Arun Pratihast - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Arun Pratihast
WorldCereal open global harmonized reference data repository (CC-BY licensed data sets)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 7, 2023
ESA WorldCereal 10 m 2021 v100
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), May 12, 2023
WorldCereal open global harmonized reference data repository (CC-BY-NC licensed data sets)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 7, 2023
WorldCereal open global harmonized reference data repository (CC-BY-SA licensed data sets)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 7, 2023
Mobile Devices for Community-Based Forest Biodiversity Monitoring
Building a community-based open harmonised reference data repository for global crop mapping
PLOS ONE
Reference data is key to produce reliable crop type and cropland maps. Although research projects... more Reference data is key to produce reliable crop type and cropland maps. Although research projects, national and international programs as well as local initiatives constantly gather crop related reference data, finding, collecting, and harmonizing data from different sources is a challenging task. Furthermore, ethical, legal, and consent-related restrictions associated with data sharing represent a common dilemma faced by international research projects. We address these dilemmas by building a community-based, open, harmonised reference data repository at global extent, ready for model training or product validation. Our repository contains data from different sources such as the Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring Initiative (GEOGLAM) Joint Experiment for Crop Assessment and Monitoring (JECAM) sites, the Radiant MLHub, the Future Harvest (CGIAR) centers, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Food Security and Agriculture Program (NASA Harvest), th...
WorldCereal: a dynamic open-source system for global-scale, seasonal, and reproducible crop and irrigation mapping
. The challenge of global food security in the face of population growth, conflict and climate ch... more . The challenge of global food security in the face of population growth, conflict and climate change requires a comprehensive understanding of cropped areas, irrigation practices and the distribution of major commodity crops like maize and wheat. However, such understanding should preferably be updated at seasonal intervals for each agricultural system rather than relying on a single annual assessment. Here we present the European Space Agency funded WorldCereal system, a global, seasonal, and reproducible crop and irrigation mapping system that addresses existing limitations in current global-scale crop and irrigation mapping. WorldCereal generates a range of global products, including temporary crop extent, seasonal maize and cereals maps, seasonal irrigation maps, seasonal active cropland maps, and confidence layers providing insights into expected product quality. The WorldCereal product suite for the year 2021 presented here serves as a global demonstration of the dynamic open-source WorldCereal system. The presented products are fully validated, e.g., global user's and producer's accuracies for the annual temporary crop product are 88.5 % and 92.1 %, respectively. The WorldCereal system provides a vital tool for policymakers, international organizations, and researchers to better understand global crop and irrigation patterns and inform decision-making related to food security and sustainable agriculture. Our findings highlight the need for continued community efforts such as additional reference data collection to support further development and push the boundaries for global agricultural mapping from space. The global products are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875104 (Van Tricht et al., 2023).
Ground Zero? Let’s get real on regeneration : Report 1: state of the art and indicator selection
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 14, 2022
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 14, 2022
After obtaining the dataset from Denmark, the dataset of 5500 images of grazed (Approved) fields ... more After obtaining the dataset from Denmark, the dataset of 5500 images of grazed (Approved) fields was prepared for training a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) deep learning AI model.
Within the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) framework, the involveme... more Within the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) framework, the involvement of local communities in national forest monitoring activities has the potential to enhance monitoring efficiency at lower costs while simultaneously promoting transparency and better forest management. We assessed the consistency of forest monitoring data (mostly activity data related to forest change) collected by local experts in the UNESCO Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia. Professional ground measurements and high resolution satellite images were used as validation data to assess over 700 forest change observations collected by the local experts. Furthermore, we examined the complementary use of local datasets and remote sensing by assessing spatial, temporal and thematic data quality factors. Based on this complementarity, we propose a framework to integrate local expert monitoring data with satellite-based monitoring data into a National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) in support of REDD+ Measuring, Reporting and Verifying (MRV) and near real-time forest change monitoring.
PloS one, 2016
This paper describes an interactive web-based near real-time (NRT) forest monitoring system using... more This paper describes an interactive web-based near real-time (NRT) forest monitoring system using four levels of geographic information services: 1) the acquisition of continuous data streams from satellite and community-based monitoring using mobile devices, 2) NRT forest disturbance detection based on satellite time-series, 3) presentation of forest disturbance data through a web-based application and social media and 4) interaction of the satellite based disturbance alerts with the end-user communities to enhance the collection of ground data. The system is developed using open source technologies and has been implemented together with local experts in the UNESCO Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia. The results show that the system is able to provide easy access to information on forest change and considerably improves the collection and storage of ground observation by local experts. Social media leads to higher levels of user interaction and noticeably improves communication among...
Our thanks to those who have helped with this issue of Carbon Management. Listed below are authors, referees and others who have kindly given their time, effort and expertise; their generosity has helped establish this publication
Photogrammetric Record, 2011
In recent times mobile laser scanning (MLS) has been used to acquire massive 3D point clouds in u... more In recent times mobile laser scanning (MLS) has been used to acquire massive 3D point clouds in urban areas and along road corridors for the collection of detailed data for 3D city modelling, building façade reconstruction and capture of vegetation and road features for inventories. The objectives of this paper are the extraction of tree features from such data-sets and the modelling of trees for the purpose of visualisation in 3D city models. After the detection of high vegetation the point cloud is reduced using a 3D alpha shape approach. Then the required model parameters such as crown and stem height, crown and stem diameter, and crown shape are derived and the trees are modelled individually in a realistic manner. The tree model so generated correctly represents the overall appearance of the tree. However, the inner structure such as the branching of the tree crown is parameterised. The workflow reduces the point cloud by means of a step-by-step process, which eases the handling of the massive MLS data-sets. The thinning using 3D alpha shapes reduces the amount of data to be processed by about 95%. It is shown that the model parameters are not influenced by the thinning procedure employed. This proves the robustness of the data reduction method and the tree modelling approach.
Estimation of Evapotranspiration from Wetlands Using Geospatial and Hydrometeorological Data
Geospatial Techniques for Managing Environmental Resources, 2011
Over recent decades, wetlands have been recognized increasingly for their high biodiversity and f... more Over recent decades, wetlands have been recognized increasingly for their high biodiversity and for the important hydrological functions, including flood alleviation, low-flow support, nutrient cycling and groundwater recharge (Thakur, 2010; Thakur et al., 2011). Wetland hydrology is a primary driving force influencing wetland ecology, its development and persistence (Mitsch and Gosselink, 1993). For most wetlands, evapotranspiration (ET) is the major component of water loss, and when considered as its energy equivalent, the latent heat flux (LE), the largest consumer of incoming energy (Reynolds et al., 2000; Wilson et al., 2001). The radiation and the turbulent heating drive the dynamics of the land-atmosphere energy exchanges in the wetlands. Estimation of these radiation and turbulent heating through mass energy balance equations is the core of numerical weather forecast, climate research, water resources and environmental management and long-term agriculture production. Most of the conventional methods which use point measurement in measuring the energy balance, such as Bowen ratio, Penman-Monteith, Priestley and Taylor, give results that can be efficient on local level but could not be extended to large scale or global scale measurement in time and space (Stewart, 1989).
Remote Sensing
Community-based monitoring (CBM) is one of the- most sustainable ways of establishing a national ... more Community-based monitoring (CBM) is one of the- most sustainable ways of establishing a national forest monitoring system for successful Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) implementation. In this research, we present the details of the National Forest Conservation Program (PNCB—Programa Nacional de Conservación de Bosques para la Mitigación del Cambio Climático), Peru, from a satellite-based alert perspective. We examined the community’s involvement in forest monitoring and investigated the usability of 1853 CBM data in conjunction with 445 satellite-based alerts. The results confirm that Peru’s PCNB contributed significantly to the REDD+ scheme, and that the CBM data provided rich information on the process and drivers of forest change. We also identified some of the challenges faced in the existing system, such as delays in satellite-based alert transfer to communities, sustaining community participation, data quality and integration, data flow, and...
Sensors, 2012
Monitoring tropical deforestation and forest degradation is one of the central elements for the R... more Monitoring tropical deforestation and forest degradation is one of the central elements for the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in developing countries (REDD+) scheme. Current arrangements for monitoring are based on remote sensing and field measurements. Since monitoring is the periodic process of assessing forest stands properties with respect to reference data, adopting the current REDD+ requirements for implementing monitoring at national levels is a challenging task. Recently, the advancement in Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) and mobile devices has enabled local communities to monitor their forest in a basic resource setting such as no or slow internet connection link, limited power supply, etc. Despite the potential, the use of mobile device system for community based monitoring (CBM) is still exceptional and faces implementation challenges. This paper presents an integrated data collection system based on mobile devices that streamlines the community-based forest monitoring data collection, transmission and visualization process. This paper also assesses the accuracy and reliability of CBM data and proposes a way to fit them into national REDD+ Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) scheme. The system performance
Japan Geoscience Union, 2017
Representing a significant portion of the global carbon store as well as countless other ecosyste... more Representing a significant portion of the global carbon store as well as countless other ecosystem services, tropical forests have been under threat due to expansion of human activities in recent decades. Following the public release of the entire Landsat data archive the longest record of earth observation data in existence a veritable explosion of innovation in forest monitoring methods using Landsat time series (LTS) has occurred. New approaches have emerged allowing for the tracking of forest changes either retrospectively supporting carbon accounting for REDD+ and other applications or in near real-time supporting operational monitoring and enforcement efforts. Methods exploiting all observations in particular have shown that accounting for seasonal fluctuations (ie. those arising from canopy phenology) can enhance the detection and characterization of human-driven changes. Despite the demonstrated promise of LTS in monitoring changes in tropical forests, limitations in the tem...
Interactive Forest Monitoring System: A case study of Kafa, Ethiopia
WorldCereal open global harmonized reference data repository (CC-BY licensed data sets)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 7, 2023
ESA WorldCereal 10 m 2021 v100
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), May 12, 2023
WorldCereal open global harmonized reference data repository (CC-BY-NC licensed data sets)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 7, 2023
WorldCereal open global harmonized reference data repository (CC-BY-SA licensed data sets)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Feb 7, 2023
Mobile Devices for Community-Based Forest Biodiversity Monitoring
Building a community-based open harmonised reference data repository for global crop mapping
PLOS ONE
Reference data is key to produce reliable crop type and cropland maps. Although research projects... more Reference data is key to produce reliable crop type and cropland maps. Although research projects, national and international programs as well as local initiatives constantly gather crop related reference data, finding, collecting, and harmonizing data from different sources is a challenging task. Furthermore, ethical, legal, and consent-related restrictions associated with data sharing represent a common dilemma faced by international research projects. We address these dilemmas by building a community-based, open, harmonised reference data repository at global extent, ready for model training or product validation. Our repository contains data from different sources such as the Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring Initiative (GEOGLAM) Joint Experiment for Crop Assessment and Monitoring (JECAM) sites, the Radiant MLHub, the Future Harvest (CGIAR) centers, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Food Security and Agriculture Program (NASA Harvest), th...
WorldCereal: a dynamic open-source system for global-scale, seasonal, and reproducible crop and irrigation mapping
. The challenge of global food security in the face of population growth, conflict and climate ch... more . The challenge of global food security in the face of population growth, conflict and climate change requires a comprehensive understanding of cropped areas, irrigation practices and the distribution of major commodity crops like maize and wheat. However, such understanding should preferably be updated at seasonal intervals for each agricultural system rather than relying on a single annual assessment. Here we present the European Space Agency funded WorldCereal system, a global, seasonal, and reproducible crop and irrigation mapping system that addresses existing limitations in current global-scale crop and irrigation mapping. WorldCereal generates a range of global products, including temporary crop extent, seasonal maize and cereals maps, seasonal irrigation maps, seasonal active cropland maps, and confidence layers providing insights into expected product quality. The WorldCereal product suite for the year 2021 presented here serves as a global demonstration of the dynamic open-source WorldCereal system. The presented products are fully validated, e.g., global user's and producer's accuracies for the annual temporary crop product are 88.5 % and 92.1 %, respectively. The WorldCereal system provides a vital tool for policymakers, international organizations, and researchers to better understand global crop and irrigation patterns and inform decision-making related to food security and sustainable agriculture. Our findings highlight the need for continued community efforts such as additional reference data collection to support further development and push the boundaries for global agricultural mapping from space. The global products are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7875104 (Van Tricht et al., 2023).
Ground Zero? Let’s get real on regeneration : Report 1: state of the art and indicator selection
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 14, 2022
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), Dec 14, 2022
After obtaining the dataset from Denmark, the dataset of 5500 images of grazed (Approved) fields ... more After obtaining the dataset from Denmark, the dataset of 5500 images of grazed (Approved) fields was prepared for training a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) deep learning AI model.
Within the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) framework, the involveme... more Within the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) framework, the involvement of local communities in national forest monitoring activities has the potential to enhance monitoring efficiency at lower costs while simultaneously promoting transparency and better forest management. We assessed the consistency of forest monitoring data (mostly activity data related to forest change) collected by local experts in the UNESCO Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia. Professional ground measurements and high resolution satellite images were used as validation data to assess over 700 forest change observations collected by the local experts. Furthermore, we examined the complementary use of local datasets and remote sensing by assessing spatial, temporal and thematic data quality factors. Based on this complementarity, we propose a framework to integrate local expert monitoring data with satellite-based monitoring data into a National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) in support of REDD+ Measuring, Reporting and Verifying (MRV) and near real-time forest change monitoring.
PloS one, 2016
This paper describes an interactive web-based near real-time (NRT) forest monitoring system using... more This paper describes an interactive web-based near real-time (NRT) forest monitoring system using four levels of geographic information services: 1) the acquisition of continuous data streams from satellite and community-based monitoring using mobile devices, 2) NRT forest disturbance detection based on satellite time-series, 3) presentation of forest disturbance data through a web-based application and social media and 4) interaction of the satellite based disturbance alerts with the end-user communities to enhance the collection of ground data. The system is developed using open source technologies and has been implemented together with local experts in the UNESCO Kafa Biosphere Reserve, Ethiopia. The results show that the system is able to provide easy access to information on forest change and considerably improves the collection and storage of ground observation by local experts. Social media leads to higher levels of user interaction and noticeably improves communication among...
Our thanks to those who have helped with this issue of Carbon Management. Listed below are authors, referees and others who have kindly given their time, effort and expertise; their generosity has helped establish this publication
Photogrammetric Record, 2011
In recent times mobile laser scanning (MLS) has been used to acquire massive 3D point clouds in u... more In recent times mobile laser scanning (MLS) has been used to acquire massive 3D point clouds in urban areas and along road corridors for the collection of detailed data for 3D city modelling, building façade reconstruction and capture of vegetation and road features for inventories. The objectives of this paper are the extraction of tree features from such data-sets and the modelling of trees for the purpose of visualisation in 3D city models. After the detection of high vegetation the point cloud is reduced using a 3D alpha shape approach. Then the required model parameters such as crown and stem height, crown and stem diameter, and crown shape are derived and the trees are modelled individually in a realistic manner. The tree model so generated correctly represents the overall appearance of the tree. However, the inner structure such as the branching of the tree crown is parameterised. The workflow reduces the point cloud by means of a step-by-step process, which eases the handling of the massive MLS data-sets. The thinning using 3D alpha shapes reduces the amount of data to be processed by about 95%. It is shown that the model parameters are not influenced by the thinning procedure employed. This proves the robustness of the data reduction method and the tree modelling approach.
Estimation of Evapotranspiration from Wetlands Using Geospatial and Hydrometeorological Data
Geospatial Techniques for Managing Environmental Resources, 2011
Over recent decades, wetlands have been recognized increasingly for their high biodiversity and f... more Over recent decades, wetlands have been recognized increasingly for their high biodiversity and for the important hydrological functions, including flood alleviation, low-flow support, nutrient cycling and groundwater recharge (Thakur, 2010; Thakur et al., 2011). Wetland hydrology is a primary driving force influencing wetland ecology, its development and persistence (Mitsch and Gosselink, 1993). For most wetlands, evapotranspiration (ET) is the major component of water loss, and when considered as its energy equivalent, the latent heat flux (LE), the largest consumer of incoming energy (Reynolds et al., 2000; Wilson et al., 2001). The radiation and the turbulent heating drive the dynamics of the land-atmosphere energy exchanges in the wetlands. Estimation of these radiation and turbulent heating through mass energy balance equations is the core of numerical weather forecast, climate research, water resources and environmental management and long-term agriculture production. Most of the conventional methods which use point measurement in measuring the energy balance, such as Bowen ratio, Penman-Monteith, Priestley and Taylor, give results that can be efficient on local level but could not be extended to large scale or global scale measurement in time and space (Stewart, 1989).
Remote Sensing
Community-based monitoring (CBM) is one of the- most sustainable ways of establishing a national ... more Community-based monitoring (CBM) is one of the- most sustainable ways of establishing a national forest monitoring system for successful Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) implementation. In this research, we present the details of the National Forest Conservation Program (PNCB—Programa Nacional de Conservación de Bosques para la Mitigación del Cambio Climático), Peru, from a satellite-based alert perspective. We examined the community’s involvement in forest monitoring and investigated the usability of 1853 CBM data in conjunction with 445 satellite-based alerts. The results confirm that Peru’s PCNB contributed significantly to the REDD+ scheme, and that the CBM data provided rich information on the process and drivers of forest change. We also identified some of the challenges faced in the existing system, such as delays in satellite-based alert transfer to communities, sustaining community participation, data quality and integration, data flow, and...
Sensors, 2012
Monitoring tropical deforestation and forest degradation is one of the central elements for the R... more Monitoring tropical deforestation and forest degradation is one of the central elements for the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in developing countries (REDD+) scheme. Current arrangements for monitoring are based on remote sensing and field measurements. Since monitoring is the periodic process of assessing forest stands properties with respect to reference data, adopting the current REDD+ requirements for implementing monitoring at national levels is a challenging task. Recently, the advancement in Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) and mobile devices has enabled local communities to monitor their forest in a basic resource setting such as no or slow internet connection link, limited power supply, etc. Despite the potential, the use of mobile device system for community based monitoring (CBM) is still exceptional and faces implementation challenges. This paper presents an integrated data collection system based on mobile devices that streamlines the community-based forest monitoring data collection, transmission and visualization process. This paper also assesses the accuracy and reliability of CBM data and proposes a way to fit them into national REDD+ Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) scheme. The system performance
Japan Geoscience Union, 2017
Representing a significant portion of the global carbon store as well as countless other ecosyste... more Representing a significant portion of the global carbon store as well as countless other ecosystem services, tropical forests have been under threat due to expansion of human activities in recent decades. Following the public release of the entire Landsat data archive the longest record of earth observation data in existence a veritable explosion of innovation in forest monitoring methods using Landsat time series (LTS) has occurred. New approaches have emerged allowing for the tracking of forest changes either retrospectively supporting carbon accounting for REDD+ and other applications or in near real-time supporting operational monitoring and enforcement efforts. Methods exploiting all observations in particular have shown that accounting for seasonal fluctuations (ie. those arising from canopy phenology) can enhance the detection and characterization of human-driven changes. Despite the demonstrated promise of LTS in monitoring changes in tropical forests, limitations in the tem...
Interactive Forest Monitoring System: A case study of Kafa, Ethiopia