argininc was 5.0 mM. The purified enzyme was inhibited by excess product (4 mM ornithine). </span
Biological Trace Element Research
The present study investigated the heavy metal (HM) accumulation in some food items and associate... more The present study investigated the heavy metal (HM) accumulation in some food items and associated potential human health risk in the Prakasam district. Food samples were collected from 9 villages of different mandals mainly comprising of rice, wheat, green gram, red gram, black gram, potato, and amaranthus. The HMs chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICPMS). The results showed that the HM concentrations in vegetables were higher than the cereals and pulses. The decreasing order of HM concentrations were observed as Cr > As > Pb > Cd > Hg, Cr > Pb > As = Cd > Hg and Cr > Pb > Cd > As > Hg in cereals, pulses, and vegetables, respectively. The dietary intake of cereals and vegetables contributed more exposure to HMs. The hazard index (HI) in case of cereals (3.648) and vegetables (1.003) exceeded 1 indicating the non-carcinogenic risk when these food items are consumed by adults. The HI in case of cereals (7.106) and vegetables (1.747) exceeded 1 indicating the health risks when these food items were consumed by children. The HI for cereals and vegetables in case of children is almost double to the HI of adults. The lifetime cancer risk was observed for Cr via consumption of rice and amaranthus, both in adults and children. In conclusion, health risk due to consumption of cereals and vegetables revealed both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for adults and children. The findings of the present study can be used for the development of potential strategies for risk control and management.
International Society of Fluoride Research, 2015
ABSTRACT : The effects of the ions of fluoride (F, 25 mg/L) and strontium (Sr, 0.59%), alone and ... more ABSTRACT : The effects of the ions of fluoride (F, 25 mg/L) and strontium (Sr, 0.59%), alone and in combination, on bone health were studied in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) using mechanical properties and biochemical parameters. Oral feeding of Sr significantly (p<0.05) lowered 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the Sr and Sr+F groups as compared to the control (C) and F groups. However, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D was higher in the F, Sr, and Sr+F treated groups although this was not statistically significant. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the Sr and Sr+F groups than in the C and F groups. The total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Sr and Sr+F treated groups at 2, 4, and 6 months. However, the levels of ALP decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increased age in all the groups. Bone specific ALP was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Sr and Sr+F groups at all the time points, 2, 4, and 6 months. However, it showed a decreasing trend as the age increased (2, 4 and 6 months). There was no significant difference in the tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) at the 2 nd and 4 th months among the groups. However, in the Sr+F group, the TRAP was significantly (p<0.05) lower than in the other groups at 6 months. The bone calcium was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the Sr group as compared to the C and F groups, and it was lower still in the Sr+F group as compared to the control, F and Sr groups. The bone strength parameters, flexural rigidity and energy required to break the bone, were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the Sr+F group than in the C group. The present study found that F and Sr produce distinct effects on bone formation and resorption markers resulting in the quality of bone being poorer in the Sr and Sr+F groups than in the control and F treated animals.
The purpose of this study was to see the effect of fluoride (F) in Wistar NIN rats in a dose and ... more The purpose of this study was to see the effect of fluoride (F) in Wistar NIN rats in a dose and time-dependent manner. Male rats (n=36) were taken and were randomly divided into six groups (Group I: control, group II: 5 mg/L F, Group III: 10 mg/L F, Group IV: 15 mg/L F, Group V: 50 mg/L F and Group VI: 100 mg/L F). Animals were examined at 3-time points of 30, 60 and 90 days for F toxicity changes. The results indicated that the F induced dose and time-dependent diet intake, body weight gain, food efficiency ratio, dental fluorosis, urinary, serum, bone and teeth F levels and histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissue. The significant increase in exposure of F through water in groups V and VI as compared to other groups has shown alterations in their food efficiency ratio, body weight gain, and the significant increase in the urinary and serum F levels. Histopathology of the kidney showed few dilated tubules in the kidney of group VI compared to all other groups. Whereas ...
Indian Journal of Community Health, 2015
Background: Ground water is the ultimate and inevitable source of drinking water in rural India. ... more Background: Ground water is the ultimate and inevitable source of drinking water in rural India. Seepage of earth’s crust elements into drinking water sources may lead to adverse health effects. Media reported unusually high kidney related disorders among the population in Uchapally village of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess the role of drinking water in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among the population residing in two villages namely Uchapally with reported cases of renal diseases (Village-A; n=52) and Pedarajupalem with no reported cases of renal diseases (Village-B; n=50) from Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Blood and urine samples were collected to estimate the renal parameters. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) as calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation was used to assess the staging of CKD. Results: Majority ...
Fluoride, 2010
A field study was undertaken to determine effects of tamarind, the use of aluminium (Al) cooking ... more A field study was undertaken to determine effects of tamarind, the use of aluminium (Al) cooking utensils, and smoking on dental and skeletal fluorosis in the randomly selected fluoride (F) endemic village of Buttlapally in the Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India, where the F level in the drinking water is 3.6 ppm. In the survey, information on the above factors was collected for all persons in the village of 46 households (HHs) with a total population of 144 adults and 83 children. The survey revealed that persons who consume tamarind daily had significantly less (p<0.01) dental mottling, bamboo spine, and genu varum/genu valgum than occasional tamarind users. The incidence of skeletal and dental fluorosis was significantly higher among smokers than nonsmokers. About 95% of the HHs used Al utensils, which aggravated the fluorosis problem in the village. When the 3.6-ppm F water was stored undisturbed for 8 and 24 hr in an Al vessel, the F level decreased to 2.58 ppm and 2.3...
European Chemical Bulletin, 2019
A new method of thionyl chloride induced convenient synthesis of novel benzamides under solvent f... more A new method of thionyl chloride induced convenient synthesis of novel benzamides under solvent free conditions has been developed using benzoic acid and amines. The benzamides were synthesized through a coupling reaction of benzoic acid and different amines using thionyl chloride at room temperature. The abovementioned technique assists in the preparation of substituted benzamides which were obtained in good yields within 2-4 h using conventional heating. The developed method is flexible, economic, environment friendly; also is catalyst, ligand and solvent free and has major importance in industry and laboratory.
Journal of Human Ecology, 2007
India is one of the countries where hydrofluorosis is a major public health problem, affecting 18... more India is one of the countries where hydrofluorosis is a major public health problem, affecting 18 of the 33 constituent States of the Country. Tamil Nadu is one of the Southern states having 10 of the 29 districts affected with fluorosis. Fluorosis is caused by ingestion of excess fluoride mainly through drinking water contamination. A cross sectional study was undertaken in 13 selected villages of five contiguous North western districts of Tamil Nadu viz: Vellore, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Salem and Erode to assess the prevalence of fluorosis, adopting stratified random sampling procedure. A total of 8700 individuals, including 1745 children in the age group of 5-14 years were examined from 2800 Households for dental mottling. The study revealed that community bore wells formed the major source of drinking water among the villages. One hundred and twenty six drinking water samples were collected and the mean fluoride content was found to be more than WHO cut off level of 1.5 ppm in seven of the 13 villages surveyed. The prevalence of dental mottling (DM) was high among the total population in the districts of Dharmapuri (36%), Krishnagiri (24%) and Salem (33%), where the mean fluoride levels were 2.7, 2.2, and 1.2ppm respectively, however, the prevalence of skeletal deformities was low. The prevalence of DM was still high among the children (5-14 years) in the above three districts (53%, 43% and 42% respectively). Evaluation by Community Index for Dental fluorosis (CIDF) (>42% is considered as public health) suggested that the fluorosis is of public health importance in most of the villages. Such high prevalence of fluorosis requires community based interventions through supply of fluoride free surface water from a river, which is the most effective long-term strategy to control and prevent fluorosis.
Calcified Tissue International, 2005
Fluoride, 2000
SUMMARY: The effect of tamarind ingestion on fluoride retention was studied in three groups of do... more SUMMARY: The effect of tamarind ingestion on fluoride retention was studied in three groups of dogs control (Group I), fluoride-supplemented (Group II), and fluoride and tamarind-supplemented diets (Group III). The urinary excretion of fluoride was significantly higher in Group II (2.45 ...
A comparative study of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone fracture was conducted in a fluorotic ... more A comparative study of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone fracture was conducted in a fluorotic and a nonfluorotic area of the Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India. BMD measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of L2-L4 vertebrae, femoral neck, hip, and whole body was significantly higher by 112%, 43%, 57%, and 50%, respectively, in 12 fluorotic subjects than in 14 nonfluorotic subjects (p<0.01). However, there was an 11% decrease, although not statistically significant, in forearm BMD in the fluorotic subjects compared to the nonfluorotic subjects. Serum levels of total and bone specific alkaline phosphatase in the fluorotic subjects were significantly elevated by 219 and 313%, respectively (p<0.01), whereas serum Ca, protein, and phosphorus were 10, 12, and 32% lower, respectively (p<0.01). On the other hand, serum creatinine, urea, and zinc levels in the two groups of subjects were not significantly different. In the fluorotic village, with a 34% lower average consumption unit intake of calcium, the overall bone fracture rate of 6.3% was significantly higher than the 2.1% rate in the nonfluorotic village (p<0.05).
Toxicological Sciences, 2003
Fluorosis is a serious public health problem in many parts of the world where drinking water cont... more Fluorosis is a serious public health problem in many parts of the world where drinking water contains more than 1 ppm of fluoride. The main manifestations of skeletal fluorosis are crippling bone deformities, spinal compressions, and restricted movements of joints. Although fluorosis is irreversible, it could be prevented by appropriate and timely intervention through understanding the process at biochemical and molecular levels. As in the case of many chronic degenerative diseases, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation has been considered to play an important role, even in the pathogenesis of chronic fluoride toxicity. However, there is inconclusive proof for an altered oxidative stress and antioxidant balance in fluorosis, and the existing data are not only conflicting but also contradictory. In the present communication we have evaluated the antioxidant defense system (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) and lipid peroxidation in both humans from an endemic fluorosis area (5 ppm fluoride in the drinking water) and in rabbits receiving water with 150 ppm of fluoride for six months. There was no significant difference in lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and vitamin C in the blood of human fluorotic patients and fluorideintoxicated rabbits as compared to respective controls. Neither were there any changes in the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, or glutathione S-transferase in the blood due to fluoride intoxication (of rabbits) or fluorosis in humans. The results together do not subscribe to oxidative stress theory in fluorosis. Thus, in the absence of clear proof of oxidative damage and to counter toxic effects of fluoride through supplementation of antioxidants, extensive investigations are needed to conclusively prove the role of oxidative stress in skeletal fluorosis.
The present study was undertaken to assess the potential of magnesium hydroxide, (Mg(OH)2, to all... more The present study was undertaken to assess the potential of magnesium hydroxide, (Mg(OH)2, to alleviate fluoride (F) toxicity in rabbits. Eighteen 2.5-monthold New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes were divided equally into three groups: 1 (control), 2 (F group), and 3 (F + Mg group). F was administered orally (10 mg F ion/ kg bw/day) to the group 2 animals while group 3 received 20 mg Mg(OH)2/kg bw/day plus the foregoing amount of F. After 7 months, 24-hr urine, blood, and fecal samples were collected for three consecutive days. As expected, serum F and total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in group 2 became significantly higher (p<0.01). Dietary and water intake and weight gain in this group were lower compared to the other two groups, but fecal and urinary F excretion was significantly higher (p<0.01). Moreover, except for Zn in group 3, urinary and serum Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, ALP, osteocalcin, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in groups 2 and 3 were not significantly different from the cont...
Environmental Geochemistry and Health
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Biological Trace Element Research
Research in Veterinary Science
Current Developments in Nutrition
Objectives To induce Neurolathyrism in guinea pig fed with Lathyrus sativus diet. Methods Twenty ... more Objectives To induce Neurolathyrism in guinea pig fed with Lathyrus sativus diet. Methods Twenty four guinea pigs were randomly distributed into 3 groups, 8 animals each. Groups I control fed with control diet, Group II low toxin group fed with 90% Lathyrus diet containing 100 mg β-ODAP/100 g Lathyrus and Group III fed with 90% Lathyrus diet with 1060 mg β-ODAP/100 gLathyrus. The experiment was for 2 months. Diet intake, body weight, protein carbonyl, catalase, MDA, specific activity of electron transport complexes I, II, III and IV in cortex and cerebellum were analyzed. Histopathological and morphological changes were studied by electron microscopy Results The diet intake and bodyweight was significantly reduced in both the experimental groups (II & III) as compared group I. Protein carbonyls levels were significantly increased in motor cortex region of group II & III as compared to group I. The catalase activity in cortex region was significantly decreased in group II & III compa...
Current Developments in Nutrition
Objectives To assess the daily consumption of grass pea quantity, adverse effects if any, nutriti... more Objectives To assess the daily consumption of grass pea quantity, adverse effects if any, nutrition status among daily consumers and occurrence of morbidities. Methods For this purpose, a community based cross-sectional study was carried out in three districts (Bilaspur, Durg and Raipur) of Chhattisgarh state, India. Fifteen hundred households (HHs) per district, with 500HHs in each category (cultivators, non-cultivators, agriculture labourers and others labourers) as well as 400HHs were selected from 20 wards of the urban areas. Total of 360 split grass pea (SGP) samples were collected for β-ODAP analysis. Clinical examination was carried out in 17,755 individuals of all ages. Diet survey was done on 5769 HHs by 24 h recall method and by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Based on FFQ, HHs were separated into daily consumers of SGP and its quantity consumed and HHs that never consumed as non-consumers. Results Results of the study showed that there were 30 daily consuming and 89 n...
198-200Arginase was isolated and purified from the kidneys of pigeon (Coulmba livia) using DEAE-S... more 198-200Arginase was isolated and purified from the kidneys of pigeon (Coulmba livia) using DEAE-Sepharose CL 6B chromatography, affinity chromatography on arginine-AH-Sepharose 4B and gel filtration on Sephadex G200 in presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The enzyme migrated to the anode at pH 8.3 on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme showed an average molecular mass of 179,000 daltons, optimal pH of 9.5 and temperature of 55°C and the energy of activation was found to be 10.14 kCal/mol. The Km for L-argininc was 5.0 mM. The purified enzyme was inhibited by excess product (4 mM ornithine). </span
Biological Trace Element Research
The present study investigated the heavy metal (HM) accumulation in some food items and associate... more The present study investigated the heavy metal (HM) accumulation in some food items and associated potential human health risk in the Prakasam district. Food samples were collected from 9 villages of different mandals mainly comprising of rice, wheat, green gram, red gram, black gram, potato, and amaranthus. The HMs chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICPMS). The results showed that the HM concentrations in vegetables were higher than the cereals and pulses. The decreasing order of HM concentrations were observed as Cr > As > Pb > Cd > Hg, Cr > Pb > As = Cd > Hg and Cr > Pb > Cd > As > Hg in cereals, pulses, and vegetables, respectively. The dietary intake of cereals and vegetables contributed more exposure to HMs. The hazard index (HI) in case of cereals (3.648) and vegetables (1.003) exceeded 1 indicating the non-carcinogenic risk when these food items are consumed by adults. The HI in case of cereals (7.106) and vegetables (1.747) exceeded 1 indicating the health risks when these food items were consumed by children. The HI for cereals and vegetables in case of children is almost double to the HI of adults. The lifetime cancer risk was observed for Cr via consumption of rice and amaranthus, both in adults and children. In conclusion, health risk due to consumption of cereals and vegetables revealed both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for adults and children. The findings of the present study can be used for the development of potential strategies for risk control and management.
International Society of Fluoride Research, 2015
ABSTRACT : The effects of the ions of fluoride (F, 25 mg/L) and strontium (Sr, 0.59%), alone and ... more ABSTRACT : The effects of the ions of fluoride (F, 25 mg/L) and strontium (Sr, 0.59%), alone and in combination, on bone health were studied in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) using mechanical properties and biochemical parameters. Oral feeding of Sr significantly (p<0.05) lowered 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the Sr and Sr+F groups as compared to the control (C) and F groups. However, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D was higher in the F, Sr, and Sr+F treated groups although this was not statistically significant. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the Sr and Sr+F groups than in the C and F groups. The total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Sr and Sr+F treated groups at 2, 4, and 6 months. However, the levels of ALP decreased significantly (p<0.05) with increased age in all the groups. Bone specific ALP was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the Sr and Sr+F groups at all the time points, 2, 4, and 6 months. However, it showed a decreasing trend as the age increased (2, 4 and 6 months). There was no significant difference in the tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) at the 2 nd and 4 th months among the groups. However, in the Sr+F group, the TRAP was significantly (p<0.05) lower than in the other groups at 6 months. The bone calcium was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the Sr group as compared to the C and F groups, and it was lower still in the Sr+F group as compared to the control, F and Sr groups. The bone strength parameters, flexural rigidity and energy required to break the bone, were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the Sr+F group than in the C group. The present study found that F and Sr produce distinct effects on bone formation and resorption markers resulting in the quality of bone being poorer in the Sr and Sr+F groups than in the control and F treated animals.
The purpose of this study was to see the effect of fluoride (F) in Wistar NIN rats in a dose and ... more The purpose of this study was to see the effect of fluoride (F) in Wistar NIN rats in a dose and time-dependent manner. Male rats (n=36) were taken and were randomly divided into six groups (Group I: control, group II: 5 mg/L F, Group III: 10 mg/L F, Group IV: 15 mg/L F, Group V: 50 mg/L F and Group VI: 100 mg/L F). Animals were examined at 3-time points of 30, 60 and 90 days for F toxicity changes. The results indicated that the F induced dose and time-dependent diet intake, body weight gain, food efficiency ratio, dental fluorosis, urinary, serum, bone and teeth F levels and histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissue. The significant increase in exposure of F through water in groups V and VI as compared to other groups has shown alterations in their food efficiency ratio, body weight gain, and the significant increase in the urinary and serum F levels. Histopathology of the kidney showed few dilated tubules in the kidney of group VI compared to all other groups. Whereas ...
Indian Journal of Community Health, 2015
Background: Ground water is the ultimate and inevitable source of drinking water in rural India. ... more Background: Ground water is the ultimate and inevitable source of drinking water in rural India. Seepage of earth’s crust elements into drinking water sources may lead to adverse health effects. Media reported unusually high kidney related disorders among the population in Uchapally village of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess the role of drinking water in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among the population residing in two villages namely Uchapally with reported cases of renal diseases (Village-A; n=52) and Pedarajupalem with no reported cases of renal diseases (Village-B; n=50) from Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Blood and urine samples were collected to estimate the renal parameters. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) as calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation was used to assess the staging of CKD. Results: Majority ...
Fluoride, 2010
A field study was undertaken to determine effects of tamarind, the use of aluminium (Al) cooking ... more A field study was undertaken to determine effects of tamarind, the use of aluminium (Al) cooking utensils, and smoking on dental and skeletal fluorosis in the randomly selected fluoride (F) endemic village of Buttlapally in the Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India, where the F level in the drinking water is 3.6 ppm. In the survey, information on the above factors was collected for all persons in the village of 46 households (HHs) with a total population of 144 adults and 83 children. The survey revealed that persons who consume tamarind daily had significantly less (p<0.01) dental mottling, bamboo spine, and genu varum/genu valgum than occasional tamarind users. The incidence of skeletal and dental fluorosis was significantly higher among smokers than nonsmokers. About 95% of the HHs used Al utensils, which aggravated the fluorosis problem in the village. When the 3.6-ppm F water was stored undisturbed for 8 and 24 hr in an Al vessel, the F level decreased to 2.58 ppm and 2.3...
European Chemical Bulletin, 2019
A new method of thionyl chloride induced convenient synthesis of novel benzamides under solvent f... more A new method of thionyl chloride induced convenient synthesis of novel benzamides under solvent free conditions has been developed using benzoic acid and amines. The benzamides were synthesized through a coupling reaction of benzoic acid and different amines using thionyl chloride at room temperature. The abovementioned technique assists in the preparation of substituted benzamides which were obtained in good yields within 2-4 h using conventional heating. The developed method is flexible, economic, environment friendly; also is catalyst, ligand and solvent free and has major importance in industry and laboratory.
Journal of Human Ecology, 2007
India is one of the countries where hydrofluorosis is a major public health problem, affecting 18... more India is one of the countries where hydrofluorosis is a major public health problem, affecting 18 of the 33 constituent States of the Country. Tamil Nadu is one of the Southern states having 10 of the 29 districts affected with fluorosis. Fluorosis is caused by ingestion of excess fluoride mainly through drinking water contamination. A cross sectional study was undertaken in 13 selected villages of five contiguous North western districts of Tamil Nadu viz: Vellore, Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, Salem and Erode to assess the prevalence of fluorosis, adopting stratified random sampling procedure. A total of 8700 individuals, including 1745 children in the age group of 5-14 years were examined from 2800 Households for dental mottling. The study revealed that community bore wells formed the major source of drinking water among the villages. One hundred and twenty six drinking water samples were collected and the mean fluoride content was found to be more than WHO cut off level of 1.5 ppm in seven of the 13 villages surveyed. The prevalence of dental mottling (DM) was high among the total population in the districts of Dharmapuri (36%), Krishnagiri (24%) and Salem (33%), where the mean fluoride levels were 2.7, 2.2, and 1.2ppm respectively, however, the prevalence of skeletal deformities was low. The prevalence of DM was still high among the children (5-14 years) in the above three districts (53%, 43% and 42% respectively). Evaluation by Community Index for Dental fluorosis (CIDF) (>42% is considered as public health) suggested that the fluorosis is of public health importance in most of the villages. Such high prevalence of fluorosis requires community based interventions through supply of fluoride free surface water from a river, which is the most effective long-term strategy to control and prevent fluorosis.
Calcified Tissue International, 2005
Fluoride, 2000
SUMMARY: The effect of tamarind ingestion on fluoride retention was studied in three groups of do... more SUMMARY: The effect of tamarind ingestion on fluoride retention was studied in three groups of dogs control (Group I), fluoride-supplemented (Group II), and fluoride and tamarind-supplemented diets (Group III). The urinary excretion of fluoride was significantly higher in Group II (2.45 ...
A comparative study of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone fracture was conducted in a fluorotic ... more A comparative study of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone fracture was conducted in a fluorotic and a nonfluorotic area of the Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India. BMD measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of L2-L4 vertebrae, femoral neck, hip, and whole body was significantly higher by 112%, 43%, 57%, and 50%, respectively, in 12 fluorotic subjects than in 14 nonfluorotic subjects (p<0.01). However, there was an 11% decrease, although not statistically significant, in forearm BMD in the fluorotic subjects compared to the nonfluorotic subjects. Serum levels of total and bone specific alkaline phosphatase in the fluorotic subjects were significantly elevated by 219 and 313%, respectively (p<0.01), whereas serum Ca, protein, and phosphorus were 10, 12, and 32% lower, respectively (p<0.01). On the other hand, serum creatinine, urea, and zinc levels in the two groups of subjects were not significantly different. In the fluorotic village, with a 34% lower average consumption unit intake of calcium, the overall bone fracture rate of 6.3% was significantly higher than the 2.1% rate in the nonfluorotic village (p<0.05).
Toxicological Sciences, 2003
Fluorosis is a serious public health problem in many parts of the world where drinking water cont... more Fluorosis is a serious public health problem in many parts of the world where drinking water contains more than 1 ppm of fluoride. The main manifestations of skeletal fluorosis are crippling bone deformities, spinal compressions, and restricted movements of joints. Although fluorosis is irreversible, it could be prevented by appropriate and timely intervention through understanding the process at biochemical and molecular levels. As in the case of many chronic degenerative diseases, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation has been considered to play an important role, even in the pathogenesis of chronic fluoride toxicity. However, there is inconclusive proof for an altered oxidative stress and antioxidant balance in fluorosis, and the existing data are not only conflicting but also contradictory. In the present communication we have evaluated the antioxidant defense system (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic) and lipid peroxidation in both humans from an endemic fluorosis area (5 ppm fluoride in the drinking water) and in rabbits receiving water with 150 ppm of fluoride for six months. There was no significant difference in lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and vitamin C in the blood of human fluorotic patients and fluorideintoxicated rabbits as compared to respective controls. Neither were there any changes in the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, or glutathione S-transferase in the blood due to fluoride intoxication (of rabbits) or fluorosis in humans. The results together do not subscribe to oxidative stress theory in fluorosis. Thus, in the absence of clear proof of oxidative damage and to counter toxic effects of fluoride through supplementation of antioxidants, extensive investigations are needed to conclusively prove the role of oxidative stress in skeletal fluorosis.
The present study was undertaken to assess the potential of magnesium hydroxide, (Mg(OH)2, to all... more The present study was undertaken to assess the potential of magnesium hydroxide, (Mg(OH)2, to alleviate fluoride (F) toxicity in rabbits. Eighteen 2.5-monthold New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes were divided equally into three groups: 1 (control), 2 (F group), and 3 (F + Mg group). F was administered orally (10 mg F ion/ kg bw/day) to the group 2 animals while group 3 received 20 mg Mg(OH)2/kg bw/day plus the foregoing amount of F. After 7 months, 24-hr urine, blood, and fecal samples were collected for three consecutive days. As expected, serum F and total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in group 2 became significantly higher (p<0.01). Dietary and water intake and weight gain in this group were lower compared to the other two groups, but fecal and urinary F excretion was significantly higher (p<0.01). Moreover, except for Zn in group 3, urinary and serum Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, ALP, osteocalcin, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in groups 2 and 3 were not significantly different from the cont...
Environmental Geochemistry and Health
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Biological Trace Element Research
Research in Veterinary Science
Current Developments in Nutrition
Objectives To induce Neurolathyrism in guinea pig fed with Lathyrus sativus diet. Methods Twenty ... more Objectives To induce Neurolathyrism in guinea pig fed with Lathyrus sativus diet. Methods Twenty four guinea pigs were randomly distributed into 3 groups, 8 animals each. Groups I control fed with control diet, Group II low toxin group fed with 90% Lathyrus diet containing 100 mg β-ODAP/100 g Lathyrus and Group III fed with 90% Lathyrus diet with 1060 mg β-ODAP/100 gLathyrus. The experiment was for 2 months. Diet intake, body weight, protein carbonyl, catalase, MDA, specific activity of electron transport complexes I, II, III and IV in cortex and cerebellum were analyzed. Histopathological and morphological changes were studied by electron microscopy Results The diet intake and bodyweight was significantly reduced in both the experimental groups (II & III) as compared group I. Protein carbonyls levels were significantly increased in motor cortex region of group II & III as compared to group I. The catalase activity in cortex region was significantly decreased in group II & III compa...
Current Developments in Nutrition
Objectives To assess the daily consumption of grass pea quantity, adverse effects if any, nutriti... more Objectives To assess the daily consumption of grass pea quantity, adverse effects if any, nutrition status among daily consumers and occurrence of morbidities. Methods For this purpose, a community based cross-sectional study was carried out in three districts (Bilaspur, Durg and Raipur) of Chhattisgarh state, India. Fifteen hundred households (HHs) per district, with 500HHs in each category (cultivators, non-cultivators, agriculture labourers and others labourers) as well as 400HHs were selected from 20 wards of the urban areas. Total of 360 split grass pea (SGP) samples were collected for β-ODAP analysis. Clinical examination was carried out in 17,755 individuals of all ages. Diet survey was done on 5769 HHs by 24 h recall method and by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Based on FFQ, HHs were separated into daily consumers of SGP and its quantity consumed and HHs that never consumed as non-consumers. Results Results of the study showed that there were 30 daily consuming and 89 n...