Ashok Kumar Gupta - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ashok Kumar Gupta

Toxicology Reports, 2019

Sumithion is widely used for crop safety and eradication of tiger bugs (Cicindela spp.) from larv... more Sumithion is widely used for crop safety and eradication of tiger bugs (Cicindela spp.) from larval rearing aquaculture ponds. To satisfy the high demand of fries and fingerlings of widely cultured species striped catfish, spawns are produced in large scale in the hatcheries through hormone induced breeding, and subsequently these spawns are reared in nursery ponds and marketed to fingerlings vendors for stocking in grow-out ponds. Considering the importance of healthy fries and fingerlings the present experiment was conducted to evaluate the toxic effects of sumithion on striped catfish fingerlings. Fish were exposed for 96 h to six concentrations of sumithion (0, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 mg/l) each with three replications. The 96 h LC50 value was calculated using probit analysis. After 96 h of exposure fishes were sacrificed to measure hemato-biochemical (Hemoglobin, Hb; Red blood cell, RBC; White blood cell, WBC and blood glucose) parameters. In addition, formation of micronucleus (MN) was examined in the blood erythrocytes. The 96 h LC50 value of sumithion for striped catfish was 5.886 mg/l. The values of RBCs and Hb decreased significantly in different concentrations of the toxicant compared to control, while the values of WBC and blood glucose levels showed opposite scenario. Consequently, the frequencies of formation of MN increased significantly in different concentrations of the toxicant compared to the control. The results of the current study denoted that sumithion exerts toxicity to striped catfish. It is expected that the findings of the present research will help in the development of awareness of the concerned people about the toxic effect of sumithion as well as other insecticides and pesticides in the environment.

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India, 2009

To describe our experience in the management of laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS). Prospective study... more To describe our experience in the management of laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS). Prospective study. This study was carried out from 2001 to 2004 on 30 cases. All cases were investigated by spiral computerized tomography and endoscopic examination. There were 21 males and 9 females treated for LTS resulting from trauma (19), intubation (9) and congenital (2). Patients were divided into four groups based on surgical procedures they underwent: group I, endoscopy dilatation group (7 cases); group II, laryngotracheoplasty with Montgomery tube insertion (12 cases); group III, laryngotracheoplasty with Montgomery laryngeal stent insertion (5 cases) and group IV, cricotracheal resection with M-tube insertion (6 cases); The number of patients decannulated in group I, group II, group III and group IV were 4, 10, 0 and 5, respectively. We found statistically significant difference between decannulated and nondecannulated group for site and length of stenosis. Patients undergoing dilatation for ...

Acta cytologica

Adult rhabdomyoma (ARh) is a rare, benign tumor originating in striated muscle cells. Ninety-thre... more Adult rhabdomyoma (ARh) is a rare, benign tumor originating in striated muscle cells. Ninety-three percent of the tumors occur in the head and neck region and sometimes mimic malignant tumors clinically. The preoperative correct diagnosis of this tumor is important as it can help in deciding on management. We report two cases of ARh diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Case 1 was a 43-year-old male who presented with a recurrent tumor in the region of the floor of the mouth. Case 2 was a 37-year-old male who presented with soft tissue swellings in bilateral submandibular regions. On cytology in both cases, the smears showed numerous large tissue fragments of tumor cells, which were large, polygonal cells with abundant, vacuolated cytoplasm and bland, eccentrically placed nuclei. Characteristic cross-striation and intracytoplasmic inclusions were not conspicuous on cytosmears. However, a primary cytodiagnosis of ARh could be offered based on characteristic morphologic...

Paddy and Water Environment, 2010

There are various methods for computing reference evapotranspiration (ETo) using meteorological d... more There are various methods for computing reference evapotranspiration (ETo) using meteorological data. However, such models tend to perform well for predicting ETo close to the mean, but do not keep accurate performance with extreme observations. It is recognized that the Penman–Monteith (PM) model has the best performance when rich data is available to calculate the ETo, which is not frequently

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2014

Microbiology Research, 2013

In the present study, effect of catanospermine (CST), 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) or 1deoxymannojiri... more In the present study, effect of catanospermine (CST), 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) or 1deoxymannojirimycin (DMJ) was studied on porcine stable kidney (PS) cells infected with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). As both CST and DNJ are potent inhibitors of ER alpha-glucosidases 1 and II, while DMJ is an inhibitor of Golgi mannosidase which removes alpha (1, 2) Man residues from the N-glycan precursor. Treatment of infected cells with CST (200 uM/mL), DNJ (100 uM/mL) or DMJ (200 uM/mL) did not produce much effect on viral gpE epitope presentation within the cells as well as on the cell surface as detected in the immunofluorescence employing monoclonal (MAbs) and polyclonal (PAbs) antibodies. As well the treated (infected) cells showed only a marginal decrease in infectious virus yield along with a slight decrease in haemagglutination activity of the virus that was recorded in comparison to the untreated infected (control) cells and the cells infected with Dengue virus. Immuno-blotting of the separated proteins from infected lysed cells and probed with anti-gpE MAbs also revealed a band corresponding to JEV gpE (MW 53kDa) both with inhibitor treated and the untreated cells; the reactivity with the former however, was somewhat less intense and prominent in comparison to latter (control untreated) indicating some effect on JEV. The present results indicate that these inhibitors by in large, do not affect maturation and the release of infective JE virions in PS cells.

Otology & Neurotology, 2015

Hypothesis: To study the morphometry of the human cochlea with special emphasis on its basal and ... more Hypothesis: To study the morphometry of the human cochlea with special emphasis on its basal and turn and their implications for cochlear implantation. Background: Cochlear implantation is an established mode of treatment for patients with bilateral, profound sensorineural hearing loss. The intricate knowledge of the anatomy of the cochlea and its variations like unusual constriction of the cochlear lumen or dysmorphic cochlea is important for the success of cochlear implantation. Design: Forty nonpathologic formalin-preserved human temporal bones were microdissected to expose the medial wall of the tympanic cavity. After exposure of the cochlea, its widest transverse and vertical diameters were measured. The internal diameter of the basal turn of the cochlea was measured on 13 sites at every 30-degree interval. The outer wall length of the basal turn was also measured. Results: The mean T standard deviation transverse and vertical diameters of cochleae were 8.06 T 0.80 and 5.85 T 0.72 mm, respectively. The mean diameter of the basal turn gradually tapered from 1.98 T 0.34 mm at 0 degrees to 1.21 T 0.32 mm at 360 degrees. Unusual constrictions were observed in the basal turn of the cochlea in 3 cases (7.5%). A wide range was found in the outer wall length of the basal turn of the cochlea (range 15.6Y24.6 mm). Conclusions: The cochleae differed significantly in their dimensions. Unusual constrictions found in the basal turn of the cochlea in 7.5% cases may explain the difficulties experienced by surgeons to reach full insertion in such cases. An extensive range (15.6Y24.6 mm) of the length of the basal turn denotes significant variations of insertion degrees at constant surgical depths. The refined morphometric information of the cochlea may help in designing and selecting the electrode array for cochlear implantation. Key Words: Basal turn of the cochleaVCochlear implantationVHuman temporal boneVRound window.

Otology & Neurotology, 2014

To evaluate the relation of the basal turn of the cochlea with the carotid canal as pertaining to... more To evaluate the relation of the basal turn of the cochlea with the carotid canal as pertaining to cochlear implantation. Cochlear implantation is an established mode of treatment for patients with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss. An intricate knowledge of both the typical and atypical topography of the cochlea with the carotid canal is essential for safely conducting cochlear implantation. Fifty-eight cadaveric temporal bones were microdissected to expose the medial wall of the middle ear. To open the basal turn of the cochlea, the promontory was drilled. The carotid canal was unroofed to reveal the internal carotid artery. The minimum distance between the basal turn of the cochlea and the vertical part of the carotid canal was measured. The minimum distance between the basal turn of the cochlea and the carotid canal ranged from 0 to 3.9 mm (mean ± SD, 1.3 ± 0.8 mm). The carotid canal was abutting the basal turn of the cochlea in three cases, and impingement of the carotid canal on the anterior cochlear wall was found in five (8.6%) cases. Preoperative knowledge of findings like impingement (8.6%) and abutment (5.2%) of the carotid canal on the basal turn of the cochlea is of immense importance in cochlear implantation, which may otherwise lead to disastrous consequences during surgery.

Process Biochemistry, 2015

This study evaluates the relative beneficial effects of 10% dietary intake of fructooligosacchari... more This study evaluates the relative beneficial effects of 10% dietary intake of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) and isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) and combination of FOS + IMO in poloxamer-407 (PX-407) induced type 2 diabetic Wistar rats. FOSs was produced from Aspergillus oryzae (MTCC5154) while IMOs and standards of 1-kestose, 1-nystose, 1-fructofuranosyl nystose and panose were procured. In silico docking studies were performed by GLIDE program for each of the FOSs and IMOs for PPAR-␥ activation and DPP-IV inhibition. Diabetic rats treated with FOS + IMO showed relatively more amelioration of glycemic and lipid dysmetabolism, remarkable reduction in oxidative markers, increased GLP-1 content as well as Bifidobacteria/Lactobacilli population in caecum than lone FOSs/IMOs treatment. Out of nine oligosaccharides docked from FOS and IMO; panose, nystose and kestose showed highest ranking binding mode with DPP-IV and PPAR-␥ and were selected for in vitro study either alone or in combinations. On its own nystose showed potent DPP-IV inhibitory activity with an IC 50 of 146.8 M while panose at 20.2 M concentrations showed 50% binding ability to PPAR-␥-LBD. Combinations of oligosaccharides tested namely Nys + Pan, Nys + Kes and Pan + Kes demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) effect on PPAR-␥/DPP-IV bioassay. The results provide pharmacological evidence of FOSs and IMOs as antihyperglycemic mediated by their interaction with multiple targets operating in diabetes particularly nystose and pannose.

Synthetic Communications, 2013

General Procedure: One pot two step conversion of alkenes to amines To a clean RBF containing a s... more General Procedure: One pot two step conversion of alkenes to amines To a clean RBF containing a solution of alkene (1 mmol) and water (30 ml), a stream

Synthetic Communications, 2011

An efficient and convenient method is reported for reductive workup of the ozonolysis reaction us... more An efficient and convenient method is reported for reductive workup of the ozonolysis reaction using sodium hydrosulfite. Comparisons were made between triethylamine and methyl sulfide for their use as a quenching reagent in the ozonolysis of a variety of alkenes.

PLoS ONE, 2010

Background: Trypanosoma evansi infections, commonly called 'surra', cause significant economic lo... more Background: Trypanosoma evansi infections, commonly called 'surra', cause significant economic losses to livestock industry. While this infection is mainly restricted to large animals such as camels, donkeys and equines, recent reports indicate their ability to infect humans. There are no World Animal Health Organization (WAHO) prescribed diagnostic tests or vaccines available against this disease and the available drugs show significant toxicity. There is an urgent need to develop improved methods of diagnosis and control measures for this disease. Unlike its related human parasites T. brucei and T. cruzi whose genomes have been fully sequenced T. evansi genome sequence remains unavailable and very little efforts are being made to develop improved methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment. With a view to identify potential diagnostic markers and drug targets we have studied the clinical proteome of T. evansi infection using mass spectrometry (MS). Methodology/Principal Findings: Using shotgun proteomic approach involving nano-lc Quadrupole Time Of Flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry we have identified over 160 proteins expressed by T. evansi in mice infected with camel isolate. Homology driven searches for protein identification from MS/MS data led to most of the matches arising from related Trypanosoma species. Proteins identified belonged to various functional categories including metabolic enzymes; DNA metabolism; transcription; translation as well as cell-cell communication and signal transduction. TCA cycle enzymes were strikingly missing, possibly suggesting their low abundances. The clinical proteome revealed the presence of known and potential drug targets such as oligopeptidases, kinases, cysteine proteases and more. Conclusions/Significance: Previous proteomic studies on Trypanosomal infections, including human parasites T. brucei and T. cruzi, have been carried out from lab grown cultures. For T. evansi infection this is indeed the first ever proteomic study reported thus far. In addition to providing a glimpse into the biology of this neglected disease, our study is the first step towards identification of diagnostic biomarkers, novel drug targets as well as potential vaccine candidates to fight against T. evansi infections.

Phytomedicine, 2012

The antidiabetic actions of Castanospermum australe Cunn., seed (CAS) extract were evaluated in P... more The antidiabetic actions of Castanospermum australe Cunn., seed (CAS) extract were evaluated in Poloxamer-407 (PX-407) induced T2DM rats. The CAS extract (100 and 150 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally once a day for 5 weeks after the animals were confirmed diabetic. A significant increase in blood glucose, HbA 1 c and serum insulin levels were observed in T2DM rats in comparison to citrate control rats. Treatment with CAS extract in T2DM rats reduced the elevated levels of blood glucose, HbA 1 c and insulin with significant (p ≤ 0.001) improvement in OGT. The CAS extract treatment also increased (p ≤ 0.001) the K ITT and prevented increase in HOMA-R level in T2DM rats. The DPP-IV inhibitory potential of CAS extract showed IC 50 value of 13.96 g/ml whilst the standard Diprotin A displayed the IC 50 value of 1.543 g/ml. Molecular docking of the three reported alkaloids from the seeds of C. australe showed comparable DPP-IV inhibition with berberine. Our data suggest that CAS extract (150 mg/kg body weight) normalizes hyperglycemia in T2DM rats with strong DPP-IV inhibitory potential. The molecular docking showed that among the three alkaloids of seed extract 7-Deoxy-6-epi-castanospermine is a potent DPP-IV inhibitor similar to berberine.

Journal of Product Innovation Management, 1991

Examines organizational adoption of R&D/marketing integration from a diffusion‐of‐innovat... more Examines organizational adoption of R&D/marketing integration from a diffusion‐of‐innovations perspective, summarizing findings and concepts gleaned from research. Applies these findings to improve understanding of the problem of integrating R&D and marketing in the new product development environment. Offers managerial recommendations for increased cooperation and communications between the marketing and R&D functions. Presents an agenda for further research.

International Dairy Journal, 2012

ABSTRACT Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitors are promising new therapies for type 2 diabetes... more ABSTRACT Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitors are promising new therapies for type 2 diabetes. Currently, these inhibitors are only available as synthetic drugs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate dairy protein hydrolysates as natural sources of DPP-IV inhibitors. While the DPP-IV inhibitory activity of sodium caseinate, skim milk powder and milk protein concentrate hydrolysates increased over the course of in vitro pepsin-pancreatin digestion, whey protein isolate (WPI) hydrolysate showed highest inhibitory activity following peptic digestion. Hydrolysates produced from sodium caseinate using 11 different proteases displayed higher inhibitory activity than most WPI hydrolysates. However, among all enzymatic treatments investigated, peptic digestion of WPI resulted in the greatest DPP-IV inhibitory activity (IC50 of 0.075 mg mL−1). Fractionation of the hydrolysates by size generally improved the inhibitory activity. This study shows that peptides with DPP-IV inhibitory activity can be generated from dairy ingredients.

Indian Pediatrics, 2012

Thyroid nodules are uncommon in childhood and recurrent thyroid nodules even rarer. Spindle epith... more Thyroid nodules are uncommon in childhood and recurrent thyroid nodules even rarer. Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE), a rare and distinctive lowgrade neoplasm is amongst the differential diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodule in children. We describe a boy who underwent completion thyroidectomy for SETTLE in the thyroid remnant four years after initial lobectomy was performed for the same diagnosis. Patients with SETTLE are to be closely followed as multifocality may manifest and be detected later.

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2010

Chondroblastic osteosarcoma (OS) accounts for about 25% of all cases of OS. It can pose diagnosti... more Chondroblastic osteosarcoma (OS) accounts for about 25% of all cases of OS. It can pose diagnostic difficulty on cytology, as the tumor cells may resemble the carcinomatous cells. We present a case of a 35-year-old female patient who presented with a firm swelling in the left temporal region. On fine-needle aspiration, the smears revealed abundant cellularity with tumor cells showing significant nuclear pleomorphism and multinucleation. The tumor cells had abundant foamy to vacuolated cytoplasm, thereby indicating sebaceous differentiation and it was cytologically interpreted as sebaceous carcinoma. However, on subsequent histopathology, similar tumor cells were seen lying down abundant amount of osteoid material along with foci of chondroid differentiation and was diagnosed as chondroblastic OS. Pitfalls in the cytodiagnosis of this case along with differential diagnosis on cytology are discussed.

Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2011

Basal cell adenoma (BCA) is a rare neoplasm which is one of the basaloid tumors of salivary gland... more Basal cell adenoma (BCA) is a rare neoplasm which is one of the basaloid tumors of salivary gland. Basaloid tumors are the most difficult problem in salivary gland fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). There are various benign and malignant tumors such as; cellular pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, metastatic basal cell carcinoma, metastatic basaloid squamous carcinoma and small cell carcinoma in differential diagnosis. We present a case of BCA, membranous type in a 39-year-old female with right submandibular swelling misinterpreted as adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) on FNAC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:913-916.

Arxiv preprint math/0001144, 2000

The roots of any polynomial of degree m with integer coefficients, can be computed by manipulatio... more The roots of any polynomial of degree m with integer coefficients, can be computed by manipulation of sequences made from 2m distinct symbols and counting the different symbols in the sequences. This method requires only 'primitive' operations like replacement of sequences and counting of symbols. No calculations using 'advanced' operations like multiplication, division, logarithms etc. are needed. The method can be implemented as a geometric construction of roots of polynomials to arbitrary accuracy using only a straight edge, a compass, and pencils of 2m different colors. In particular, the ancient problem of the "doubling of cube" is soluble asymptotically by the above-mentioned construction. This method, by which a cube can be doubled, albeit, in infinite steps, is probably the closest to the original problem of construction using only a straight edge and compass in a finite number of steps. Moreover, to every polynomial of degree m over the field of rationals, can be associated an m-term recurrence relation for generating integer sequences. A set of m such sequences, which together exhibit interesting properties related to the roots of the polynomial, can be obtained if the m initial terms of each of these m sequences is chosen in a special way using a matrix associated with the polynomial. Only two of these integer sequences need to be computed to obtain the real root having the largest absolute value. Since this method involves only integers, it is faster than the conventional methods using floating-point arithmetic.

Arxiv preprint math/0001174, 2000

The roots of any polynomial of degree m with complex integer coefficients can be computed by mani... more The roots of any polynomial of degree m with complex integer coefficients can be computed by manipulation of sequences made from distinct symbols and counting the different symbols in the sequences. This method requires only 'primitive' operations like replacement of sequences and counting of symbols. No calculations using 'advanced' operations like multiplication, division, logarithms etc. are needed. The method can be implemented as a geometric construction using only a ruler and a compass.