Arthur Stewart - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Arthur Stewart
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Govern... more This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily corrstitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. * Portions DISCLAMER of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original d O~~t ,. . Life-cycle testing of receiving watek with Ceriodaphniu dubia
The Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2003
Saltwater spills that make soil excessively saline often occur at petroleum exploration and produ... more Saltwater spills that make soil excessively saline often occur at petroleum exploration and production (E&P) sites and are ecologically damaging. Brine scars appear when produced water from an E&P site is spilled onto surrounding soil, causing loss of vegetation and subsequent soil erosion. Revegetating lands damaged by brine water can be difficult. The research reported here considers earthworms as a bioremedial treatment for increasing the salt mobility in this soil and encouraging plant growth and a healthy balance of soil nutrients. To determine the practical application of earthworms to remediate brine-contaminated soil, a 17-d test was conducted to establish salt tolerance levels for the common compost earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and relate those levels to soil salinity at brine-spill sites. Soil samples were amended with sodium chloride in concentrations ranging from 1 to 15 g/kg, which represent contamination levels at some spill sites. The survival rate of the earthworms was near 90% in all tested concentrations. Also, reproduction was noted in a number of the lower-concentration test replicates but absent above the 3-g/kg concentrations. Information gathered in this investigation can be used as reference in further studies of the tolerance of earthworms to salty soils, as results suggest that E. fetida more » is a good candidate to enhance remediation at brine-damaged sites. « less
Environmental discourses in science education, 2017
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Plant Physiology, 1982
A compound that quantitatively correlated with chlorophyll a could be measured fluorometricafly I... more A compound that quantitatively correlated with chlorophyll a could be measured fluorometricafly In the extracts of leaves of three aquatic angiosperms (MyriphylUm heterophylim Michx., Potamogeton crispus L., Elodea canadensis Michx.) treated with the tissue solubilizer BTS-450. Fluorescent characteristics of the solubilzed plant tissues were stable for several weeks In the dark at temperatures up to 60°C but rapidly degraded in sunlight or when acidifed. "C-Labeled photosynthate, which had been fixed by leaf discs during 1to 10-hour exposure to H140C3, was also (OCE-76-84264). Contribution No. 460, W.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Aug 1, 2002
Current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contami... more Current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contaminants as quickly and efficiently as possible, but not necessarily with postremediation soil biological quality as a primary objective. To test a simple postbioremediation technique, we added earthworms {Eisenia fetidd) or wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw to petroleum land-farm soil and measured biological quality of the soil as responses in plant growth, soil respiration, and oil and grease (O&G) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations. Results indicated that plant growth was greater in earthworm-treated land-farm soil. Furthermore, addition of wheat straw resulted in greater total respiration in all soils tested (land-farm soil, noncontaminated reference soil, and a 1:1 mixture of land-farm and reference soils). We observed a 30% increase in soil respiration in straw-amended oily soil, whereas respiration increased by 246% in straw-amended reference soil. Much of the difference between oily and reference soils was attributable to higher basal respiration rates of nonamended oily soil compared to nonamended reference soil. Addition of earthworms resulted in greater total respiration of all soil and straw treatments except two (the land-farm and the 1:1 mixture soil treatments without straw). Straw and earthworm treatments did not affect O&G or TPH concentrations. Nevertheless, our findings that earthworm additions improved plant growth and that straw additions enhanced microbial activity in land-farm soil suggest that these treatments may be compatible with plant-based remediation techniques currently under evaluation in field trials, and could reduce the time required to restore soil ecosystem function.
Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin, Apr 13, 2023
Plant Physiol.; (United States), 1982
A compound that quantitatively correlated with chlorophyll ..cap alpha.. could be measured fluoro... more A compound that quantitatively correlated with chlorophyll ..cap alpha.. could be measured fluorometrically in the extracts of leaves of three aquatic angiosperms (Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx., Potamogeton crispus L., Elodea canadensis Michx.) treated with the tissue solubilizer BTS-450. Fluorescent characteristics of the solubilized plant tissues were stable for several weeks in the dark at temperatures up to 60/sup 0/C but rapidly degraded in sunlight or when acidified. /sup 14/C-Labeled photosynthate, which had been fixed by leaf discs during 1- to 10-hour exposure to H/sup 14/CO/sub 3/, was also readily extracted by the tissue solubilizer. Solubilizer extraction can, therefore, be used to determine both chlorophyll ..cap alpha.. content and /sup 14/C incorporation rates in the same leaf sample. The method is practical, because no grinding is required, the fluorescent characteristics of the extracts are stable, and analyses can be performed with very little plant material (about 3 milligrams).
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, May 1, 1992
Potamogeton foliosus (an aquatic plant) and filamentous algae from a settling basin with contamin... more Potamogeton foliosus (an aquatic plant) and filamentous algae from a settling basin with contaminated sediment became enriched with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Co, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Mn, U, and Zn During the growing season, large amounts of the contaminated Potamogeton foliosus and algae were exported downstream from this basin to East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) We used drift nets to estimate the loading rates of the plants to EFPC, analyzed samples of the plants for metals, and conducted a series of experiments with snails (Elirnra clavaeformis), amphipods (Gammarus sp), and a microcrustacean (Cerrodaphnra dubia) to evaluate the possible effects of inputs of the vegetation to EFPC biota Little of the vegetation that entered the stream was transported intact as far as 1 4 km During the growing season, inputs of organic carbon to this 1 4-km segment of stream due to the deposition of the plants were at least 2 4 times greater than autochthonous production Thus the vegetation was bioenergetically important to at least a 1 to 3-km reach of EFPC The experiments showed that all three types of animals could distinguish between contaminated (CON) and noncontaminated (NC) Potamogeton foliosus Snails preferred the NC plants over the CON plants, these animals also had lower growth rates on CON plants than on NC plants Amphipods preferred CON plants over NC plants in a 48-h experiment, but preferred NC plants over CON plants in a 7 d experiment Leachates prepared from CON Potarnogeton foliosus were toxic to Ceriodaphnia, those prepared from NC Potamogeton fobohus were not Energy-subsidy and/or contaminated food aspects of the Potamogeton inputs could help explain why pollution sensitive invertebrates such as mayflies and stoneflies are not present in EFPC immediately downstream from the settling basin
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2002
Current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contami... more Current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contaminants as quickly and efficiently as possible, but not necessarily with postremediation soil biological quality as a primary objective. To test a simple postbioremediation technique, we added earthworms {Eisenia fetidd) or wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw to petroleum land-farm soil and measured biological quality of the soil as responses in plant growth, soil respiration, and oil and grease (O&G) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations. Results indicated that plant growth was greater in earthworm-treated land-farm soil. Furthermore, addition of wheat straw resulted in greater total respiration in all soils tested (land-farm soil, noncontaminated reference soil, and a 1:1 mixture of land-farm and reference soils). We observed a 30% increase in soil respiration in straw-amended oily soil, whereas respiration increased by 246% in straw-amended reference soil. Much of the difference between oily and reference soils was attributable to higher basal respiration rates of nonamended oily soil compared to nonamended reference soil. Addition of earthworms resulted in greater total respiration of all soil and straw treatments except two (the land-farm and the 1:1 mixture soil treatments without straw). Straw and earthworm treatments did not affect O&G or TPH concentrations. Nevertheless, our findings that earthworm additions improved plant growth and that straw additions enhanced microbial activity in land-farm soil suggest that these treatments may be compatible with plant-based remediation techniques currently under evaluation in field trials, and could reduce the time required to restore soil ecosystem function.
Limnology and Oceanography, May 1, 1980
Environmental Biology of Fishes, Dec 1, 1986
... Ecology 65: 523-528. Power, ME &amp; WJ Matthews. 1983. Algae-grazing minnows (Campos... more ... Ecology 65: 523-528. Power, ME &amp; WJ Matthews. 1983. Algae-grazing minnows (Campostoma anomalum), piscivorous bass (Micropterus spp.), and the distribution of attached algae in a small prairie-margin stream. Oecologia 60: 328-332. ...
Limnology and Oceanography, May 1, 1981
PUSTELNIKOV, 0. S. 1976. Absolutwerte der Masse an Sedimentmaterial und das Tempo rezenter Sedime... more PUSTELNIKOV, 0. S. 1976. Absolutwerte der Masse an Sedimentmaterial und das Tempo rezenter Sedimentation in der Ostsee. Beitr. Meereskunde 38: 81-93.
American Midland Naturalist, Apr 1, 1987
334 The American Midland Naturalist 117(2) Creek may dry completely by late summer, the 1-km stud... more 334 The American Midland Naturalist 117(2) Creek may dry completely by late summer, the 1-km study reach described here re-mains free-flowing in all but very dry years. The stream channel is incised 2-3 m into sandstone bedrock and Cretaceous deposits of marine limestone. ...
Springer eBooks, 2021
In the original version of the book, the following correction has been incorporated: The chapter ... more In the original version of the book, the following correction has been incorporated: The chapter author's, "Sophia (Sun Kyung) Jeong", first and last names have been corrected. The correction chapter and book have been updated with the change.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Aug 1, 1989
Oecologia, 1991
Surveys of 262 pools in 3 small streams in eastern Tennessee demonstrated a strong positive relat... more Surveys of 262 pools in 3 small streams in eastern Tennessee demonstrated a strong positive relationship between pool depth and the size of the largest fish within a pool (P< 0.001). Similarly, the largest colonizers of newly-created deep pools were larger than the colonizers of shallow pools. We explored the role of predation risk in contributing to the "bigger fish-deeper habitat" pattern, which has been noted by others, by conducting five manipulative field experiments in two streams. Three experiments used stoneroller minnows (Campostoma anomalum); one used creek chubs (Semotilus atromaculatus) ; and one used striped shiners (Notropis chrysocephalus). The stoneroller experiments showed that survival of fish approximately 100 mm in total length (TL) was much lower in shallow pools (10 cm deep) than in deep (40 cm maximum) pools (19% versus 80% survival over 12 d in one experiment) and added cover markedly increased stoneroller survival in shallow pools (from 49% to 96% in an ll-d experiment). The creek chub experiment showed that, as for stonerollers, pool depth markedly influenced survival: the chubs survived an average of 4.9 d in shallow pools and > 10.8 d in deep pools. In the striped shiner experiment in shallow artificial streamside troughs, no individuals 75-100 mm TL survived as long as 13 d, whereas smaller (20-25 mm) fish had 100% survival over 13 d. The results of the experiments show that predation risk from wading/diving animals (e.g., herons and raccoons) is much higher for larger fishes in shallow water than for these fishes in deeper water or for smaller fish in shallow water. We discuss the role of predation risk from two sources (piscivorous fish, which are more effective in deeper habitats, and diving/wading predators, which are more effective in shallow habitats) in contributing to the bigger fish-deeper habitat pattern in streams.
Published in 2019, 2019
86 4.23 Assimilation of Anthracene by Fish 89 4.2.4 Efficiency of Extraction of Contaminants by F... more 86 4.23 Assimilation of Anthracene by Fish 89 4.2.4 Efficiency of Extraction of Contaminants by Fish Gills 90 A2J5 Significance of DOM on Transport and Bioavailability 92 4.2.6 Predicting the Binding Affinity of DOM for Contaminants 97 4J2.7 Summary of Results and Conclusions 100 4.2.8 Future Studies 102 4.Z8.1 Role of dissolved sorbents in EFPC 102 4.2.8.2 Sediments as a source or sink for contaminants 102 A2J&3 Seasonal and physiological factors in contaminant bioaccumulation 103 iv Page 6.23 Results 6.23.1 Spedes composition and richness 6.23.2 Density and biomass 6.233 Growth and condition 6.2.3.4 Fish movement/growth studies 62.4 Discussion 6JL4.1 Spedes composition and ridmess 62.42 Spedes abundance 6.2.43 Fish movements 6.23 Future Studies 63 INTERPRETATION OF BIOTIC CHANGES
Water Air and Soil Pollution
We evaluate environmental impacts associated with sulfur-baseddechlorinating agents (sodium bisul... more We evaluate environmental impacts associated with sulfur-baseddechlorinating agents (sodium bisulfite and sodium thiosulfate)commonly used in industrial wastewater treatment by presentingdata from two examples for Department of Energy facilities inTennessee and Kentucky. One case involved a fish kill (> 24,000 fish) caused directly by sodium bisulfite; the second describes a near-miss situation resulting from over-dosing with sodium thiosulfate. Toxicity tests showed that overfeed situations withsodium thiosulfate or sodium bisulfite can depress pH and dissolved oxygen, causing mortality of fish. Bacteria also can metabolize some sulfur-based dechlorinating agents, thereby increasing the potential for reductions in pH and concentrationsof dissolved oxygen. Although removing toxic levels of chlorine is important when releasing chlorine-containing wastewaters to aquatic systems, waste-treatment plant operators should also beaware of significant impacts that can occur if sulfur-base...
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Govern... more This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily corrstitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. * Portions DISCLAMER of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original d O~~t ,. . Life-cycle testing of receiving watek with Ceriodaphniu dubia
The Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2003
Saltwater spills that make soil excessively saline often occur at petroleum exploration and produ... more Saltwater spills that make soil excessively saline often occur at petroleum exploration and production (E&P) sites and are ecologically damaging. Brine scars appear when produced water from an E&P site is spilled onto surrounding soil, causing loss of vegetation and subsequent soil erosion. Revegetating lands damaged by brine water can be difficult. The research reported here considers earthworms as a bioremedial treatment for increasing the salt mobility in this soil and encouraging plant growth and a healthy balance of soil nutrients. To determine the practical application of earthworms to remediate brine-contaminated soil, a 17-d test was conducted to establish salt tolerance levels for the common compost earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and relate those levels to soil salinity at brine-spill sites. Soil samples were amended with sodium chloride in concentrations ranging from 1 to 15 g/kg, which represent contamination levels at some spill sites. The survival rate of the earthworms was near 90% in all tested concentrations. Also, reproduction was noted in a number of the lower-concentration test replicates but absent above the 3-g/kg concentrations. Information gathered in this investigation can be used as reference in further studies of the tolerance of earthworms to salty soils, as results suggest that E. fetida more » is a good candidate to enhance remediation at brine-damaged sites. « less
Environmental discourses in science education, 2017
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this p... more The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Plant Physiology, 1982
A compound that quantitatively correlated with chlorophyll a could be measured fluorometricafly I... more A compound that quantitatively correlated with chlorophyll a could be measured fluorometricafly In the extracts of leaves of three aquatic angiosperms (MyriphylUm heterophylim Michx., Potamogeton crispus L., Elodea canadensis Michx.) treated with the tissue solubilizer BTS-450. Fluorescent characteristics of the solubilzed plant tissues were stable for several weeks In the dark at temperatures up to 60°C but rapidly degraded in sunlight or when acidifed. "C-Labeled photosynthate, which had been fixed by leaf discs during 1to 10-hour exposure to H140C3, was also (OCE-76-84264). Contribution No. 460, W.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Aug 1, 2002
Current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contami... more Current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contaminants as quickly and efficiently as possible, but not necessarily with postremediation soil biological quality as a primary objective. To test a simple postbioremediation technique, we added earthworms {Eisenia fetidd) or wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw to petroleum land-farm soil and measured biological quality of the soil as responses in plant growth, soil respiration, and oil and grease (O&G) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations. Results indicated that plant growth was greater in earthworm-treated land-farm soil. Furthermore, addition of wheat straw resulted in greater total respiration in all soils tested (land-farm soil, noncontaminated reference soil, and a 1:1 mixture of land-farm and reference soils). We observed a 30% increase in soil respiration in straw-amended oily soil, whereas respiration increased by 246% in straw-amended reference soil. Much of the difference between oily and reference soils was attributable to higher basal respiration rates of nonamended oily soil compared to nonamended reference soil. Addition of earthworms resulted in greater total respiration of all soil and straw treatments except two (the land-farm and the 1:1 mixture soil treatments without straw). Straw and earthworm treatments did not affect O&G or TPH concentrations. Nevertheless, our findings that earthworm additions improved plant growth and that straw additions enhanced microbial activity in land-farm soil suggest that these treatments may be compatible with plant-based remediation techniques currently under evaluation in field trials, and could reduce the time required to restore soil ecosystem function.
Limnology and Oceanography Bulletin, Apr 13, 2023
Plant Physiol.; (United States), 1982
A compound that quantitatively correlated with chlorophyll ..cap alpha.. could be measured fluoro... more A compound that quantitatively correlated with chlorophyll ..cap alpha.. could be measured fluorometrically in the extracts of leaves of three aquatic angiosperms (Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx., Potamogeton crispus L., Elodea canadensis Michx.) treated with the tissue solubilizer BTS-450. Fluorescent characteristics of the solubilized plant tissues were stable for several weeks in the dark at temperatures up to 60/sup 0/C but rapidly degraded in sunlight or when acidified. /sup 14/C-Labeled photosynthate, which had been fixed by leaf discs during 1- to 10-hour exposure to H/sup 14/CO/sub 3/, was also readily extracted by the tissue solubilizer. Solubilizer extraction can, therefore, be used to determine both chlorophyll ..cap alpha.. content and /sup 14/C incorporation rates in the same leaf sample. The method is practical, because no grinding is required, the fluorescent characteristics of the extracts are stable, and analyses can be performed with very little plant material (about 3 milligrams).
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, May 1, 1992
Potamogeton foliosus (an aquatic plant) and filamentous algae from a settling basin with contamin... more Potamogeton foliosus (an aquatic plant) and filamentous algae from a settling basin with contaminated sediment became enriched with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Co, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Mn, U, and Zn During the growing season, large amounts of the contaminated Potamogeton foliosus and algae were exported downstream from this basin to East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) We used drift nets to estimate the loading rates of the plants to EFPC, analyzed samples of the plants for metals, and conducted a series of experiments with snails (Elirnra clavaeformis), amphipods (Gammarus sp), and a microcrustacean (Cerrodaphnra dubia) to evaluate the possible effects of inputs of the vegetation to EFPC biota Little of the vegetation that entered the stream was transported intact as far as 1 4 km During the growing season, inputs of organic carbon to this 1 4-km segment of stream due to the deposition of the plants were at least 2 4 times greater than autochthonous production Thus the vegetation was bioenergetically important to at least a 1 to 3-km reach of EFPC The experiments showed that all three types of animals could distinguish between contaminated (CON) and noncontaminated (NC) Potamogeton foliosus Snails preferred the NC plants over the CON plants, these animals also had lower growth rates on CON plants than on NC plants Amphipods preferred CON plants over NC plants in a 48-h experiment, but preferred NC plants over CON plants in a 7 d experiment Leachates prepared from CON Potarnogeton foliosus were toxic to Ceriodaphnia, those prepared from NC Potamogeton fobohus were not Energy-subsidy and/or contaminated food aspects of the Potamogeton inputs could help explain why pollution sensitive invertebrates such as mayflies and stoneflies are not present in EFPC immediately downstream from the settling basin
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2002
Current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contami... more Current bioremediation techniques for petroleum-contaminated soils are designed to remove contaminants as quickly and efficiently as possible, but not necessarily with postremediation soil biological quality as a primary objective. To test a simple postbioremediation technique, we added earthworms {Eisenia fetidd) or wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw to petroleum land-farm soil and measured biological quality of the soil as responses in plant growth, soil respiration, and oil and grease (O&G) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations. Results indicated that plant growth was greater in earthworm-treated land-farm soil. Furthermore, addition of wheat straw resulted in greater total respiration in all soils tested (land-farm soil, noncontaminated reference soil, and a 1:1 mixture of land-farm and reference soils). We observed a 30% increase in soil respiration in straw-amended oily soil, whereas respiration increased by 246% in straw-amended reference soil. Much of the difference between oily and reference soils was attributable to higher basal respiration rates of nonamended oily soil compared to nonamended reference soil. Addition of earthworms resulted in greater total respiration of all soil and straw treatments except two (the land-farm and the 1:1 mixture soil treatments without straw). Straw and earthworm treatments did not affect O&G or TPH concentrations. Nevertheless, our findings that earthworm additions improved plant growth and that straw additions enhanced microbial activity in land-farm soil suggest that these treatments may be compatible with plant-based remediation techniques currently under evaluation in field trials, and could reduce the time required to restore soil ecosystem function.
Limnology and Oceanography, May 1, 1980
Environmental Biology of Fishes, Dec 1, 1986
... Ecology 65: 523-528. Power, ME &amp; WJ Matthews. 1983. Algae-grazing minnows (Campos... more ... Ecology 65: 523-528. Power, ME &amp; WJ Matthews. 1983. Algae-grazing minnows (Campostoma anomalum), piscivorous bass (Micropterus spp.), and the distribution of attached algae in a small prairie-margin stream. Oecologia 60: 328-332. ...
Limnology and Oceanography, May 1, 1981
PUSTELNIKOV, 0. S. 1976. Absolutwerte der Masse an Sedimentmaterial und das Tempo rezenter Sedime... more PUSTELNIKOV, 0. S. 1976. Absolutwerte der Masse an Sedimentmaterial und das Tempo rezenter Sedimentation in der Ostsee. Beitr. Meereskunde 38: 81-93.
American Midland Naturalist, Apr 1, 1987
334 The American Midland Naturalist 117(2) Creek may dry completely by late summer, the 1-km stud... more 334 The American Midland Naturalist 117(2) Creek may dry completely by late summer, the 1-km study reach described here re-mains free-flowing in all but very dry years. The stream channel is incised 2-3 m into sandstone bedrock and Cretaceous deposits of marine limestone. ...
Springer eBooks, 2021
In the original version of the book, the following correction has been incorporated: The chapter ... more In the original version of the book, the following correction has been incorporated: The chapter author's, "Sophia (Sun Kyung) Jeong", first and last names have been corrected. The correction chapter and book have been updated with the change.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Aug 1, 1989
Oecologia, 1991
Surveys of 262 pools in 3 small streams in eastern Tennessee demonstrated a strong positive relat... more Surveys of 262 pools in 3 small streams in eastern Tennessee demonstrated a strong positive relationship between pool depth and the size of the largest fish within a pool (P< 0.001). Similarly, the largest colonizers of newly-created deep pools were larger than the colonizers of shallow pools. We explored the role of predation risk in contributing to the "bigger fish-deeper habitat" pattern, which has been noted by others, by conducting five manipulative field experiments in two streams. Three experiments used stoneroller minnows (Campostoma anomalum); one used creek chubs (Semotilus atromaculatus) ; and one used striped shiners (Notropis chrysocephalus). The stoneroller experiments showed that survival of fish approximately 100 mm in total length (TL) was much lower in shallow pools (10 cm deep) than in deep (40 cm maximum) pools (19% versus 80% survival over 12 d in one experiment) and added cover markedly increased stoneroller survival in shallow pools (from 49% to 96% in an ll-d experiment). The creek chub experiment showed that, as for stonerollers, pool depth markedly influenced survival: the chubs survived an average of 4.9 d in shallow pools and > 10.8 d in deep pools. In the striped shiner experiment in shallow artificial streamside troughs, no individuals 75-100 mm TL survived as long as 13 d, whereas smaller (20-25 mm) fish had 100% survival over 13 d. The results of the experiments show that predation risk from wading/diving animals (e.g., herons and raccoons) is much higher for larger fishes in shallow water than for these fishes in deeper water or for smaller fish in shallow water. We discuss the role of predation risk from two sources (piscivorous fish, which are more effective in deeper habitats, and diving/wading predators, which are more effective in shallow habitats) in contributing to the bigger fish-deeper habitat pattern in streams.
Published in 2019, 2019
86 4.23 Assimilation of Anthracene by Fish 89 4.2.4 Efficiency of Extraction of Contaminants by F... more 86 4.23 Assimilation of Anthracene by Fish 89 4.2.4 Efficiency of Extraction of Contaminants by Fish Gills 90 A2J5 Significance of DOM on Transport and Bioavailability 92 4.2.6 Predicting the Binding Affinity of DOM for Contaminants 97 4J2.7 Summary of Results and Conclusions 100 4.2.8 Future Studies 102 4.Z8.1 Role of dissolved sorbents in EFPC 102 4.2.8.2 Sediments as a source or sink for contaminants 102 A2J&3 Seasonal and physiological factors in contaminant bioaccumulation 103 iv Page 6.23 Results 6.23.1 Spedes composition and richness 6.23.2 Density and biomass 6.233 Growth and condition 6.2.3.4 Fish movement/growth studies 62.4 Discussion 6JL4.1 Spedes composition and ridmess 62.42 Spedes abundance 6.2.43 Fish movements 6.23 Future Studies 63 INTERPRETATION OF BIOTIC CHANGES
Water Air and Soil Pollution
We evaluate environmental impacts associated with sulfur-baseddechlorinating agents (sodium bisul... more We evaluate environmental impacts associated with sulfur-baseddechlorinating agents (sodium bisulfite and sodium thiosulfate)commonly used in industrial wastewater treatment by presentingdata from two examples for Department of Energy facilities inTennessee and Kentucky. One case involved a fish kill (> 24,000 fish) caused directly by sodium bisulfite; the second describes a near-miss situation resulting from over-dosing with sodium thiosulfate. Toxicity tests showed that overfeed situations withsodium thiosulfate or sodium bisulfite can depress pH and dissolved oxygen, causing mortality of fish. Bacteria also can metabolize some sulfur-based dechlorinating agents, thereby increasing the potential for reductions in pH and concentrationsof dissolved oxygen. Although removing toxic levels of chlorine is important when releasing chlorine-containing wastewaters to aquatic systems, waste-treatment plant operators should also beaware of significant impacts that can occur if sulfur-base...