Arthur Medeiros - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Arthur Medeiros

Auwahi district on East Maui extends from sea level to about 6800 feet (1790 meters) elevation at... more Auwahi district on East Maui extends from sea level to about 6800 feet (1790 meters) elevation at the southwest rift of leeward Haleakalā volcano. In botanical references, Auwahi currently refers to a centrally located, fairly large (5400 acres) stand of diverse dry forest at 3000-5000 feet (9151525 meters) elevation surrounded by less diverse forest and more open-statured shrubland on lava. Auwahi contains high native tree diversity with 50 dryland species, many with extremely hard, durable, and heavy wood. To early Hawaiians, forests like Auwahi must have seemed an invaluable source of unique natural materials, especially the wide variety of woods for tool making for agriculture and fishing, canoe building, kapa making, and weapons. Of the 50 species of native trees at Auwahi, 19 species (38%) are known to have been used for medicine, 13 species (26%) for tool-making, 13 species (26%) for canoe building 13 species (26%) for house building, 8 species (16%) for tools for making kapa...

Restoration Ecology, 2017

Shiels, Aaron B.; Medeiros, Arthur; and von Allmen, Erica I., "Shifts in an invasive rodent commu... more Shiels, Aaron B.; Medeiros, Arthur; and von Allmen, Erica I., "Shifts in an invasive rodent community favoring Black rats (Rattus rattus) following restoration of native forest" (2017).

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry, 2009

The erythrina gall wasp (EGW), believed native to Africa, is a recently described species and now... more The erythrina gall wasp (EGW), believed native to Africa, is a recently described species and now serious invasive pest of Erythrina (coral trees) in tropical and subtropical locales. Erythrina are favored ornamental and landscape trees, as well as na- tive members of threatened ecosystems. The EGW is a tiny, highly mobile, highly invasive wasp that deforms (galls) host trees causing severe defoliation and tree death. The first detection of EGW in the United States was in Oahu, Hawaii in April 2005. It quickly spread through the Hawaiian island chain (U.S.) killing ornamental and native Erythrina in as little as two years. At risk are endemic populations of Erythrina as well as ornamental landscape species in the same genus, the latter of which have already been killed and removed from Oahu at a cost of more than USD $1 million. Because EGW are so small and spread so quickly, host injury is usually detected before adult wasps are observed, making prophylactic treatments less likely ...

Summary Despite Hawaii’s reputation as an extinction icon, significant biological resources remai... more Summary Despite Hawaii’s reputation as an extinction icon, significant biological resources remain, especially in watersheds, natural areas, and specialized edaphic sites (e.g., lava dry forest, coastal). While direct habitat destruction by humans continues, human-facilitated biological invaders are currently the primary agents of continuing degradation. The ability of invasive plants to have prolific seed production, efficient dispersal systems, and to become established in dense vegetation, complicated by Hawaii’s rugged topography, appears to render mechanical and chemical control as mere holding actions. Costly, ‘environmentally unfriendly’, and often ineffective, strategies using chemical and mechanical control on a large scale, despite the most valiant of efforts, can be viewed simply as attempts to buy time. Without increased levels of safely tested biological control, the seemingly inevitable result is the landscape level transformation of native forests, with potentially ca...

Charles Lamoureux who died unexpectedly in 2001. Dr. Duffy's skills as an editor and his keen int... more Charles Lamoureux who died unexpectedly in 2001. Dr. Duffy's skills as an editor and his keen intellect have benefited this dissertation substantially. Dr. Lloyd Loope helped develop the initial concepts and scope of the research project which turned out to be my dissertation project. He counseled me throughout and kept me centered on work which would have the greatest value in conservation and management. Dr. Robert Robichaux has served beyond the normal call of duty, as a friend, counsel, and advisor. His thoughts and critiques shaped this work and increased its contribution to the growing literature on invasive species.

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

Abstract: The western yellowjacket Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure) has become established on the ... more Abstract: The western yellowjacket Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure) has become established on the island of Maui since its initial appearance in 1978. On eastern Maui, colonies show a bimodal elevational distribution with peaks at 600-1,050 m and 2,400-...

Pacific Science, 2000

Mus musculus and Rattus rattus are ubiquitous consumers in the high-elevation shrubland of Haleak... more Mus musculus and Rattus rattus are ubiquitous consumers in the high-elevation shrubland of Haleakala National Park. Food habits of these two rodent species were determined from stomach samples obtained by snaptrapping along transects located at four different elevations during November 1984 and February, May, and August 1985. Mus musculus fed primarily on fruits, grass seeds, and arthropods. Rattus rattus ate various fruits, dicot leaves, and arthropods. Arthropods, many of which are endemic, were taken frequently by Mus musculus throughout the year at the highest elevation where plant food resources were scarce. Araneida, Lepidoptera (primarily larvae), Coleoptera, and Homoptera were the main arthropod taxa taken. These rodents, particularly Mus musculus, exert strong predation pressure on populations of arthropod species, including locally endemic species on upper Haleakala Volcano.

Two unusual greenswards occurring on Pu'u 'Alaea in 1989 re­ portedly possessed vegetativ... more Two unusual greenswards occurring on Pu'u 'Alaea in 1989 re­ portedly possessed vegetative features characteristic of the presumed extir­ pated species Argyroxiphium virescens Hillebr. One of these Pu'u 'Alaea plants flowered in August 1989, allowing detailed comparisons with preserved speci­ mens of A. virescens as well as other species and hybrids of Argyroxiphium native to East Maui. These comparisons suggest

Action!Committee_(MAC),_and_now, its current successor, the Maui Invasive Species Committee, has ... more Action!Committee_(MAC),_and_now, its current successor, the Maui Invasive Species Committee, has been worlung to combat the spread of M. calvescens and other invasive weeds on the island of Maui through continued manual and chemical control efforts of known populations, reconnaissance and surveys for new or undiscovered populations or outliers, continuing public education and outreach, and support tor biocontrol. This report will exclusively focus on the history and status of manual and chemical control efforts of the Hana M. calvescens population and include information and monitoring data cited in previous publications.

Dry forest with communities of native shrub lands and groves of native trees. Vegetation communit... more Dry forest with communities of native shrub lands and groves of native trees. Vegetation communities: 'A'ali'i (Qodonaea) Lowland Shrublands, Lama (Qiospyros) Forest, and Wiliwili (Ervthrina) Forest. There is also a large stand ofHalapepe (£Ieomele). Principal non-native pest plants include Lantana (Lantana camara), Koa haole (Leucena leococephala), Molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora), Bocconia fiutescens, and Red top (Rhnychelytrum repens).

This paper represents the observations of many individuals and could not be made without their su... more This paper represents the observations of many individuals and could not be made without their support and shared efforts. Special thanks go out to Stephen J. Anderson, William P. Haus, and Patti Welton of the Haleakah National Park Resources Management division who, with their botanical expertise and first hand field knowledge, have provided innumerable contributions to this document; without their assistance it would not have been thoroughly updated and completed. We thank Robert W. Hobdy who has generously shared his extensive knowledge of the Hawaiian flora, contributing much to our understanding of Maui's natural history. We thank Betsy H. Gagne and Ronald J. Nagata for their shared knowledge based on years of extensive field work in the Park. We thank the late Dr. Harold St. John (1892-1991) for much encouragement and for the taxonomic insights and knowledge so unselfishly given to the senior author in early years. To these we say: Mahalo a mau loa.

Auwahi district on East Maui extends from sea level to about 6800 feet (1790 meters) elevation at... more Auwahi district on East Maui extends from sea level to about 6800 feet (1790 meters) elevation at the southwest rift of leeward Haleakalā volcano. In botanical references, Auwahi currently refers to a centrally located, fairly large (5400 acres) stand of diverse dry forest at 3000-5000 feet (9151525 meters) elevation surrounded by less diverse forest and more open-statured shrubland on lava. Auwahi contains high native tree diversity with 50 dryland species, many with extremely hard, durable, and heavy wood. To early Hawaiians, forests like Auwahi must have seemed an invaluable source of unique natural materials, especially the wide variety of woods for tool making for agriculture and fishing, canoe building, kapa making, and weapons. Of the 50 species of native trees at Auwahi, 19 species (38%) are known to have been used for medicine, 13 species (26%) for tool-making, 13 species (26%) for canoe building 13 species (26%) for house building, 8 species (16%) for tools for making kapa...

Restoration Ecology, 2017

Shiels, Aaron B.; Medeiros, Arthur; and von Allmen, Erica I., "Shifts in an invasive rodent commu... more Shiels, Aaron B.; Medeiros, Arthur; and von Allmen, Erica I., "Shifts in an invasive rodent community favoring Black rats (Rattus rattus) following restoration of native forest" (2017).

Arboriculture and Urban Forestry, 2009

The erythrina gall wasp (EGW), believed native to Africa, is a recently described species and now... more The erythrina gall wasp (EGW), believed native to Africa, is a recently described species and now serious invasive pest of Erythrina (coral trees) in tropical and subtropical locales. Erythrina are favored ornamental and landscape trees, as well as na- tive members of threatened ecosystems. The EGW is a tiny, highly mobile, highly invasive wasp that deforms (galls) host trees causing severe defoliation and tree death. The first detection of EGW in the United States was in Oahu, Hawaii in April 2005. It quickly spread through the Hawaiian island chain (U.S.) killing ornamental and native Erythrina in as little as two years. At risk are endemic populations of Erythrina as well as ornamental landscape species in the same genus, the latter of which have already been killed and removed from Oahu at a cost of more than USD $1 million. Because EGW are so small and spread so quickly, host injury is usually detected before adult wasps are observed, making prophylactic treatments less likely ...

Summary Despite Hawaii’s reputation as an extinction icon, significant biological resources remai... more Summary Despite Hawaii’s reputation as an extinction icon, significant biological resources remain, especially in watersheds, natural areas, and specialized edaphic sites (e.g., lava dry forest, coastal). While direct habitat destruction by humans continues, human-facilitated biological invaders are currently the primary agents of continuing degradation. The ability of invasive plants to have prolific seed production, efficient dispersal systems, and to become established in dense vegetation, complicated by Hawaii’s rugged topography, appears to render mechanical and chemical control as mere holding actions. Costly, ‘environmentally unfriendly’, and often ineffective, strategies using chemical and mechanical control on a large scale, despite the most valiant of efforts, can be viewed simply as attempts to buy time. Without increased levels of safely tested biological control, the seemingly inevitable result is the landscape level transformation of native forests, with potentially ca...

Charles Lamoureux who died unexpectedly in 2001. Dr. Duffy's skills as an editor and his keen int... more Charles Lamoureux who died unexpectedly in 2001. Dr. Duffy's skills as an editor and his keen intellect have benefited this dissertation substantially. Dr. Lloyd Loope helped develop the initial concepts and scope of the research project which turned out to be my dissertation project. He counseled me throughout and kept me centered on work which would have the greatest value in conservation and management. Dr. Robert Robichaux has served beyond the normal call of duty, as a friend, counsel, and advisor. His thoughts and critiques shaped this work and increased its contribution to the growing literature on invasive species.

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

Abstract: The western yellowjacket Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure) has become established on the ... more Abstract: The western yellowjacket Vespula pensylvanica (Saussure) has become established on the island of Maui since its initial appearance in 1978. On eastern Maui, colonies show a bimodal elevational distribution with peaks at 600-1,050 m and 2,400-...

Pacific Science, 2000

Mus musculus and Rattus rattus are ubiquitous consumers in the high-elevation shrubland of Haleak... more Mus musculus and Rattus rattus are ubiquitous consumers in the high-elevation shrubland of Haleakala National Park. Food habits of these two rodent species were determined from stomach samples obtained by snaptrapping along transects located at four different elevations during November 1984 and February, May, and August 1985. Mus musculus fed primarily on fruits, grass seeds, and arthropods. Rattus rattus ate various fruits, dicot leaves, and arthropods. Arthropods, many of which are endemic, were taken frequently by Mus musculus throughout the year at the highest elevation where plant food resources were scarce. Araneida, Lepidoptera (primarily larvae), Coleoptera, and Homoptera were the main arthropod taxa taken. These rodents, particularly Mus musculus, exert strong predation pressure on populations of arthropod species, including locally endemic species on upper Haleakala Volcano.

Two unusual greenswards occurring on Pu'u 'Alaea in 1989 re­ portedly possessed vegetativ... more Two unusual greenswards occurring on Pu'u 'Alaea in 1989 re­ portedly possessed vegetative features characteristic of the presumed extir­ pated species Argyroxiphium virescens Hillebr. One of these Pu'u 'Alaea plants flowered in August 1989, allowing detailed comparisons with preserved speci­ mens of A. virescens as well as other species and hybrids of Argyroxiphium native to East Maui. These comparisons suggest

Action!Committee_(MAC),_and_now, its current successor, the Maui Invasive Species Committee, has ... more Action!Committee_(MAC),_and_now, its current successor, the Maui Invasive Species Committee, has been worlung to combat the spread of M. calvescens and other invasive weeds on the island of Maui through continued manual and chemical control efforts of known populations, reconnaissance and surveys for new or undiscovered populations or outliers, continuing public education and outreach, and support tor biocontrol. This report will exclusively focus on the history and status of manual and chemical control efforts of the Hana M. calvescens population and include information and monitoring data cited in previous publications.

Dry forest with communities of native shrub lands and groves of native trees. Vegetation communit... more Dry forest with communities of native shrub lands and groves of native trees. Vegetation communities: 'A'ali'i (Qodonaea) Lowland Shrublands, Lama (Qiospyros) Forest, and Wiliwili (Ervthrina) Forest. There is also a large stand ofHalapepe (£Ieomele). Principal non-native pest plants include Lantana (Lantana camara), Koa haole (Leucena leococephala), Molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora), Bocconia fiutescens, and Red top (Rhnychelytrum repens).

This paper represents the observations of many individuals and could not be made without their su... more This paper represents the observations of many individuals and could not be made without their support and shared efforts. Special thanks go out to Stephen J. Anderson, William P. Haus, and Patti Welton of the Haleakah National Park Resources Management division who, with their botanical expertise and first hand field knowledge, have provided innumerable contributions to this document; without their assistance it would not have been thoroughly updated and completed. We thank Robert W. Hobdy who has generously shared his extensive knowledge of the Hawaiian flora, contributing much to our understanding of Maui's natural history. We thank Betsy H. Gagne and Ronald J. Nagata for their shared knowledge based on years of extensive field work in the Park. We thank the late Dr. Harold St. John (1892-1991) for much encouragement and for the taxonomic insights and knowledge so unselfishly given to the senior author in early years. To these we say: Mahalo a mau loa.