Ashok Desai - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ashok Desai

Indian Economic and Social History Review, Apr 1, 1978

Page 1. Revenue Administration and Agricultural Statistics in Bombay Presidency ASHOK V.DESAI Uni... more Page 1. Revenue Administration and Agricultural Statistics in Bombay Presidency ASHOK V.DESAI University of Sussex George Blyn (1966) showed, on the basis of a careful analysis of official statis-tics, that average crop yields ...

Sources of Grqwth in Cmnmercial ~n e r~~ Cnn-Indian energy consumption k s been the subject of tw... more Sources of Grqwth in Cmnmercial ~n e r~~ Cnn-Indian energy consumption k s been the subject of twa o f f i c i a l committees (I n d i a 1965, 1974) a d 2. number of rrivate studies (~endesaon 1975; hshkari 1975; Parjlch 1976; National Comcil of Applied Economic Research 1360%. , 1965) which essentially deal with e n e r a as fuel. Some newer studies take energy a wider sense as heat and work of human use (Odendlhal 1972; Plakhijani and Pcole 1975; Bhatia 1975; Revelle 1971); they have been valuable in pointing out the large volumes of energy consumption igiosed k conventional e n e r a s t u d i e s , in s h o w h g t h e interdependence of a l l foms of energy 2nd in exploring the connectior, between human standards of l i v i n g and the explair;;tior, of natural resources by ~e o p l e and animals. .As is t o be expected with pioneesinp work, however, they adopt widely d i f f e r e n t concepts and therefore y i e l d non-comparable results; t'rley also deal with parts of the economy, a d it is n o t elways c l e a r how the parts fit i n t o the whole. A n a t t e z p k h h e been made elsewhere (~e s a i 1978) to piece together M o m a t i o n on t h e basis of a network of unifclm concepts. H e r e w e shall only present the relevant r e s u l t s. Energy consmption may be wasured zt t h r e e Levels, corresponding t o which we have concepts of primary e n e r g , f i n a l energy amd useful energy. Prim= energy is a l l energy d i r e c t l y and indirectly used f o r. economic activity; it includes ener,qy used by transforming ixidustrfes l i k e refin~ries and electric p o w e r s t a t i o n s , 5ut excluaes the e n e r a t h a t they supply. F b a i energy is the energy tLat i s directly used for econom i c activity; it e x c h d e s t h e e n e r a used by t~n s f o m i i l g i n & d s t r i e s and includes the energy suppliec! by tiler;. CIzarIjr, the difference be t-men primary and f h l e n e r a is the energy lost in transformation f r o m onE form i n t o another. Finally, usei'ul cnezgy is tile energy t h t f i n a l l y re. sults in wori; or he2.t a e h l l y used in economic activity, It is thus final energy discounttcl for t h~ eff iciensy w i t l i which it is used. The efficiency of most ~nergy-consumkg-proczs?cs i~ less t5an 50 p e r c~n t and of t e n mch lower. Hence-~szCul znerg: ccris~-.ptior, is o n l y a fraction of final e n e r a consumptiol; aid a s t-1 1 s m~l l e r fraction o f ;jrimary energy conswcptian, However, tile diPference between p r G n a q~ and final energy consumption is large o n l y x l i e r~ e i t h e r pow=r g~n e m t i o n or hman beings and animals are important suppliers of energy, f o r theze three are relatively i n e f f i c i e n t traxsfomers of energy. A-gate e n e r a consumptioll in 1970 Fn terns sf a l l three cancepts is' swnmarized in h b l e 1.1. A s is t o be e q e c t e d , the primary energy e s t i m a t e s are dominated by human and & labour, However, this domimace only implies that the calorllfic equivalent of the food eaten bjr L-ma beings and =Lmls is large in comparison t o that of fuels consumed. !/%is fact night be significant, f o r instance, if we are considerlag the relative advantage of more tractors and more mim d s. But as far as our present question of the contribution of o i l t a enera surply a s concerned, it is the final or t h e effectiveerg3. consamption that is relevant.

The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs, Oct 1, 1969

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National Council of Applied Economic Research eBooks, 1999

An academic directory and search engine.

SIGLEUuStB Koeln(38)-960106063 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische Info... more SIGLEUuStB Koeln(38)-960106063 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Energy Policy, Aug 1, 1985

Indian Economic and Social History Review, Jun 1, 1971

Development and Change, Oct 1, 1990

This paper analyses the results of a survey of twenty-four recent cases of technology imports int... more This paper analyses the results of a survey of twenty-four recent cases of technology imports into India. Over the last thirty years, large firms in Indian industry have come under increasing competitive pressure from small firms which pay lower wages and which are also favoured by government policy. Most small firms obtain technology through informal channels within the country. But some import technology; and larger firms import it in their defence against competition from small firms. Larger firms, with a history and a reputation, have better access to technology from abroad; smallcr firms often go through an extensive search before they find a willing technology supplier. Irrespective of size, firms that import technology within their own specialization are observed to put more effort into technology choice, absorption and adaptation. Indian policies of across-the-board import substitution, by promoting diversification into new products developed abroad, tend to discourage specialization and hence to encourage technology imports and to work against technology absorption and innovation.

Wiley Eastern eBooks, 1988

An academic directory and search engine.

Research Policy, Oct 1, 1984

ABSTRACT

Research Policy, 1980

ABSTRACT

Social Scientist, Jun 1, 1984

Page 1. ASHOK V. DESAI* New Forms of International Investment in India New forms of investment, t... more Page 1. ASHOK V. DESAI* New Forms of International Investment in India New forms of investment, to use the termdesigned by Charles Oman (1)7 have one characteristic in common, namely that the "investor", whether he actually ...

Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, May 1, 2009

Skip to Main Content. ...

Indian Economic and Social History Review, Dec 1, 1968

Page 1. The Origins of Parsi Enterprise ASHOK V. DESAI National Council of Applied Economic Resea... more Page 1. The Origins of Parsi Enterprise ASHOK V. DESAI National Council of Applied Economic Research The Parsis played an outstanding role in the growth of Indian industry in the nineteenth century. They pioneered the ...

Indian Economic and Social History Review, Mar 1, 1972

Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, 1984

As with all policy-oriented concepts, there is a risk of tailoring the definition of indigenous c... more As with all policy-oriented concepts, there is a risk of tailoring the definition of indigenous capability (ITC) to a conclusion: since ITC is obviously desirable, one is inclined to find in it an omnibus quality which brings all the luck in acquiring and using technology. Whether such a talisman exists or not, it is necessary to specify what precisely is required; and a closer familiarity with how technology actually changes in less-developed countries is necessary to understand how far the acquisition of ITC is feasible. In this paper we seek to set out what we understand by ITC, and to place it in the context of technological changes in Indian industry to get some idea of its feasibility and phasing.

Indian Economic and Social History Review, Apr 1, 1978

Page 1. Revenue Administration and Agricultural Statistics in Bombay Presidency ASHOK V.DESAI Uni... more Page 1. Revenue Administration and Agricultural Statistics in Bombay Presidency ASHOK V.DESAI University of Sussex George Blyn (1966) showed, on the basis of a careful analysis of official statis-tics, that average crop yields ...

Sources of Grqwth in Cmnmercial ~n e r~~ Cnn-Indian energy consumption k s been the subject of tw... more Sources of Grqwth in Cmnmercial ~n e r~~ Cnn-Indian energy consumption k s been the subject of twa o f f i c i a l committees (I n d i a 1965, 1974) a d 2. number of rrivate studies (~endesaon 1975; hshkari 1975; Parjlch 1976; National Comcil of Applied Economic Research 1360%. , 1965) which essentially deal with e n e r a as fuel. Some newer studies take energy a wider sense as heat and work of human use (Odendlhal 1972; Plakhijani and Pcole 1975; Bhatia 1975; Revelle 1971); they have been valuable in pointing out the large volumes of energy consumption igiosed k conventional e n e r a s t u d i e s , in s h o w h g t h e interdependence of a l l foms of energy 2nd in exploring the connectior, between human standards of l i v i n g and the explair;;tior, of natural resources by ~e o p l e and animals. .As is t o be expected with pioneesinp work, however, they adopt widely d i f f e r e n t concepts and therefore y i e l d non-comparable results; t'rley also deal with parts of the economy, a d it is n o t elways c l e a r how the parts fit i n t o the whole. A n a t t e z p k h h e been made elsewhere (~e s a i 1978) to piece together M o m a t i o n on t h e basis of a network of unifclm concepts. H e r e w e shall only present the relevant r e s u l t s. Energy consmption may be wasured zt t h r e e Levels, corresponding t o which we have concepts of primary e n e r g , f i n a l energy amd useful energy. Prim= energy is a l l energy d i r e c t l y and indirectly used f o r. economic activity; it includes ener,qy used by transforming ixidustrfes l i k e refin~ries and electric p o w e r s t a t i o n s , 5ut excluaes the e n e r a t h a t they supply. F b a i energy is the energy tLat i s directly used for econom i c activity; it e x c h d e s t h e e n e r a used by t~n s f o m i i l g i n & d s t r i e s and includes the energy suppliec! by tiler;. CIzarIjr, the difference be t-men primary and f h l e n e r a is the energy lost in transformation f r o m onE form i n t o another. Finally, usei'ul cnezgy is tile energy t h t f i n a l l y re. sults in wori; or he2.t a e h l l y used in economic activity, It is thus final energy discounttcl for t h~ eff iciensy w i t l i which it is used. The efficiency of most ~nergy-consumkg-proczs?cs i~ less t5an 50 p e r c~n t and of t e n mch lower. Hence-~szCul znerg: ccris~-.ptior, is o n l y a fraction of final e n e r a consumptiol; aid a s t-1 1 s m~l l e r fraction o f ;jrimary energy conswcptian, However, tile diPference between p r G n a q~ and final energy consumption is large o n l y x l i e r~ e i t h e r pow=r g~n e m t i o n or hman beings and animals are important suppliers of energy, f o r theze three are relatively i n e f f i c i e n t traxsfomers of energy. A-gate e n e r a consumptioll in 1970 Fn terns sf a l l three cancepts is' swnmarized in h b l e 1.1. A s is t o be e q e c t e d , the primary energy e s t i m a t e s are dominated by human and & labour, However, this domimace only implies that the calorllfic equivalent of the food eaten bjr L-ma beings and =Lmls is large in comparison t o that of fuels consumed. !/%is fact night be significant, f o r instance, if we are considerlag the relative advantage of more tractors and more mim d s. But as far as our present question of the contribution of o i l t a enera surply a s concerned, it is the final or t h e effectiveerg3. consamption that is relevant.

The Round Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs, Oct 1, 1969

An academic directory and search engine.

National Council of Applied Economic Research eBooks, 1999

An academic directory and search engine.

SIGLEUuStB Koeln(38)-960106063 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische Info... more SIGLEUuStB Koeln(38)-960106063 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Energy Policy, Aug 1, 1985

Indian Economic and Social History Review, Jun 1, 1971

Development and Change, Oct 1, 1990

This paper analyses the results of a survey of twenty-four recent cases of technology imports int... more This paper analyses the results of a survey of twenty-four recent cases of technology imports into India. Over the last thirty years, large firms in Indian industry have come under increasing competitive pressure from small firms which pay lower wages and which are also favoured by government policy. Most small firms obtain technology through informal channels within the country. But some import technology; and larger firms import it in their defence against competition from small firms. Larger firms, with a history and a reputation, have better access to technology from abroad; smallcr firms often go through an extensive search before they find a willing technology supplier. Irrespective of size, firms that import technology within their own specialization are observed to put more effort into technology choice, absorption and adaptation. Indian policies of across-the-board import substitution, by promoting diversification into new products developed abroad, tend to discourage specialization and hence to encourage technology imports and to work against technology absorption and innovation.

Wiley Eastern eBooks, 1988

An academic directory and search engine.

Research Policy, Oct 1, 1984

ABSTRACT

Research Policy, 1980

ABSTRACT

Social Scientist, Jun 1, 1984

Page 1. ASHOK V. DESAI* New Forms of International Investment in India New forms of investment, t... more Page 1. ASHOK V. DESAI* New Forms of International Investment in India New forms of investment, to use the termdesigned by Charles Oman (1)7 have one characteristic in common, namely that the "investor", whether he actually ...

Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, May 1, 2009

Skip to Main Content. ...

Indian Economic and Social History Review, Dec 1, 1968

Page 1. The Origins of Parsi Enterprise ASHOK V. DESAI National Council of Applied Economic Resea... more Page 1. The Origins of Parsi Enterprise ASHOK V. DESAI National Council of Applied Economic Research The Parsis played an outstanding role in the growth of Indian industry in the nineteenth century. They pioneered the ...

Indian Economic and Social History Review, Mar 1, 1972

Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks, 1984

As with all policy-oriented concepts, there is a risk of tailoring the definition of indigenous c... more As with all policy-oriented concepts, there is a risk of tailoring the definition of indigenous capability (ITC) to a conclusion: since ITC is obviously desirable, one is inclined to find in it an omnibus quality which brings all the luck in acquiring and using technology. Whether such a talisman exists or not, it is necessary to specify what precisely is required; and a closer familiarity with how technology actually changes in less-developed countries is necessary to understand how far the acquisition of ITC is feasible. In this paper we seek to set out what we understand by ITC, and to place it in the context of technological changes in Indian industry to get some idea of its feasibility and phasing.