Ashley Salazar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ashley Salazar

The Cosumnes Watershed is an important hydrological system in Northern California, not only becau... more The Cosumnes Watershed is an important hydrological system in Northern California, not only because it has been relatively unchanged by humans, but also because it can be used to study watershed sustainability and water quality. Ecological areas of importance include habitats within the Cosumnes River Preserve. The Cosumnes River Preserve, located near the mouth of the Cosumnes River, covers about 50,000 acres of land. The preserve was created to permanently protect a variety of habitats and wildlife, including opportunities for people to experience natural landscapes. The management plan is designed with these aspects of the preserve in mind. The two main goals of the management plan are to restore and maintain native biological communities and to improve stewardship of lands in the watershed. This plan includes water flow management and conservation in wetlands that sustain migratory bird populations on the Pacific Flyway travelling south. The Pacific Flyway is an important norths...

Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2019

458 Background: Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors are a promising new targeted ... more 458 Background: Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors are a promising new targeted therapy for patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (UC) and FGFR alterations. FGFR-altered tumors are more likely to be of the luminal molecular subtype, which is less immune infiltrated and may be less likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICP). Methods: Metastatic UC patients at the University of North Carolina who underwent targeted exon sequencing (any CLIA-certified platform) and were treated with ICP since 2014 were identified. Patients with any FGFR alteration were compared to patients without alterations (including mutations, fusions, and amplifications in FGFR1-4). Overall response rates (ORR) to ICP were assessed by a radiologist (K.M.) per RECIST 1.1 and compared between FGFR-altered and unaltered tumors using Fisher’s exact tests. Patients who died prior to radiologic assessment were considered non-responders. Results: 66 patients (median age 70, 65% male, 76...

Self-compassion practise has been widely researched in a quantitative perspective. Most research ... more Self-compassion practise has been widely researched in a quantitative perspective. Most research on self-compassion lies on how beneficial it is to individual's life. The current study aimed to explore obstacles underlying self-compassion practise on non-clinical adult samples, (N = 10) and to replicate research findings from Pauley and McPherson, and Campion and Glover study. Participants underwent one-to-one semi-structured interviews.

JAMA, 2022

IMPORTANCE It remains unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 infection specifically increases the risk of ser... more IMPORTANCE It remains unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 infection specifically increases the risk of serious obstetric morbidity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with serious maternal morbidity or mortality from common obstetric complications.

Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2020

Objective: To evaluate the maternal characteristics associated with consent to a randomized trial... more Objective: To evaluate the maternal characteristics associated with consent to a randomized trial of labor induction in pregnancy. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of low-risk nulliparous women randomized to induction of labor at 39 weeks or expectant management. During the trial, the Data and Safety Monitoring Committee requested additional fields on the screening log, which already included race and ethnicity: maternal age, type of insurance, and the reason for declining consent if declined. Results: From August 2016 (start of additional data collection) to August 2017, 1,965 (28%) of the 7,112 eligible women consented to the trial. Consent was more likely for black women (41%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-1.74), and less likely for Asian women (15%, aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.48-0.84), compared with white women (24%). Women without private insurance were more likely to consent (38%, aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.34-1.79),

NAR Cancer, 2021

Despite years of progress, mutation detection in cancer samples continues to require significant ... more Despite years of progress, mutation detection in cancer samples continues to require significant manual review as a final step. Expert review is particularly challenging in cases where tumors are sequenced without matched normal control DNA. Attempts have been made to call somatic point mutations without a matched normal sample by removing well-known germline variants, utilizing unmatched normal controls, and constructing decision rules to classify sequencing errors and private germline variants. With budgetary constraints related to computational and sequencing costs, finding the appropriate number of controls is a crucial step to identifying somatic variants. Our approach utilizes public databases for canonical somatic variants as well as germline variants and leverages information gathered about nearby positions in the normal controls. Drawing from our cohort of targeted capture panel sequencing of tumor and normal samples with varying tumortypes and demographics, these served as...

American Journal of Perinatology, 2020

Objective Insulin resistance (IR) increases during pregnancy which can lead to hyperinsulinemia, ... more Objective Insulin resistance (IR) increases during pregnancy which can lead to hyperinsulinemia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and neonatal hypoglycemia (NH), especially in obese women. Glucose tolerance testing (GTT) is used clinically to evaluate IR in pregnancy. Quantose IR score index is a novel blood screen of IR validated in nonpregnant individuals. The score is generated using an algorithm that combines insulin and three biomarkers of fatty acid pathways (α-hydroxybutyrate, oleic acid, linoleoyl-glycerophospocholine). Our objective was to determine the validity of Quantose IR test (Metabolan Inc. Morrisville, NC) in assessing IR in pregnant obese women, as compared with the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and its ability to predict GDM and NH. Study Design Women between 100/7 and 136/7 weeks of gestation with a pre-pregnancy or early pregnancy body mass index more than 30 kg/m2, and no pregestational diabetes, were included. Fasting blood ...

Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2020

Financial Disclosure Mona Prasad disclosed that money was paid to her to from the Ohio State Univ... more Financial Disclosure Mona Prasad disclosed that money was paid to her to from the Ohio State University for reimbursement for travel to and from meetings for work related to this study. OSU was a NICHD-funded MFMU center. She has also received funds from Gilead. Brenna L. Hughes disclosed that she received funds as a scientific advisor for the Merck CMV program (not relevant to the submitted work). Cynthia Gyamfi-Bannerman received funds from Sera and a grant from SMFM/AMAG to study prematurity. Geeta Swamy received funds from GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, and SAOL. Edward Chien disclosed that Gestvision and Alydia Health-Industry device trials. No salary support. Institution is compensated through capitation. Jay Iams disclosed that the Ohio Departments of Health & Medicaid made grants to Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, which in turn contracted with The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center for my services in the Ohio Perinatal Quality Collaborative (go to opqc.net). Ronald Gibbs received funds from Novavax/ ACI-Member Data safety management board for trial of RSV vaccine, and received a royalty for a book from Williams and Wilkins. The other authors did not report any potential conflicts of interest. Each author has confirmed compliance with the journal's requirements for authorship. Authors' Data Sharing Statement Will individual participant data be available (including data dictionaries)? No. What data in particular will be shared? Not available. What other documents will be available? Not available. When will data be available (start and end dates)? Not applicable. By what access criteria will data be shared (including with whom, for what types of analyses, and by what mechanism)? Not applicable.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2020

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019

Case Medical Research, 2019

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel antimicrobial dressing on patient sa... more Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel antimicrobial dressing on patient satisfaction and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) following a cesarean delivery. Study Design This was an open-label, single-center, two-arm randomized controlled trial. This study was done at the tertiary center, maternal unit, Galveston, TX. Pregnant women with body mass indices !35 kg/m2 were screened for eligibility. Women were randomized to ReliaTect Post-Op Dressing (RELIATECT) or standard wound dressing (STANDARD). Primary outcome was patient satisfaction and HRQoL using validated questionnaires. Secondary outcomes were provider satisfaction, surgical site infection (SSI) rates, and wound complications. Results In total, 160 women were randomized. Population characteristics were not significant among groups. RELIATECT dressing group had an overall higher score of satisfaction and HR QoL compared with STANDARD group. Women in the RELIATECT group reported less incision odor and incisional pain. Compared with the STANDARD group, most women in RELIATECT dressing group reported better daily activities, selfesteem, personal hygiene, body image, and sleep. Providers reported that the RELIATECT dressing allowed better assessment of the surgical incision site, allowed patients to shower early, and did observe less wound dressing leakage. No differences were found in other secondary end points. Conclusion Postcesarean RELIATECT dressing for wound care in pregnant women with obesity had better patient and provider satisfaction as well as better HRQoL scores. Further, level 1 evidence is needed to assess its impact on SSI rates and wound complication, as this trial was not powered to accomplish this goal. Key Points • This study was conducted to evaluate RELIATECT on patient satisfaction and HRQoL following a cesarean. • Post-cesarean RELIATECT dressing for wound care had better HRQoL and patient and provider satisfaction scores. • This is the first randomized controlled trial evaluating RELIATECT dressing in obese pregnant women undergoing cesarean section.

American Journal of Perinatology, 2016

Objective This study aims to assess class III obese women's preferences and concerns regarding ce... more Objective This study aims to assess class III obese women's preferences and concerns regarding cesarean delivery (CD) skin incisions. Study Design Through the National Perinatal Research Consortium (NPRC), women with body mass index 40 kg/m 2 at the time of enrollment completed an anonymous survey in English or Spanish. We evaluated seven domains of preferences and concerns about the cesarean skin incision. Results We surveyed 546 women at five NPRC sites. Median age (interquartile range) was 29 (25, 35) years; 364 (66%) were parous and 161 (30%) had a prior CD. Women selfidentified race/ethnicity as White (31%), non-Hispanic Black (31%), Hispanic (31%), other (6%), and not reported (1%). A total of 542 women (99%) rated both delivering the baby in the best possible condition and decreasing incision opening/infection risk as important. Women were less likely to rate other domains as important (all p < 0.001), including: having least pain possible, n ¼ 521 (95%); decreasing the risk of complications in the next pregnancy, n ¼ 490 (90%); decreasing interference with breastfeeding, n ¼ 474 (87%); decreasing operative time, n ¼ 388 (71%); and having the least visible incision, n ¼ 369 (68%). Conclusion Women with class III obesity prioritize immediate maternal and fetal safety regarding CD skin incision over other concerns including cosmetic outcome.

Seminars in Perinatology, 2016

For thirty years, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Develop... more For thirty years, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network has had significant impact on clinical practice in obstetrics. The MFMU Network has conducted 50 randomized clinical trials and observational studies designed to improve pregnancy outcomes for mothers and children. Each center has a designated clinical research nurse coordinator who coordinates the day-today operations of each trial and leads a research team that is responsible for recruitment, and retention, of participants. Some of the lessons learned by the nurse coordinators over the past 30 years are described with examples from recent studies. Best practices that we have amassed from our experience are also described.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016

BACKGROUND: Consumption of fructose-rich diets in the United States is on the rise and thought to... more BACKGROUND: Consumption of fructose-rich diets in the United States is on the rise and thought to be associated with obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the effects of antenatal exposure to high-fructose diet on offspring's development of metabolic syndromeelike phenotype and other cardiovascular disease risk factors later in life. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant C57BL/6J dams were randomly allocated to fructose solution (10% wt/vol, n ¼ 10) or water (n ¼ 10) as the only drinking fluid from day 1 of pregnancy until delivery. After weaning, pups were started on regular chow, and evaluated at 1 year of life. We measured percent visceral adipose tissue and liver fat infiltrates using computed tomography, and blood pressure using CODA/noninvasive monitor. Intraperitoneal Q2 glucose tolerance testing with corresponding insulin concentrations were obtained. Serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, leptin, and adiponectin were measured in duplicate using standardized assays. Fasting homeostatic model assessment was also calculated to assess insulin resistance. P values <.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Maternal weight, pup number, and average weight at birth were similar between the 2 groups. Male and female fructose group offspring had higher peak glucose and area under the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing curve compared with control, and higher mean arterial pressure compared to control. Female fructose group offspring were heavier and had higher percent visceral adipose tissue, liver fat infiltrates, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance scores, insulin area under the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing curve, and serum concentrations of leptin, and lower concentrations of adiponectin compared to female control offspring. No significant differences in these parameters were noted in male offspring. Serum concentrations of triglycerides or total cholesterol were not different between the 2 groups for either gender. CONCLUSION: Maternal intake of high fructose leads to fetal programming of adult obesity, hypertension, and metabolic dysfunction, all risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This fetal programming is more pronounced in female offspring. Limiting intake of high fructoseeenriched diets in pregnancy may have significant impact on long-term health.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016

Background-Although preterm birth less than 37 weeks gestation is the leading cause of neonatal m... more Background-Although preterm birth less than 37 weeks gestation is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the United States, the majority of data regarding preterm neonatal outcomes come from older studies, and many reports have been limited to only very preterm neonates. Delineation of neonatal outcomes by delivery gestational age is needed to further clarify the continuum of mortality and morbidity frequencies among preterm neonates. Objective-We sought to describe the contemporary frequencies of neonatal death, neonatal morbidities, and neonatal length of stay across the spectrum of preterm gestational ages. Study Design-Secondary analysis of an obstetric cohort of 115,502 women and their neonates who were born in 25 hospitals nationwide, 2008-2011. All live born non-anomalous singleton preterm (23.0-36.9 weeks of gestation) neonates were included in this analysis. The frequency of neonatal death, major neonatal morbidity (intraventricular hemorrhage grade III/IV, seizures, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, necrotizing enterocolitis stage II/III, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, persistent pulmonary hypertension), and minor neonatal morbidity (hypotension requiring treatment, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 1/2, necrotizing enterocolitis stage 1, respiratory distress syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia requiring treatment) were calculated by delivery gestational age; each neonate was classified once by the worst outcome they met criteria for. Results-8,334 deliveries met inclusion criteria. There were 119 neonatal deaths (1.4%). 657 (7.9%) neonates had major morbidity, 3,136 (37.6%) had minor morbidity, and 4,422 (53.1%) survived without any of the studied morbidities. Deaths declined rapidly with each advancing week of gestation. This decline in death was accompanied by an increase in major neonatal morbidity, which peaked at 54.8% at 25 weeks of gestation. As frequencies of death, and major neonatal morbidity fell, minor neonatal morbidity increased, peaking at 81.7% at 31 weeks of gestation. The frequency of all morbidities fell beyond 32 weeks. Neonatal length of hospital stay decreased significantly with each additional completed week of pregnancy; among babies delivered from 26 to 32 weeks of gestation, each additional week in utero reduced the subsequent length of neonatal hospitalization by a minimum of 8 days. The median post-menstrual age at discharge nadired at 35.7 weeks post-menstrual age for babies born at 32-33 weeks of gestation. Conclusions-Our data show that there is a continuum of outcomes, with each additional week for gestation conferring survival benefit while reducing the length of initial hospitalization. These contemporary data can be useful for patient counseling regarding preterm outcomes.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015

OBJECTIVE-To describe the prevalence of serious maternal complications following early preterm bi... more OBJECTIVE-To describe the prevalence of serious maternal complications following early preterm birth by gestational age (GA), delivery route and type of cesarean incision. STUDY DESIGN-Trained personnel abstracted data from maternal and neonatal charts for all deliveries on randomly selected days representing 1/3 of deliveries across 25 US hospitals over 3 years (n=115,502). All women delivering non-anomalous singletons between 23 and 33 weeks' gestation were included. Women were excluded for antepartum stillbirth and highly morbid conditions for which route of delivery would not likely impact morbidity including non-reassuring fetal status, cord prolapse, placenta previa, placenta accreta, placental abruption, and severe,

Cancer Research, 2014

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Background: Studies by The ... more Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Background: Studies by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and others have identified regions of somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Both tumor types exhibit frequent SCNAs in chromosomes 3q, 9p, and 11q. Although CDKN2A is the putative target of 9p deletions, numerous targets have been proposed in the 3q amplicon, including SOX2, PIK3CA, and TP63. Because expression levels are affected by underlying genomic events, we hypothesized that an integrated analysis of multiple genomic data types would provide increased ability to identify target genes in SCNA regions when compared to methods based on copy number alone while providing insight into mechanisms regulating expression. Findings may be subsequently validated by examining multiple tumor types or performing training/testing analyses. Techniques: Gene expression (GE), DNA copy number (CN), DNA methylation (ME), and microRNA expression (miR) data were obtained from the TCGA studies of HNSCC and LUSC. Linear models were constructed for each gene to investigate the effect of changes in CN, ME, and miR on GE. Analysis of model output provided an approach to identify target genes in SCNA regions and assess the effect of genomic alterations on expression. Results: Genome-wide GE, CN, ME, and miR data were available for n = 279 (HNSCC) and n = 159 (LUSC) tumor samples. Univariate modeling detected a strong overall association between GE and CN, as measured by the coefficient of determination (model R2). Although some genes found in SCNA studies produced large model R2— e.g. SOX2— a number of genes with large model R2 are relatively unknown. Notable examples include DVL3, and SENP2, which were implicated as driver genes in the 3q amplicon by a recent study of LUSC but not identified in the TCGA report. Remarkably, the model R2 for DVL3 and SENP2 was also high in HNSCC, and such a finding in a distinct tumor type provides validation and merits additional study. Output from models additionally including ME and miR as covariates contributes insight into the diversity of regulation of gene expression, but the strength of the association between GE and CN could mask other effects. Thus we constructed linear models in which the response variable was the residuals from the GE/CN model and the covariates were ME or miR. The TCGA study of glioblastoma noted frequent methylation of MGMT. When modeling MGMT we detected a highly significant association between ME and the GE/CN residuals in both HNSCC and LUSC. These results illustrate a pronounced effect of ME on GE conditional on CN. Conclusion: Linear modeling techniques provide a flexible and powerful basis for performing integrated analysis of genomic data. Our approach produces predicted results when analyzing known cancer genes, highlights lesser known genes for future study, provides insight into gene regulation, and draws attention to genes relevant in multiple tumor types. Citation Format: Vonn Walter, Ying Du, Xiaoying Yin, Wei Sun, Matthew D. Wilkerson, Michele C. Hayward, Ashley H. Salazar, Charles M. Perou, David N. Hayes. Integrated analysis of squamous tumors identifies novel targets and dissects gene regulation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5334. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5334

Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2019

JAMA, 2022

Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2020

NAR Cancer, 2021

American Journal of Perinatology, 2020

Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2020

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2020

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2019

Case Medical Research, 2019

American Journal of Perinatology, 2016

Seminars in Perinatology, 2016

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015

Cancer Research, 2014