Arnab Basu - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Arnab Basu

Research paper thumbnail of On Export Rivalry and the Greening of Agriculture – The Role of Eco-labels

Routledge eBooks, Nov 30, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Négociation au sein des ménages ivoiriens : résultats expérimentaux en milieu rural

Revue d'économie du développement

Cette étude a été autorisée par le comité éthique de l'Université de Manchester. Nous remercions ... more Cette étude a été autorisée par le comité éthique de l'Université de Manchester. Nous remercions l'Académie Britannique pour le financement, l'éditeur en charge Axel Gastambide, une relectrice anonyme pour les commentaires constructifs, ainsi que Colas Malaise de l'Alliance Française de Manchester pour la relecture de la première version de cet article.

Research paper thumbnail of On Trade Policy Preference and Offshoring Ties

SSRN Electronic Journal

This paper unpacks the role of offshoring in the enforcement of trade agreements. In a two-countr... more This paper unpacks the role of offshoring in the enforcement of trade agreements. In a two-country model of task offshoring, we show that by depressing demand and thus demand for embodied labor, own-tariff effects on factor content weighted terms of trade are: (i) negative in upstream countries, backfiring on upstream workers, and (ii) positive in downstream countries which render imported labor tasks even cheaper. This progression in own-tariff effects on terms of trade along the supply chain presents a novel challenge to the effectiveness of dispute settlement rules designed to nullify unwarranted terms of trade gains. The pros and cons of deep trade integration as a remedy, involving well-enforced labor standards both upstream and downstream as an integral part of trade agreements, are highlighted.

Research paper thumbnail of Parental Risk Preferences, Maternal Bargaining Power, and the Educational Progressions of Children: Lab-in-The-Field Evidence from Rural Côte D'Ivoire

SSRN Electronic Journal

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Research paper thumbnail of Ethnic Fragmentation, Conflict, Displaced Persons and Human Trafficking: An Empirical Analysis

Social Science Research Network, 2010

Ethnic conflicts and their links to international human trafficking have recently received a surg... more Ethnic conflicts and their links to international human trafficking have recently received a surge in international attention. It appears that ethnic conflicts exacerbate the internal displacement of individuals from networks of family and community, and their access to economic and social safety nets. These same individuals are then vulnerable to being trafficked by the hopes of better economic prospects elsewhere. In this paper, we empirically examine this link between ethnic fragmentation, conflicts, internally displaced persons (IDPs), refugees and international trafficking, making use of a novel dataset of international trafficking. We conduct a direct estimation, which highlights the ultimate impact of ethnic fragmentation and conflict on international trafficking through internal and international displacements.

Research paper thumbnail of Rethinking border enforcement, permanent and circular migration

Economic Modelling, 2021

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Research paper thumbnail of Household Behavioral Preferences and the Child Labor-Education Trade-off: Framed Field Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia

Research Papers in Economics, 2020

Using data from the Rural Ethiopian Household Survey, which contains a behavioral module, we expl... more Using data from the Rural Ethiopian Household Survey, which contains a behavioral module, we explore the link between adult risk and time preferences and the incidence and the intensity of child labor. While as expected child labor at both the extensive and the intensive margin is a result of high time discount rates, the narrative behind the positive relationship between adult risk aversion and child labor is more complex. While child labor is clearly the result of risk aversion, more risk averse parents react to their uncertain environments by combining child labor and work as opposed to substituting schooling for child labor.

Research paper thumbnail of The Pro-Trade Bias of Offshoring

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021

Technological advance and improvements in communication technologies have facilitated the offshor... more Technological advance and improvements in communication technologies have facilitated the offshoring of jobs worldwide, where a typical scene following the supply chain involves developing countries importing finished products from developed countries that contain developing country labor content. We demonstrate that this pattern of offshoring can harbor a pro-trade bias, but only among countries upstream along the global supply chain. This upstream-downstream asymmetry has important implications on countries' (i) incentive to violate trade agreements, and (ii) ability to leverage the dispute settlement procedures to punish violators. We then show that a well-enforced set of labor standards in developing countries, such as a binding minimum wage, resolves this conundrum by reviving the ability of the developing countries to use countervailing tariffs to punish trade agreement violators.

Research paper thumbnail of The World Bank economic review 14 (1)

The World Bank Economic Review, Jan 31, 2000

The World Bank Economic Review is a professional journal for the dissemination of World Bankspons... more The World Bank Economic Review is a professional journal for the dissemination of World Banksponsored research that informs policy analyses and choices. It is directed to an international readership among economists and social scientists in government, husiness, and international agencies, as well as in universities and development research institutions. The Review emphasizes policy relevance and operational aspects of economics, rather than primarily theoretical and methodological issues. It is intended for readers familiar with economic theory and analvsis but not necessarilv proficient in advanced mathematical or econometric techniques. Articles will illustrate how professional research can shed light on policy choices. Inconsistency with Bank policy will not be grounds for rejection of an article. Articles will be drawn primarily from work conducted by World Bank staff and consultants. Before being accepted for publication bv the Editorial Board, all articles are reviexved hy two referees who are not members of the Bank's staff and one World Bank staff member; articles must also he recommended hy at least one external member of the Editorial Board. The Rev'iert may on occasion publish articles on specified topics by non-Bank contributors. Any reader interested in preparing such an article is invited to submit a proposal of not more than two pages in length to the Editor. The views and interpretations expressed in this journal are those of the authors and do not necessarilv represent the views and policies of the World Bank or of its Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequences of their use. When maps are used, the boundaries, denominations, and other information do not iiiplv on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Comments or brief notes responding to Review articles are welcome and will be considered for publication to the extent that space permits.

Research paper thumbnail of New Frontiers in Environmental and Social Labeling

Sustainability and Innovation, 2007

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Research paper thumbnail of Aversion to Poverty and Relative Deprivation? An Experimental Analysis of Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Fair Trade Coffee

sire.ac.uk

What product attributes do consumers account for in their willingness to pay for labeled products... more What product attributes do consumers account for in their willingness to pay for labeled products? This question has received scant attention in the theoretical and empirical literature on the prevalence of a price premium for social and eco-labeled products. Based on the eligibility criteria of the Fair Trade program for Coffee we develop a theoretical model and design a conjoint experiment to test whether consumers' willingness to pay a price premium indeed exhibit poverty aversion. In particular, we focus on two attributes of the Fair Trade label for coffee-participation of poor producers, and the associated income guarantee-to analyze how respondents value information regarding both the Fair Trade program and the label performance in their willingness to pay. We show that for a majority of respondents (University students in the United States), the relationship between increase in label performance and the willingness to pay higher prices exhibit an inverted-U pattern. Starting from either very low levels of participation by poor producers, or low income guarantees to them by the Fair Trade label, respondents' willingness to pay points to an interplay between poverty aversion and worsening relative deprivation amongst poor producers that a Fair Trade label engenders. On one hand, while aversion to poverty may well lead respondents to pay a higher price as the number of poor producers included in the program increase, the very same poverty aversion also deepens relative deprivation for poor producers excluded from the program. This latter effect may result in a decline in the willingness to pay as producer participation and income guarantee cross a critical threshold.

Research paper thumbnail of Differential health reporting error among older adults in India

WIDER Working Paper

provides economic analysis and policy advice with the aim of promoting sustainable and equitable ... more provides economic analysis and policy advice with the aim of promoting sustainable and equitable development. The Institute began operations in 1985 in Helsinki, Finland, as the first research and training centre of the United Nations University. Today it is a unique blend of think tank, research institute, and UN agency-providing a range of services from policy advice to governments as well as freely available original research. The Institute is funded through income from an endowment fund with additional contributions to its work programme from Finland and Sweden, as well as earmarked contributions for specific projects from a variety of donors.

Research paper thumbnail of of LaborTax Evasion, Minimum Wage Non-Compliance and Informality

Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published i... more Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to enco...

Research paper thumbnail of Consequences of Offshoring to Developing Nations: Labor‐Market Outcomes, Welfare, and Corrective Interventions

Research paper thumbnail of Job Creation in a Multi-Sector Labor Market Model for Developing Economies

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016

Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published i... more Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Research paper thumbnail of Household Preferences and Child Labor in Rural Ethiopia

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Research paper thumbnail of Offshoring to a Developing Nation with a Dual Labor Market

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Research paper thumbnail of Migration Gravity, Networks, and Unemployment

SSRN Electronic Journal

We develop and estimate a theory-consistent gravity equation for interregional migration flows in... more We develop and estimate a theory-consistent gravity equation for interregional migration flows in the presence of unemployment. Micro-founded in a setting where search friction regulates labor market transitions, we derive a migration gravity equation for bilateral mobility that embodies a co-determined local unemployment term. As a theory of migration, our model connects directly with longstanding migration puzzles (e.g. declining internal mobility) as well as more recent developments (e.g. home bias). As a model of unemployment, a migration gravity approach uncovers novel interregional roots of local unemployment, and furnishes an unemployment sufficient statistic interpretation to the familiar multilateral migration resistance term. We empirically test the predictions of the model using U.S. county-level data on bilateral migration and unemployment rates, bilateral connectedness data such as Facebook friendship links, and instrumental variable identification based on a novel similarity index of counties' historical ethnic-composition.

Research paper thumbnail of Multiple certifications and consumer purchase decisions: a case study of willingness to pay for coffee in Germany

Fair Trade and organic agriculture: a winning combination?

This study contributes to the literature on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for certified cof... more This study contributes to the literature on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for certified coffee with the main objective of trying to understand consumer choices in the presence of (i) multiple labels and (ii) multiple certifications within each label type. The multiple labels we consider are Fair Trade, Wild Grown and Organic coffee while multiple certifications within each of these three main labels include permutations such as Fair Trade + Organic and Organic + Wild Grown. We find that consumers' WTP for the Organic label has the highest mean value but also the highest dispersion of any of the WTP distributions. The distribution of WTP for the Fair Trade label, while somewhat lower than Organic, has a much tighter distribution about around its mean. Comparing the shape of the distributed WTP for Organic versus Fair Trade may provide some evidence for the degree of consumer confidence or knowledge about what the respective labels purport to deliver. Consistent with the above results, we find that consumers are unlikely to choose Wild Grown coffee and are not willing to pay a price premium for this label.

Research paper thumbnail of Child Mortality and Indoor Air Pollution

How serious is indoor air pollution (IAP) a mortality threat to young children? This paper estima... more How serious is indoor air pollution (IAP) a mortality threat to young children? This paper estimates the causal effect of cooking fuel choice – a predominant cause of IAP – on infant mortality in India (1992-2016), where the most health-endangering biomass fuels are also most commonplace. Leveraging the speed of change in forest cover and land ownership for identification, we find polluting fuel choice to impose highly heterogeneous local infant mortality effects by age group (from insignificant to 4:7 percent increase) – implying the loss of two lives every 1,000 live births. These conclusions are robust to alternative estimation strategies and additional controls.

Research paper thumbnail of On Export Rivalry and the Greening of Agriculture – The Role of Eco-labels

Routledge eBooks, Nov 30, 2017

Research paper thumbnail of Négociation au sein des ménages ivoiriens : résultats expérimentaux en milieu rural

Revue d'économie du développement

Cette étude a été autorisée par le comité éthique de l'Université de Manchester. Nous remercions ... more Cette étude a été autorisée par le comité éthique de l'Université de Manchester. Nous remercions l'Académie Britannique pour le financement, l'éditeur en charge Axel Gastambide, une relectrice anonyme pour les commentaires constructifs, ainsi que Colas Malaise de l'Alliance Française de Manchester pour la relecture de la première version de cet article.

Research paper thumbnail of On Trade Policy Preference and Offshoring Ties

SSRN Electronic Journal

This paper unpacks the role of offshoring in the enforcement of trade agreements. In a two-countr... more This paper unpacks the role of offshoring in the enforcement of trade agreements. In a two-country model of task offshoring, we show that by depressing demand and thus demand for embodied labor, own-tariff effects on factor content weighted terms of trade are: (i) negative in upstream countries, backfiring on upstream workers, and (ii) positive in downstream countries which render imported labor tasks even cheaper. This progression in own-tariff effects on terms of trade along the supply chain presents a novel challenge to the effectiveness of dispute settlement rules designed to nullify unwarranted terms of trade gains. The pros and cons of deep trade integration as a remedy, involving well-enforced labor standards both upstream and downstream as an integral part of trade agreements, are highlighted.

Research paper thumbnail of Parental Risk Preferences, Maternal Bargaining Power, and the Educational Progressions of Children: Lab-in-The-Field Evidence from Rural Côte D'Ivoire

SSRN Electronic Journal

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Research paper thumbnail of Ethnic Fragmentation, Conflict, Displaced Persons and Human Trafficking: An Empirical Analysis

Social Science Research Network, 2010

Ethnic conflicts and their links to international human trafficking have recently received a surg... more Ethnic conflicts and their links to international human trafficking have recently received a surge in international attention. It appears that ethnic conflicts exacerbate the internal displacement of individuals from networks of family and community, and their access to economic and social safety nets. These same individuals are then vulnerable to being trafficked by the hopes of better economic prospects elsewhere. In this paper, we empirically examine this link between ethnic fragmentation, conflicts, internally displaced persons (IDPs), refugees and international trafficking, making use of a novel dataset of international trafficking. We conduct a direct estimation, which highlights the ultimate impact of ethnic fragmentation and conflict on international trafficking through internal and international displacements.

Research paper thumbnail of Rethinking border enforcement, permanent and circular migration

Economic Modelling, 2021

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Research paper thumbnail of Household Behavioral Preferences and the Child Labor-Education Trade-off: Framed Field Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia

Research Papers in Economics, 2020

Using data from the Rural Ethiopian Household Survey, which contains a behavioral module, we expl... more Using data from the Rural Ethiopian Household Survey, which contains a behavioral module, we explore the link between adult risk and time preferences and the incidence and the intensity of child labor. While as expected child labor at both the extensive and the intensive margin is a result of high time discount rates, the narrative behind the positive relationship between adult risk aversion and child labor is more complex. While child labor is clearly the result of risk aversion, more risk averse parents react to their uncertain environments by combining child labor and work as opposed to substituting schooling for child labor.

Research paper thumbnail of The Pro-Trade Bias of Offshoring

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021

Technological advance and improvements in communication technologies have facilitated the offshor... more Technological advance and improvements in communication technologies have facilitated the offshoring of jobs worldwide, where a typical scene following the supply chain involves developing countries importing finished products from developed countries that contain developing country labor content. We demonstrate that this pattern of offshoring can harbor a pro-trade bias, but only among countries upstream along the global supply chain. This upstream-downstream asymmetry has important implications on countries' (i) incentive to violate trade agreements, and (ii) ability to leverage the dispute settlement procedures to punish violators. We then show that a well-enforced set of labor standards in developing countries, such as a binding minimum wage, resolves this conundrum by reviving the ability of the developing countries to use countervailing tariffs to punish trade agreement violators.

Research paper thumbnail of The World Bank economic review 14 (1)

The World Bank Economic Review, Jan 31, 2000

The World Bank Economic Review is a professional journal for the dissemination of World Bankspons... more The World Bank Economic Review is a professional journal for the dissemination of World Banksponsored research that informs policy analyses and choices. It is directed to an international readership among economists and social scientists in government, husiness, and international agencies, as well as in universities and development research institutions. The Review emphasizes policy relevance and operational aspects of economics, rather than primarily theoretical and methodological issues. It is intended for readers familiar with economic theory and analvsis but not necessarilv proficient in advanced mathematical or econometric techniques. Articles will illustrate how professional research can shed light on policy choices. Inconsistency with Bank policy will not be grounds for rejection of an article. Articles will be drawn primarily from work conducted by World Bank staff and consultants. Before being accepted for publication bv the Editorial Board, all articles are reviexved hy two referees who are not members of the Bank's staff and one World Bank staff member; articles must also he recommended hy at least one external member of the Editorial Board. The Rev'iert may on occasion publish articles on specified topics by non-Bank contributors. Any reader interested in preparing such an article is invited to submit a proposal of not more than two pages in length to the Editor. The views and interpretations expressed in this journal are those of the authors and do not necessarilv represent the views and policies of the World Bank or of its Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequences of their use. When maps are used, the boundaries, denominations, and other information do not iiiplv on the part of the World Bank Group any judgment on the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Comments or brief notes responding to Review articles are welcome and will be considered for publication to the extent that space permits.

Research paper thumbnail of New Frontiers in Environmental and Social Labeling

Sustainability and Innovation, 2007

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Research paper thumbnail of Aversion to Poverty and Relative Deprivation? An Experimental Analysis of Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Fair Trade Coffee

sire.ac.uk

What product attributes do consumers account for in their willingness to pay for labeled products... more What product attributes do consumers account for in their willingness to pay for labeled products? This question has received scant attention in the theoretical and empirical literature on the prevalence of a price premium for social and eco-labeled products. Based on the eligibility criteria of the Fair Trade program for Coffee we develop a theoretical model and design a conjoint experiment to test whether consumers' willingness to pay a price premium indeed exhibit poverty aversion. In particular, we focus on two attributes of the Fair Trade label for coffee-participation of poor producers, and the associated income guarantee-to analyze how respondents value information regarding both the Fair Trade program and the label performance in their willingness to pay. We show that for a majority of respondents (University students in the United States), the relationship between increase in label performance and the willingness to pay higher prices exhibit an inverted-U pattern. Starting from either very low levels of participation by poor producers, or low income guarantees to them by the Fair Trade label, respondents' willingness to pay points to an interplay between poverty aversion and worsening relative deprivation amongst poor producers that a Fair Trade label engenders. On one hand, while aversion to poverty may well lead respondents to pay a higher price as the number of poor producers included in the program increase, the very same poverty aversion also deepens relative deprivation for poor producers excluded from the program. This latter effect may result in a decline in the willingness to pay as producer participation and income guarantee cross a critical threshold.

Research paper thumbnail of Differential health reporting error among older adults in India

WIDER Working Paper

provides economic analysis and policy advice with the aim of promoting sustainable and equitable ... more provides economic analysis and policy advice with the aim of promoting sustainable and equitable development. The Institute began operations in 1985 in Helsinki, Finland, as the first research and training centre of the United Nations University. Today it is a unique blend of think tank, research institute, and UN agency-providing a range of services from policy advice to governments as well as freely available original research. The Institute is funded through income from an endowment fund with additional contributions to its work programme from Finland and Sweden, as well as earmarked contributions for specific projects from a variety of donors.

Research paper thumbnail of of LaborTax Evasion, Minimum Wage Non-Compliance and Informality

Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published i... more Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to enco...

Research paper thumbnail of Consequences of Offshoring to Developing Nations: Labor‐Market Outcomes, Welfare, and Corrective Interventions

Research paper thumbnail of Job Creation in a Multi-Sector Labor Market Model for Developing Economies

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016

Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published i... more Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Research paper thumbnail of Household Preferences and Child Labor in Rural Ethiopia

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Research paper thumbnail of Offshoring to a Developing Nation with a Dual Labor Market

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020

Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research pu... more Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world's largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

Research paper thumbnail of Migration Gravity, Networks, and Unemployment

SSRN Electronic Journal

We develop and estimate a theory-consistent gravity equation for interregional migration flows in... more We develop and estimate a theory-consistent gravity equation for interregional migration flows in the presence of unemployment. Micro-founded in a setting where search friction regulates labor market transitions, we derive a migration gravity equation for bilateral mobility that embodies a co-determined local unemployment term. As a theory of migration, our model connects directly with longstanding migration puzzles (e.g. declining internal mobility) as well as more recent developments (e.g. home bias). As a model of unemployment, a migration gravity approach uncovers novel interregional roots of local unemployment, and furnishes an unemployment sufficient statistic interpretation to the familiar multilateral migration resistance term. We empirically test the predictions of the model using U.S. county-level data on bilateral migration and unemployment rates, bilateral connectedness data such as Facebook friendship links, and instrumental variable identification based on a novel similarity index of counties' historical ethnic-composition.

Research paper thumbnail of Multiple certifications and consumer purchase decisions: a case study of willingness to pay for coffee in Germany

Fair Trade and organic agriculture: a winning combination?

This study contributes to the literature on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for certified cof... more This study contributes to the literature on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for certified coffee with the main objective of trying to understand consumer choices in the presence of (i) multiple labels and (ii) multiple certifications within each label type. The multiple labels we consider are Fair Trade, Wild Grown and Organic coffee while multiple certifications within each of these three main labels include permutations such as Fair Trade + Organic and Organic + Wild Grown. We find that consumers' WTP for the Organic label has the highest mean value but also the highest dispersion of any of the WTP distributions. The distribution of WTP for the Fair Trade label, while somewhat lower than Organic, has a much tighter distribution about around its mean. Comparing the shape of the distributed WTP for Organic versus Fair Trade may provide some evidence for the degree of consumer confidence or knowledge about what the respective labels purport to deliver. Consistent with the above results, we find that consumers are unlikely to choose Wild Grown coffee and are not willing to pay a price premium for this label.

Research paper thumbnail of Child Mortality and Indoor Air Pollution

How serious is indoor air pollution (IAP) a mortality threat to young children? This paper estima... more How serious is indoor air pollution (IAP) a mortality threat to young children? This paper estimates the causal effect of cooking fuel choice – a predominant cause of IAP – on infant mortality in India (1992-2016), where the most health-endangering biomass fuels are also most commonplace. Leveraging the speed of change in forest cover and land ownership for identification, we find polluting fuel choice to impose highly heterogeneous local infant mortality effects by age group (from insignificant to 4:7 percent increase) – implying the loss of two lives every 1,000 live births. These conclusions are robust to alternative estimation strategies and additional controls.