Arkadiusz D - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Arkadiusz D

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

One of the challenges of all synchrotron facilities is to offer the highest performance detectors... more One of the challenges of all synchrotron facilities is to offer the highest performance detectors for all their specific experiments, in particular for X-ray diffraction imaging and its high throughput data collection. In that context, the DiffAbs beamline, the Detectors and the Design and Engineering groups at Synchrotron SOLEIL, in collaboration with ImXPAD and Cegitek companies, have developed an original and unique detector with a circular shape. This detector is based on the hybrid pixel photon-counting technology and consists of the specific assembly of 20 hybrid pixel array detector (XPAD) modules. This article aims to demonstrate the main characteristics of the CirPAD (for Circular Pixel Array Detector) and its performance – i.e. excellent pixel quality, flat-field correction, high-count-rate performance, etc. Additionally, the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of an LaB6 reference sample is presented and refined. The obtained results demonstrate the high quality of the data ...

The aim of the project, of which the work described in this thesis is part, was to design a high-... more The aim of the project, of which the work described in this thesis is part, was to design a high-speed X-ray camera using hybrid pixels applied to biomedical imaging and for material science. As a matter of fact the hybrid pixel technology meets the requirements of these two research fields, particularly by providing energy selection and low dose imaging capabilities. In this thesis, high frame rate X-ray imaging based on the XPAD3-S photons counting chip is presented. Within a collaboration between CPPM, ESRF and SOLEIL, three XPAD3 cameras were built. Two of them are being operated at the beamline of the ESRF and SOLEIL synchrotron facilities and the third one is embedded in the PIXSCAN II irradiation setup of CPPM. The XPAD3 camera is a large surface X-ray detector composed of eight detection modules of seven XPAD3-S chips each with a high-speed data acquisition system. The readout architecture of the camera is based on the PCI Express interface and on programmable FPGA chips. The...

In this paper the back-side-illuminated Percival 2-Megapixel (P2M) detector is presented, along w... more In this paper the back-side-illuminated Percival 2-Megapixel (P2M) detector is presented, along with its characterization by means of optical and X-ray photons. For the first time, the response of the system to soft X-rays (250 eV to 1 keV) is presented. The main performance parameters of the first detector are measured, assessing the capabilities in terms of noise, dynamic range and single-photon discrimination capability. Present limitations and coming improvements are discussed.

L’objectif du projet, dont le travail presente dans cette these est une partie, etait de developp... more L’objectif du projet, dont le travail presente dans cette these est une partie, etait de developper une camera a rayons X ultra-rapide utilisant des pixels hybrides pour l’imagerie biomedicale et la science des materiaux. La technologie a pixels hybrides permet de repondre aux besoins des ces deux champs de recherche, en particulier en apportant la possibilite de selectionner l’energie des rayons X detectes et de les imager a faible dose. Dans cette these, nous presentons une camera ultra-rapide basee sur l’utilisation de circuits integres XPAD3-S developpes pour le comptage de rayons X. En collaboration avec l’ESRF et SOLEIL, le CPPM a construit trois cameras XPAD3. Deux d’entre elles sont utilisee sur les lignes de faisceau des synchrotrons SOLEIL et ESRF, et le troisieme est installe dans le dispositif d’irradiation PIXSCAN II du CPPM. La camera XPAD3 est un detecteur de rayons X de grande surface compose de huit modules de detection comprenant chacun sept circuits XPAD3-S equipe...

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

Hybrid photon counting (HPC) detectors are widely used at both synchrotron facilities and in-hous... more Hybrid photon counting (HPC) detectors are widely used at both synchrotron facilities and in-house laboratories. The features of HPC detectors, such as no readout noise, high dynamic range, high frame rate, excellent point spread function, no blurring etc. along with fast data acquisition, provide a high-performance detector with a low detection limit and high sensitivity. Several HPC detector systems have been developed around the world. A number of them are commercially available and used in academia and industry. One of the important features of an HPC detector is a fast readout speed. Most HPC detectors can easily achieve over 1000 frames s−1, one or two orders of magnitude faster than conventional CCD detectors. Nevertheless, advanced scientific challenges require ever faster detectors in order to study dynamical phenomena in matter. The XSPA-500k detector can achieve 56 kframes s−1 continuously, without dead-time between frames. Using `burst mode', a special mode of the UF...

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

A new photon-counting camera based on hybrid pixel technology has been developed at the SOLEIL sy... more A new photon-counting camera based on hybrid pixel technology has been developed at the SOLEIL synchrotron, making it possible to implement pump–probe–probe hard X-ray diffraction experiments for the first time. This application relies on two specific advantages of the UFXC32k readout chip, namely its high frame rate (50 kHz) and its high linear count rate (2.6 × 106 photons s−1 pixel−1). The project involved the conception and realization of the chips and detector carrier board, the data acquisition system, the server with its specific software, as well as the mechanical and cooling systems. This article reports on in-laboratory validation tests of the new detector, as well as on tests performed at the CRISTAL beamline within the targeted experimental conditions. A benchmark experiment was successfully performed, showing the advantages of the pump–probe–probe scheme in correcting for drifts of the experimental conditions.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

This paper describes a method for rapid measurements of the specular X-ray reflectivity signal us... more This paper describes a method for rapid measurements of the specular X-ray reflectivity signal using an area detector and a monochromatic, well collimated X-ray beam (divergence below 0.01°), combined with a continuous data acquisition mode during the angular movements of the sample and detector. In addition to the total integrated (and background-corrected) reflectivity signal, this approach yields a three-dimensional mapping of the reciprocal space in the vicinity of its origin. Grazing-incidence small-angle scattering signals are recorded simultaneously. Measurements up to high momentum transfer values (close to 0.1 nm−1, also depending on the X-ray beam energy) can be performed in total time ranges as short as 10 s. The measurement time can be reduced by up to 100 times as compared with the classical method using monochromatic X-ray beams, a point detector and rocking scans (integrated reflectivity signal).

Journal of synchrotron radiation, 2018

This paper presents the performance of a single-photon-counting hybrid pixel X-ray detector with ... more This paper presents the performance of a single-photon-counting hybrid pixel X-ray detector with synchrotron radiation. The camera was evaluated with respect to time-resolved experiments, namely pump-probe-probe experiments held at SOLEIL. The UFXC camera shows very good energy resolution of around 1.5 keV and allows the minimum threshold setting to be as low as 3 keV keeping the high-count-rate capabilities. Measurements of a synchrotron characteristic filling mode prove the proper separation of an isolated bunch of photons and the usability of the detector in time-resolved experiments.

Http Www Theses Fr, May 4, 2011

IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium conference record. Nuclear Science Symposium

In this study, we present a small animal hybrid PET/CT scanner for simultaneous X and gamma ray s... more In this study, we present a small animal hybrid PET/CT scanner for simultaneous X and gamma ray scans of the same field of view. It is based on the high resolution PET scanner demonstrator ClearPET developed within the Crystal Clear Collaboration and on the prototype X-ray hybrid pixel detector XPAD3 developed at CPPM. The complete hybrid system has been studied using the GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform. The final design includes the PET detectors appropriately shielded, the XPAD3 detector and a collimated RTW X-ray tube. First, we present experimental measurements that demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring PET data in presence of an X-ray beam scattered by a water phantom hosting a positron emitter point source. Then, we present first images of simultaneous PET and CT acquisitions of several phantoms and a mouse.

2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference, 2010

XPAD3 is a large surface X-ray photon counting imager with high count rates, large counter dynami... more XPAD3 is a large surface X-ray photon counting imager with high count rates, large counter dynamics and very fast data readout. Data are readout in parallel by a PCI Express interface using DMA transfer. The readout frame rate of the complete detector comprising 0.5 MPixels amounts to 500 images per second without dead-time.

2009 1st International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications, 2009

Experiments on high flux and high brilliance third generation synchrotron X-ray sources and on lo... more Experiments on high flux and high brilliance third generation synchrotron X-ray sources and on low dose photon counting cone beam micro-CT imaging require detectors with large surface, high count rates, large counter dynamics, adjustable energy threshold and last but not least fast readout system. The XPAD3 X-ray photon counting imager is a largesurface (12 × × × × 7.5 cm 2 ) hybrid pixel detector with fast data readout electronics.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2014

The CHIPSPECT consortium aims at building a large multi-modules CdTe based photon counting detect... more The CHIPSPECT consortium aims at building a large multi-modules CdTe based photon counting detector for hard X-ray applications. For this purpose, we tested nine XPAD3.2 single chip hybrids in various configurations (i.e. Ohmic vs. Schottky contacts or electrons vs. holes collection mode) in order to select the most performing and best suited configuration for our experimental requirements. Measurements have been done using both X-ray synchrotron beams and 241 Am source. Preliminary results on the image quality, calibration, stability, homogeneity and linearity of the different types of detectors are presented. . 6. 100 s exposure images of each detector tested at SOLEIL observed at 24 keV using a 12 keV (i.e. at half energy) ad hoc calibration. The efficiency loss noticeable for the Ohmic e À and especially for the Schottky h þ can be explained by the fact that their biases have not been optimized ( þ 400 V instead of þ900 V for the Schottky h þ and À 100 V instead of À 200 V for the Ohmic e À , cf. and Section 4.2). (a) Ohmic e À [1-3], (b) Schottky e À [3-2], and (c) Schottky h þ [2-5].

Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2013

A new experimental approach to perform in situ electric field diffraction on single crystals usin... more A new experimental approach to perform in situ electric field diffraction on single crystals using an on-then-off pump–probe mode in situ (i.e. the field-switching method) with a synchrotron or a laboratory X-ray source is presented. Taking advantage of the fast readout of the XPAD hybrid pixel two-dimensional detector and its programmable functionalities, the operation mode of the detector has been customized to significantly increase the efficiency of the method. The very weak electric field-induced structural response of a piezoelectric crystal can be accurately measured. This allows the piezoelectric tensor to be precisely obtained from Δθ shifts while the structural variations can be modelled using a full set of ΔI/I data. The experimental method and methodology are detailed and tested as a case study on pure piezoelectric compounds belonging to the α-quartz family (SiO2 and GaAsO4 single crystals). Using the two scan modes developed, it is demonstrated that tiny Bragg angle sh...

Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2013

A new experimental approach to perform in situ electric field diffraction on single crystals usin... more A new experimental approach to perform in situ electric field diffraction on single crystals using an on-then-off pump–probe mode in situ (i.e. the field-switching method) with a synchrotron or a laboratory X-ray source is presented. Taking advantage of the fast readout of the XPAD hybrid pixel two-dimensional detector and its programmable functionalities, the operation mode of the detector has been customized to significantly increase the efficiency of the method. The very weak electric field-induced structural response of a piezoelectric crystal can be accurately measured. This allows the piezoelectric tensor to be precisely obtained from Δθ shifts while the structural variations can be modelled using a full set of ΔI/I data. The experimental method and methodology are detailed and tested as a case study on pure piezoelectric compounds belonging to the α-quartz family (SiO2 and GaAsO4 single crystals). Using the two scan modes developed, it is demonstrated that tiny Bragg angle sh...

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

One of the challenges of all synchrotron facilities is to offer the highest performance detectors... more One of the challenges of all synchrotron facilities is to offer the highest performance detectors for all their specific experiments, in particular for X-ray diffraction imaging and its high throughput data collection. In that context, the DiffAbs beamline, the Detectors and the Design and Engineering groups at Synchrotron SOLEIL, in collaboration with ImXPAD and Cegitek companies, have developed an original and unique detector with a circular shape. This detector is based on the hybrid pixel photon-counting technology and consists of the specific assembly of 20 hybrid pixel array detector (XPAD) modules. This article aims to demonstrate the main characteristics of the CirPAD (for Circular Pixel Array Detector) and its performance – i.e. excellent pixel quality, flat-field correction, high-count-rate performance, etc. Additionally, the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of an LaB6 reference sample is presented and refined. The obtained results demonstrate the high quality of the data ...

The aim of the project, of which the work described in this thesis is part, was to design a high-... more The aim of the project, of which the work described in this thesis is part, was to design a high-speed X-ray camera using hybrid pixels applied to biomedical imaging and for material science. As a matter of fact the hybrid pixel technology meets the requirements of these two research fields, particularly by providing energy selection and low dose imaging capabilities. In this thesis, high frame rate X-ray imaging based on the XPAD3-S photons counting chip is presented. Within a collaboration between CPPM, ESRF and SOLEIL, three XPAD3 cameras were built. Two of them are being operated at the beamline of the ESRF and SOLEIL synchrotron facilities and the third one is embedded in the PIXSCAN II irradiation setup of CPPM. The XPAD3 camera is a large surface X-ray detector composed of eight detection modules of seven XPAD3-S chips each with a high-speed data acquisition system. The readout architecture of the camera is based on the PCI Express interface and on programmable FPGA chips. The...

In this paper the back-side-illuminated Percival 2-Megapixel (P2M) detector is presented, along w... more In this paper the back-side-illuminated Percival 2-Megapixel (P2M) detector is presented, along with its characterization by means of optical and X-ray photons. For the first time, the response of the system to soft X-rays (250 eV to 1 keV) is presented. The main performance parameters of the first detector are measured, assessing the capabilities in terms of noise, dynamic range and single-photon discrimination capability. Present limitations and coming improvements are discussed.

L’objectif du projet, dont le travail presente dans cette these est une partie, etait de developp... more L’objectif du projet, dont le travail presente dans cette these est une partie, etait de developper une camera a rayons X ultra-rapide utilisant des pixels hybrides pour l’imagerie biomedicale et la science des materiaux. La technologie a pixels hybrides permet de repondre aux besoins des ces deux champs de recherche, en particulier en apportant la possibilite de selectionner l’energie des rayons X detectes et de les imager a faible dose. Dans cette these, nous presentons une camera ultra-rapide basee sur l’utilisation de circuits integres XPAD3-S developpes pour le comptage de rayons X. En collaboration avec l’ESRF et SOLEIL, le CPPM a construit trois cameras XPAD3. Deux d’entre elles sont utilisee sur les lignes de faisceau des synchrotrons SOLEIL et ESRF, et le troisieme est installe dans le dispositif d’irradiation PIXSCAN II du CPPM. La camera XPAD3 est un detecteur de rayons X de grande surface compose de huit modules de detection comprenant chacun sept circuits XPAD3-S equipe...

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

Hybrid photon counting (HPC) detectors are widely used at both synchrotron facilities and in-hous... more Hybrid photon counting (HPC) detectors are widely used at both synchrotron facilities and in-house laboratories. The features of HPC detectors, such as no readout noise, high dynamic range, high frame rate, excellent point spread function, no blurring etc. along with fast data acquisition, provide a high-performance detector with a low detection limit and high sensitivity. Several HPC detector systems have been developed around the world. A number of them are commercially available and used in academia and industry. One of the important features of an HPC detector is a fast readout speed. Most HPC detectors can easily achieve over 1000 frames s−1, one or two orders of magnitude faster than conventional CCD detectors. Nevertheless, advanced scientific challenges require ever faster detectors in order to study dynamical phenomena in matter. The XSPA-500k detector can achieve 56 kframes s−1 continuously, without dead-time between frames. Using `burst mode', a special mode of the UF...

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

A new photon-counting camera based on hybrid pixel technology has been developed at the SOLEIL sy... more A new photon-counting camera based on hybrid pixel technology has been developed at the SOLEIL synchrotron, making it possible to implement pump–probe–probe hard X-ray diffraction experiments for the first time. This application relies on two specific advantages of the UFXC32k readout chip, namely its high frame rate (50 kHz) and its high linear count rate (2.6 × 106 photons s−1 pixel−1). The project involved the conception and realization of the chips and detector carrier board, the data acquisition system, the server with its specific software, as well as the mechanical and cooling systems. This article reports on in-laboratory validation tests of the new detector, as well as on tests performed at the CRISTAL beamline within the targeted experimental conditions. A benchmark experiment was successfully performed, showing the advantages of the pump–probe–probe scheme in correcting for drifts of the experimental conditions.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

This paper describes a method for rapid measurements of the specular X-ray reflectivity signal us... more This paper describes a method for rapid measurements of the specular X-ray reflectivity signal using an area detector and a monochromatic, well collimated X-ray beam (divergence below 0.01°), combined with a continuous data acquisition mode during the angular movements of the sample and detector. In addition to the total integrated (and background-corrected) reflectivity signal, this approach yields a three-dimensional mapping of the reciprocal space in the vicinity of its origin. Grazing-incidence small-angle scattering signals are recorded simultaneously. Measurements up to high momentum transfer values (close to 0.1 nm−1, also depending on the X-ray beam energy) can be performed in total time ranges as short as 10 s. The measurement time can be reduced by up to 100 times as compared with the classical method using monochromatic X-ray beams, a point detector and rocking scans (integrated reflectivity signal).

Journal of synchrotron radiation, 2018

This paper presents the performance of a single-photon-counting hybrid pixel X-ray detector with ... more This paper presents the performance of a single-photon-counting hybrid pixel X-ray detector with synchrotron radiation. The camera was evaluated with respect to time-resolved experiments, namely pump-probe-probe experiments held at SOLEIL. The UFXC camera shows very good energy resolution of around 1.5 keV and allows the minimum threshold setting to be as low as 3 keV keeping the high-count-rate capabilities. Measurements of a synchrotron characteristic filling mode prove the proper separation of an isolated bunch of photons and the usability of the detector in time-resolved experiments.

Http Www Theses Fr, May 4, 2011

IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium conference record. Nuclear Science Symposium

In this study, we present a small animal hybrid PET/CT scanner for simultaneous X and gamma ray s... more In this study, we present a small animal hybrid PET/CT scanner for simultaneous X and gamma ray scans of the same field of view. It is based on the high resolution PET scanner demonstrator ClearPET developed within the Crystal Clear Collaboration and on the prototype X-ray hybrid pixel detector XPAD3 developed at CPPM. The complete hybrid system has been studied using the GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform. The final design includes the PET detectors appropriately shielded, the XPAD3 detector and a collimated RTW X-ray tube. First, we present experimental measurements that demonstrate the feasibility of acquiring PET data in presence of an X-ray beam scattered by a water phantom hosting a positron emitter point source. Then, we present first images of simultaneous PET and CT acquisitions of several phantoms and a mouse.

2010 17th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference, 2010

XPAD3 is a large surface X-ray photon counting imager with high count rates, large counter dynami... more XPAD3 is a large surface X-ray photon counting imager with high count rates, large counter dynamics and very fast data readout. Data are readout in parallel by a PCI Express interface using DMA transfer. The readout frame rate of the complete detector comprising 0.5 MPixels amounts to 500 images per second without dead-time.

2009 1st International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications, 2009

Experiments on high flux and high brilliance third generation synchrotron X-ray sources and on lo... more Experiments on high flux and high brilliance third generation synchrotron X-ray sources and on low dose photon counting cone beam micro-CT imaging require detectors with large surface, high count rates, large counter dynamics, adjustable energy threshold and last but not least fast readout system. The XPAD3 X-ray photon counting imager is a largesurface (12 × × × × 7.5 cm 2 ) hybrid pixel detector with fast data readout electronics.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2014

The CHIPSPECT consortium aims at building a large multi-modules CdTe based photon counting detect... more The CHIPSPECT consortium aims at building a large multi-modules CdTe based photon counting detector for hard X-ray applications. For this purpose, we tested nine XPAD3.2 single chip hybrids in various configurations (i.e. Ohmic vs. Schottky contacts or electrons vs. holes collection mode) in order to select the most performing and best suited configuration for our experimental requirements. Measurements have been done using both X-ray synchrotron beams and 241 Am source. Preliminary results on the image quality, calibration, stability, homogeneity and linearity of the different types of detectors are presented. . 6. 100 s exposure images of each detector tested at SOLEIL observed at 24 keV using a 12 keV (i.e. at half energy) ad hoc calibration. The efficiency loss noticeable for the Ohmic e À and especially for the Schottky h þ can be explained by the fact that their biases have not been optimized ( þ 400 V instead of þ900 V for the Schottky h þ and À 100 V instead of À 200 V for the Ohmic e À , cf. and Section 4.2). (a) Ohmic e À [1-3], (b) Schottky e À [3-2], and (c) Schottky h þ [2-5].

Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2013

A new experimental approach to perform in situ electric field diffraction on single crystals usin... more A new experimental approach to perform in situ electric field diffraction on single crystals using an on-then-off pump–probe mode in situ (i.e. the field-switching method) with a synchrotron or a laboratory X-ray source is presented. Taking advantage of the fast readout of the XPAD hybrid pixel two-dimensional detector and its programmable functionalities, the operation mode of the detector has been customized to significantly increase the efficiency of the method. The very weak electric field-induced structural response of a piezoelectric crystal can be accurately measured. This allows the piezoelectric tensor to be precisely obtained from Δθ shifts while the structural variations can be modelled using a full set of ΔI/I data. The experimental method and methodology are detailed and tested as a case study on pure piezoelectric compounds belonging to the α-quartz family (SiO2 and GaAsO4 single crystals). Using the two scan modes developed, it is demonstrated that tiny Bragg angle sh...

Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2013

A new experimental approach to perform in situ electric field diffraction on single crystals usin... more A new experimental approach to perform in situ electric field diffraction on single crystals using an on-then-off pump–probe mode in situ (i.e. the field-switching method) with a synchrotron or a laboratory X-ray source is presented. Taking advantage of the fast readout of the XPAD hybrid pixel two-dimensional detector and its programmable functionalities, the operation mode of the detector has been customized to significantly increase the efficiency of the method. The very weak electric field-induced structural response of a piezoelectric crystal can be accurately measured. This allows the piezoelectric tensor to be precisely obtained from Δθ shifts while the structural variations can be modelled using a full set of ΔI/I data. The experimental method and methodology are detailed and tested as a case study on pure piezoelectric compounds belonging to the α-quartz family (SiO2 and GaAsO4 single crystals). Using the two scan modes developed, it is demonstrated that tiny Bragg angle sh...