Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development (original) (raw)

Papers by Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development

Ethiopia, the emerging economies of Africa has abundant cow milk potential but its milk harvest i... more Ethiopia, the emerging economies of Africa has abundant cow milk potential but its milk harvest is negligible. In order to enhance milk yield, an improved livestock feeding practice such as stall feeding (SF) is introduced and expanded in the region. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the impact of stall feeding on rural farmers' milk production and calf death using IV 2SLS model. The paper used a primary data collected from 251 randomly selected smallholder households consisting 115 adopters and 136 non-adopters. Accordingly, the average SF adopter's milk production per day per cow is 1.3 litters larger as compared to the non-users. Likewise, Stall feeding significantly reduces the probability of death for the newly born calves by about 68%.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2018

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of collective vegetable gardening into an existing dev... more This study aimed to assess the feasibility of collective vegetable gardening into an existing development programme for adolescent girls as a means of improving awareness about health and nutrition and increasing vegetable consumption in Afghanistan. A one and half year pilot study tested the feasibility of layering an intervention that combined agricultural training and input support in Kabul, Parwan and Kapisa regions on an adolescent programme implemented by a non-government organisation. The study included 400 adolescent girls for survey and qualitative tools to understand the local context of adolescent girls' participation in vegetable cultivation. The assessment demonstrates the evidence that despite of the challenging situation and traditional culture in Afghanistan the pilot had successfully engaged almost all of the adolescent girls in collective vegetables cultivation by making them aware about health, nutrition and the usefulness of vegetables consumption while the bad effects of not intake those. And the cultivation proved itself financially viable and very much effective for the community though there were little challenges. The pilot would be feasible and scalable to address the malnutrition and girls' marginalization if those challenges were taken into consideration carefully. Contribution/ Originality Afghanistan is the war savaged and landlocked country where, among other challenges, women especially adolescent girls are culturally, politically and economically marginalized. This study demonstrates the pilot project of vegetables cultivation being implemented by school dropped out adolescent girls could be scaled up and sustained to address the malnutrition and might reduce their marginalization steadily. How to cite: Md. Abdul Alim and M. Anowar Hossain (2018). Nutrition promotion and collective vegetable gardening by adolescent girls: feasibility assessment from a pilot in Afghanistan. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 8(1), 40-49.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2018

This study examined the benefits and challenges small-scale farmers faced in the Taung irrigation... more This study examined the benefits and challenges small-scale farmers faced in the Taung irrigation scheme. Irrigation schemes have been identified as the backbone in promoting agriculture in South Africa. Nevertheless, literature have shown that very few studies have been conducted on the benefits and challenges facing small-scale farmers in irrigation schemes, there is a need to supplement this gap. The findings contend that Taung irrigation scheme enabled small-scale framers to generate income. Income made in the scheme permitted small-scale farmers to purchase gardening tools such as watering cans, cattle ploughs and hoes to improve productivity. The scheme also provides a platform for farmers to produce more food therefore, a reduction in poverty incidence in the area. However, challenges such as lack of market, absence of institutional structure, farming capital, transport and loss of harvest through theft are affecting farmers on the scheme. Institutional structure is needed since it allows small-scale farmers to make decision regarding management of the scheme. Contribution/ Originality This study indicated that Taung irrigation scheme provide a platform for small-scale farmers to generate income which enhances productivity, human capital and physical endowment. The scheme also enable small-scale farmers to produce enough food which improve household consumption thus livelihood. Better management of the scheme would serve as an impetus to employment, income and food security in the area.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2018

The study examined farmers' use of soil conservation practices as strategies for climate change a... more The study examined farmers' use of soil conservation practices as strategies for climate change adaptation in Cross River State, Nigeria. A Multistage random sampling technique was used to draw 180 respondents for the study. Structured interview schedule was used to elicit data for the study while descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Findings from the study revealed that all the respondents were aware of mulching (100%) and majority were aware of planting of cover crops (98.3%) and organic fertilizer (98.3%) among other SCP while some of the frequently utilized soil conservation practices were found to be mulching (mean – 2.95), mixed cropping (mean – 2.85), shifting cultivation (mean – 2.83), planting of cover crops (mean-2.63) among other SCP. Population pressure on land ranked highest (mean = 2.64) as the most serious constraint to the use of soil conservation practices followed by effect of urbanization (mean = 2.53). The study concludes that arable crop farmers are aware of and are utilizing various soil conservation practices suitable to their local needs to cushion the impacts of climate change and recommends enactment of a law by governments that allows for localization of land for various purposes in order to reduce population pressure on arable land. Contribution/ Originality The present study investigated local farmers' adaptation measures to climate change via utilization of soil conservation practices which has shown that local farmers utilized some of these practices and have impacted greatly on their farmlands against some effects of climate change unlike most current studies that concentrated only on national and regional reviews of the subject matter without inclusion of local content which make findings inexplicit to understand. How to cite: Agube, Ejeje Igwe and Ogbonna, Kalu, Ironbar (2018). Use of soil conservation practices for climate change adaptation among arable crop farmers in cross river state, Nigeria.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2018

The present study was intended to assess function of participatory videos in improving economic e... more The present study was intended to assess function of participatory videos in improving economic empowerment of the rural women. Pragmatic information for the study was composed from 65 randomly selected rural women from the study villages using structured interview schedule. The result of the study showed that over half (56.9 percent) of the respondents had medium income improvement due to participation of IGAs like preparation of vermi-compost, preparation of botanical pesticide, home gardening, safe food processing and filming (recording of local events) as introduced by participatory video programs. The result of the study also illustrated that the top mass (70.76 percent) of the respondent women had participation in homestead gardening after joining with video programme while it was less than half (47.69 percent) before joining to video programme. Findings also showed that the half (61.6 percent) of the women had medium to soaring participation in family decision making method. Additionally the study discovered so as to out of the seven selected socioeconomic characteristics of the women except age all the variables have significant positive relationship with their economic empowerment. Contribution/ Originality The present study has taken the challenge of combining video-mediated information with income generating activities of the through rural women which has shown its role in improving their economic capacity was well as taking part of the women in decision making process which ultimately contributing in their empowerment process. How to cite: Khatun, T., Sarker, M. A. and Rahman, M. H. (2018). Role of participatory videos in economic empowerment of rural women: a case study from Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 8(1), 1-15.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

One of the fundamental problems of the world humans live in is that the resources human beings ha... more One of the fundamental problems of the world humans live in is that the resources human beings have used to meet their needs are limited. These resources, when used correctly, are enough to meet these needs. The main problem here is the mistakes human beings make and them not being aware of making these. In other words, they are consciously or unconsciously destroying the world they live in with every action they have taken to create the civilization. In this study, we will focus on the subjects of damages brought out to the natural sources by agricultural and aquacultural production which is used to meet the need for food, and wiping the effects of these damages. In this context, we will also focus on the conditions of the organic agriculture principle application on aquacultural production, which has emerged as a solution to the threats targeting human health and to the environmental problems brought out by the agricultural production. Contribution/ Originality Nature is the source of our life in every sense, and the sources of nature are limited. We must act with this consciousness while meeting our needs or building our civilization. Accordingly, two main objectives of this study are expected to contribute to the literature. The first is to contribute to creating this consciousness. The second is to increase the studies that are inadequate in the field of organic aquaculture. Citation: Hulya Saygi, Mahmut Ali Gokce and Ayhan Saygi (2017). The future of organıc fısh productıon in the world. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(12), 262-267.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

"Conoro" is a traditional fermented condiments prepared from seeds of Baobab, Kapok and Okra. It ... more "Conoro" is a traditional fermented condiments prepared from seeds of Baobab, Kapok and Okra. It is consumed by the NorthEastern Ivoirians. The aim was to report ethno-nutritional knowledge of "conôro" and to understand theirs uses. Data showed that respondents had a high knowledge level of "conôro" (86 to 96.67%). A significant difference is found in ethnic and age groups (p <0.05). Koulango were majority ethnic and people over 65 years old had the high knowledge level of "Conôro" to 96.8-100 % and 85.7-100 % respectively. Conoro's utilization rates varied between 85.27 to 97.93 %. Sauces seasoning (ICF = 0.92) and addition of "Conôro" to other natural substances (ICF = 0.46) were respectively the most reported food and therapeutic uses. Blood pressure (ICF = 0.19) and abdominal pain after childbirth (ICF = 0.33) represented the most common treated diseases. "Conôro" was made from seeds taken individually or combined. The production processes of "conôro" were studied in different localities. Fermentation took 3 days in all localities. It was sold in dumpling form at 25 to 100 FCFA. The conservation time of "conôro" was from 6 to 12 months. Contribution/ Originality This study found that the Conôro help to fight against the high blood pressure and abdominal pain after childbirth etc. In the economic level, its commercialization would represent a source of income for disadvantaged local populations. In addition, this study would promote the plant species used for "conôro" production and their preservation. Patrice (2017). Endogenous knowledge and importance of "conôro", fermented condiment from seeds of baobab (Adansonia digitata), kapok (Ceiba pentandra) and okra (Abelmoschus sp) by Bondoukou department populations (NorthEastern Côte d'Ivoire). Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(12), 244-261.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

An experiment was arranged to evaluate the morpho-physiological characters, yield and quality of ... more An experiment was arranged to evaluate the morpho-physiological characters, yield and quality of local landrace chilli germplasms, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, from October 2013 to July 2014. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Among germplasms, maximum plant height (59.5 cm) and leaves (84.1) from ‘Kajoli’. Number of branches (33.1) was from ‘Akashi’ minimum (18.6) from ‘Dongfou’, chlorophyll content (56.9%) was obtained from ‘Kajoli’, whereas minimum (48.9%) was obtained from ‘Dongfou’. Leaf area highest (125.8 cm2) from ‘Dongfou’, whereas lowest (62.38 cm2) from ‘Deshi kacha Morich’; was recorded as at 85 DAT. Highest flowers plant-1 (68.7), number of fruits plant¬-1 (268.3) were found in ‘Kajoli’, whilst lowest (24.6) and (61.42) were for ‘Dongfou’. Maximum vitamin-C was found in green and dry chilli fruits (76.44 mg/100g and 42.55 mg/100g), of the germplasm ‘Akashi’ and minimum vitamin-C was recorded in green and dry fruits from ‘Deshi kacha morich’. The germplasm ‘Akashi’ gave the highest fresh fruits yield (18.1 t ha-1), followed by Deshi kacha morich (16.9 t ha-1) and Bogra morich produced the lowest fresh yield (13.3 t ha-1). In view of overall performances, So, Akashi with was best for higher fruit, yield and quality chilli production.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

This study was an attempt to investigate the economic performance of stress tolerant rice varieti... more This study was an attempt to investigate the economic performance of stress tolerant rice varieties in different abiotic stress prone areas (submergence, drought, and salinity) of Bangladesh. The study used production frontier approach to measure the technical efficiency at the farm level. Benefit-cost analysis revealed that farmers in all stress environments obtained positive margin on cash cost basis and the profit became negative on full cost basis in all environments with exception for submergence. That means rice production was marginally benefited to farmers in all the stress environments. Farm specific technical efficiency of all stress environments indicated that large farmers were comparatively more efficient due to their economic solvency as they could apply adequate amount of inputs in due time with proper doses. Inefficiency model indicated that farm size, farmers 'education, households' size, farming experience, extension contact, and main occupation of the farmers, were the important factors causing variations in the efficiency. However, BRRI released stress tolerant rice varieties had significant positive impact on technical efficiency. Plausible policies have been recommended according to the study outcomes. Contribution/ Originality This study covered three different stress prone environments (saline, submergence, and drought) of Bangladesh to measure the productivity and efficiency of rice farming. The study also identified the impact of adopting stress tolerant rice varieties in the respective stress prone areas. Researchers and policymakers can use the findings of this study to enhance rice productivity and technical efficiency in the stress prone areas of Bangladesh.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

This study investigated impact of Gomal Zam Dam (GZD) irrigation project on agriculture and welfa... more This study investigated impact of Gomal Zam Dam (GZD) irrigation project on agriculture and welfare of farm households in Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study found immense effect of the project on increase in cultivated area and yield of wheat and gram crops, and diversification of traditional cropping pattern to commercialized farming with the addition of sugarcane and vegetables. The availability of irrigation water also induced cultivation of fodder crops which enabled farmers to add large ruminants to their livestock herds. All these changes resulted improvement in farmers' welfare and development in project area. There are various post project needs which are equally important for long term success. The most important of these needs are training of farmers on water use efficiency; provision of technical assistance on using high yielding seed varieties, chemical fertilizers and pesticides; and provision of credit and subsidies for dairy farming.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

Reduction of rice losses is very important. In this study, appropriate moisture contents for mill... more Reduction of rice losses is very important. In this study, appropriate moisture contents for milling of three common rice cultivars were determined in abrasive and blade whiteners. To this end, a factorial test based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in two milling systems: abrasive and blade whiteners, on three paddy cultivars: Sorkheh, Sazandegi, and Tarom and at four moisture contents: 8, 10, 12 and 14% (on wet basis). The paddy cultivars were dried and converted into white rice in abrasive and blade systems. In each treatment, the rice-breakage percentage, the DOM, the working capacity and the power consumption of each system were measured. The results showed that cultivar Sorkheh had the lowest rice-breakage rate. In addition, the mean breakage rate and DOM were significantly lower in the abrasive whitener than in the blade whitener.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

Technical efficiency was considered in comparing production efficiency of maize crops among small... more Technical efficiency was considered in comparing production efficiency of maize crops among smallholder farmers in Tabora and Ruvuma regions respectively, using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and ordinary least square (OLS) on Cobb-Douglas production function and OLS on technical inefficiency model in STATA 12 on the National Sample Census of Agriculture 2007/2008 data. Findings indicated that, Tabora smallholder farmers were more technically efficient with mean technical efficiency of 61% compared to 53% of Ruvuma farmers. Actual planted area came as the most important factor that increased maize output and Tractor asset being the most in optimal used factor 'keeping other factors constant', in both regions. From the technical inefficiency model; Age, household size, primary education and inputs costs increased technical inefficiency while credit access, capital assets, good living condition and crop farming as main activity increased technical efficiency in both regions. Thus, the support and sensitization from government and other development partners for agricultural development should be area specific particularly where there is high technical efficiency of the given crop. In optimal use of Tractor among smallholder farmers should be taken as a policy issue; for despite the efforts taken by stakeholders its influence to output attained among smallholders is insignificant. Contribution/ Originality Prior research in assessing wellness in using inputs in the country are few and has not considered the effectiveness between the high producing region and the one that has persistence shortages yearly. This paper advances by taking it into account to analyse if output attained yearly reflects the effective use of resources available. It is found that, high produces of the region does not guarantee high level of well use of inputs available and vice versa is true. Citation: Asela Miho (2017). Comparing technical efficiency of maize smallholder farmers in Tabora and Ruvuma regions of Tanzania: a frontier production approach. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(9), 180-197.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

In this study, plant growth parameters of 16 landrace dwarf common bean genotypes collected from ... more In this study, plant growth parameters of 16 landrace dwarf common bean genotypes collected from Western Mediterranean region of Turkey at different salinity levels were investigated. The salt concentrations were applied 0.5 (regular irrigation water), 2, 4 and 6 dSm-1. The study continued until the first flowering was observed in the plants. The results of analysis of the variance revealed significant variations among different salinity levels, genotypes and interaction effects of salinity levels × genotypes for morphological characters.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

The activity was conducted in Liben district to evaluate the yield performance of improved harico... more The activity was conducted in Liben district to evaluate the yield performance of improved haricot bean varieties. 25 pastorals and agro pastorals were selected from Measa kebele with collaboration of Liben Pastoral and Agro Pastoral Office, Zonal Mobile Supporting Team and kebele leaders. The 25 pastoral and agro pastorals were grouped into one PAPRG. Then 25 PAPRG members were regrouped into three experimental pastorals and agro pastoralists. Training were given for PAPRG members. Exchange visit was arranged to share experience on the work each PAPRG. Haramaya, Awasa Dume, Ebado varieties were evaluated with standard check variety. Descriptive statistics and direct matrix ranking was used to analysis the data. Local variety give the highest yield (31kg/ha). PAPRG criteria for haricot bean production was market demand, color, disease/insect reaction, drought resistance. Accordingly, Ebado variety was preferred by PAPRGs based on marketability while Local check and Awasa Dube were selected as first and second respectively based on drought resistance, number of pod/plant, higher yield and resistance to insects. Haramaya variety was susceptible to insects. Pastoralists and agro pastoralists should use Ebado variety to increase their income and local variety for household consumption. Contribution/ Originality Contrary to previous literatures which mostly focused on highland areas this research activity deal with lowland agro pastoral area where agricultural activities challenged by prolonged drought. Most research activities were not indorsed the participation of pastorals and agro pastorals in their research experimentation. This activity, however, emerged from the agro pastorals' problem. Agro pastorals conducted the research on their farm and set preference criteria for haricot bean varieties by themselves. Citation: Basha Kebede, Dembi Korji and Girma Amare (2017). Participatory evaluation and selection of improved haricot bean varieties at liben district, lowland agro ecology of Guji zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(8), 160-166.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

In terms of dependence on livelihoods and employment, the state of Jammu and Kashmir can be consi... more In terms of dependence on livelihoods and employment, the state of Jammu and Kashmir can be considered as agrarian, hence the overwhelming majority of the people live in rural areas. There are many reasons that have led to a dwindling share of GDP of the sector at a time when it should have retained its role given large proportion of people depending on it. These include: Reduction in public expenditure in the sector after reforms, decrease in agricultural land due to conversion, lack of appropriate irrigation facilities, and acute lack of infrastructure, lack of quality pesticides, occasional flooding, and lack of research. This imbalance between production and employment has resulted into compromised socioeconomic profile of the state which includes: Low per capita income, compromised Food security, large Capital outflow, and Low employment. Therefore, in a bid to arrest any further deterioration in its socioeconomic profile, it is imperative for the state to initiate a stream of measures that will enhance the productivity in the sector and safeguard it from undue competition from abroad. Contribution/ Originality In comparison with existing literature that used econometric models which at times become cumbersome, this study uses simple analytical and descriptive approach. More importantly, this study especially focuses upon the impact of deteriorating agriculture on socioeconomic profile of the state. While as the former highlights the presence of myriad bottlenecks in the background of low performance, the latter underlines its significance for welfare of common masses. Citation: Ishfaq Ahmad Malik and Ajaz Ahmad Rather (2017). Deteriorating agriculture: it's reasons and impacts on socioeconomic profile of J&K state. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(8), 149-159.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

This paper estimates cost and benefit of adoption of climate change adaptation options available ... more This paper estimates cost and benefit of adoption of climate change adaptation options available to the rural rice farmers of Nepal. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to source respondents for the study and used structured questionnaire techniques to collect data from 773 households from seven districts-3 from Terai and 4 from Hilly region of Nepal. The result revealed that there are 13 major adaptation options rice farmers practice in order to protect themselves from climatic risk. Among the given adaptation options, the first three costly adaptation options are the alternative irrigation practice which incurred average cost of US $ 69.95 (US$ 1 = 102.84 Nepalese Rupees), followed by denser plantation of local seeds ($ 20.69) and using climate smart varieties ($ 18.06). Nearby 88% farmers practiced more than one adaptation strategies on the same farm with the aim of reducing the effect of extreme climatic conditions. Total cost and revenue revealed that per unit total cost ranges from $ 28.34 to $ 32.79 whereas per unit total revenue ranges $ 33.4 to $ 49.02. Surprisingly, it is observed that farmers who do not adopt any adaptation options are able to received highest income from per unit production. Contribution/ Originality This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion on the adoption of climate change adaptation options among rural farmers from the calculation of the cost and benefit of the adoption of several climate change adaptation options in the case of Nepalese rural rice farmers. Citation: Niranjan Devkota, Ram Kumar Phuyal and Durga Lal Shrestha (2017). Cost and benefit analysis of adoption of climate change adaptation options among rural rice farmers in Nepal. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(7), 136-148.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

The activity was conducted during 2014 and 2015/16 year at Adola Rede and Ana Sora districts, Guj... more The activity was conducted during 2014 and 2015/16 year at Adola Rede and Ana Sora districts, Guji zone to evaluate the performance of improved teff varieties along with management practices under farmers' circumstances and to raise farmers' knowledge and skill on improved teff production and management practices. Two improved teff varieties (Tseday and Boset) were demonstrated along with local varieties. Sites were selected with respective district agricultural offices based on the potential of the area for teff production. Training was given for farmers, Development Agents and experts on teff production. The Participating farmers were also capacitated through training, follow up, exchange visits and mini field days. According to the results, the two improved teff varieties demonstration showed better yield performance when compared to the local variety. Thus, farmers in the area should use Tseday and Boset variety in order to increase their teff production and productivity. Contribution/ Originality This research has typically shown the participation of different stakeholders who can influence the agricultural production on larger area. The study also enhances the farmers' agricultural experiment by Farmers Research Group approach. Further, it focuses on active participation of farmers in the whole process of research and evaluate the progress of crop at all stages of crop. The study links farmers, research center and agricultural offices for the agricultural development of the area through field days and trainings. Citation: Basha Kebede and Dembi Korji (2017). Demonstration of improved teff varieties at selected midland districts of Guji zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(7), 131-135.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

This study consists of using the cocoa bean teguments as a means of sustainable production growth... more This study consists of using the cocoa bean teguments as a means of sustainable production growth and environmental preservation. It aims to characterize the effects of the teguments on the chemical properties of a Ferralsol in Ahoué (Côte d'Ivoire). In an experimental block design of Fisher, three treatments of Cocoa bean teguments: T1 (10 t.ha-1), T2 (15 t.ha-1), T3 (20 t.ha-1) and one Control T0 have been set up with four repetitions. The main results show that the contribution of cocoa bean teguments has a positive effect on all the characteristics studied. The values obtained of the pH of the T0 and the T1, T2, T3 indicates, respectively 4.2; 5.4; 5.5 and 5.8. As regards the contents of the CEC, the values obtained give: 2.32; 7.2; 11.44 and 12.5 cmol.kg-1 , respectively, for T0, T1, T2 and T3 treatments. As for the organic matter, the contents obtained indicate the following values: T0 = 12.56 g.kg-1 ; T1 = 26.49 g.kg-1 ; T2 = 35.09 g.kg-1 and T3 = 38.08 g.kg-1. The data corresponding to the sum of the captions oscillated between 4.5 and 10.5 cmol.kg-1 according to the treatments. Contribution/ Originality Unlike synthetic fertilizers that have a number of disadvantages on the soil, this study focused on restoring the agronomic potential of degraded soils through the use of cocoa by-products. The study shows that cocoa beans teguments, used as an organic fertilizer, constitute both an amendment and a food supply for the plant. The contribution of cocoa bean teguments is one of the solutions for restoring the fertility of degraded soils and improving crop yields.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

Pre scaling up of Gebelcho and Walki was conducted in the highland districts of Guji Zone during ... more Pre scaling up of Gebelcho and Walki was conducted in the highland districts of Guji Zone during 2014/15-2015/16 year to increase farmers' capacity in production and management practices of faba bean. Two kebeles from each two districts namely Bore and Ana Sora were selected purposively based on their potential for faba bean production. From each kebele nine farmers were selected for the activity making it a total of 72 farmers for the two years. Depending on the capacity of farmers 50kg-100kg of faba bean was given for the selected farmers. Around 24.5ha was covered by the crop during the production years. Training was also given for participating farmers and others on production packages of faba bean. Exchange visits and mini field days were arranged for further promotion. The yield gained from the varieties was 33.76qt/ha and 27qt/ha from Gebelcho and Walki respectively. Both varieties were found to be acceptable during field days by farmers due to their disease tolerant capacity. Thus, highland farmers are recommended to use Gebelcho and Walki varieties to increase faba bean production and generate income for their livelihood. Further dissemination of faba bean is expected from seed multipliers in producing quality seed and addressing potential areas. Contribution/ Originality Contrary to existing studies, who looked at the adaptation of different crop varieties on small plot area and on few farmers, this study focused on larger area. This study emerged from the results of adaptation and demonstration of faba bean. Based on farmers' preference criteria during demonstration the selected varieties of faba bean where needed for pre scaled up for further promotion of faba bean on larger area in similar agro ecology. Citation: Basha Kebede and Dembi Korji (2017). Pre-scaling up of improved faba bean technologies in the highland districts of Guji Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(6), 115-119.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

Communities' perception of climate change must be integrated with research information to improve... more Communities' perception of climate change must be integrated with research information to improve their adaptive capacity successfully. Thus, to propose appropriate adaptation options to the specific localities, understanding the levels of perception of rural communities to climate change and variability is crucial. This study aims to capture the rural communities' perception of climate change and its determinants in Dejen district, Nile basin of Ethiopia. Cross-sectional socioeconomic and time series climatic data were used. Stratified and snowball sampling techniques were employed to select a sample of 398 households. Chi-square analysis was carried out at p≤0.05. The majority (65.7%) of households had information about climate change before this study survey. Age, farming experience, income, the number of relatives, access to weather information, farmer to farmer access, and government experts' extension services had a significant effect on the majority of climatic variables perception of households. The households' perception of climate change was in line with results of climate data analysis. The chi-square analysis test of hypothesis shows gender has no significant effect on the perception of climate change. The implication is that all social groups in the study area perceived that there are changes in climate. Contribution/ Originality This article " as opposed to majority of previous studies, gender has no significant effect on the perception of climate change. This unified local perception could be an indicator to say the impacts of climate change is at the community level (covariate risk) ". Contribute to the field of gender and climate change studies.

Ethiopia, the emerging economies of Africa has abundant cow milk potential but its milk harvest i... more Ethiopia, the emerging economies of Africa has abundant cow milk potential but its milk harvest is negligible. In order to enhance milk yield, an improved livestock feeding practice such as stall feeding (SF) is introduced and expanded in the region. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the impact of stall feeding on rural farmers' milk production and calf death using IV 2SLS model. The paper used a primary data collected from 251 randomly selected smallholder households consisting 115 adopters and 136 non-adopters. Accordingly, the average SF adopter's milk production per day per cow is 1.3 litters larger as compared to the non-users. Likewise, Stall feeding significantly reduces the probability of death for the newly born calves by about 68%.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2018

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of collective vegetable gardening into an existing dev... more This study aimed to assess the feasibility of collective vegetable gardening into an existing development programme for adolescent girls as a means of improving awareness about health and nutrition and increasing vegetable consumption in Afghanistan. A one and half year pilot study tested the feasibility of layering an intervention that combined agricultural training and input support in Kabul, Parwan and Kapisa regions on an adolescent programme implemented by a non-government organisation. The study included 400 adolescent girls for survey and qualitative tools to understand the local context of adolescent girls' participation in vegetable cultivation. The assessment demonstrates the evidence that despite of the challenging situation and traditional culture in Afghanistan the pilot had successfully engaged almost all of the adolescent girls in collective vegetables cultivation by making them aware about health, nutrition and the usefulness of vegetables consumption while the bad effects of not intake those. And the cultivation proved itself financially viable and very much effective for the community though there were little challenges. The pilot would be feasible and scalable to address the malnutrition and girls' marginalization if those challenges were taken into consideration carefully. Contribution/ Originality Afghanistan is the war savaged and landlocked country where, among other challenges, women especially adolescent girls are culturally, politically and economically marginalized. This study demonstrates the pilot project of vegetables cultivation being implemented by school dropped out adolescent girls could be scaled up and sustained to address the malnutrition and might reduce their marginalization steadily. How to cite: Md. Abdul Alim and M. Anowar Hossain (2018). Nutrition promotion and collective vegetable gardening by adolescent girls: feasibility assessment from a pilot in Afghanistan. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 8(1), 40-49.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2018

This study examined the benefits and challenges small-scale farmers faced in the Taung irrigation... more This study examined the benefits and challenges small-scale farmers faced in the Taung irrigation scheme. Irrigation schemes have been identified as the backbone in promoting agriculture in South Africa. Nevertheless, literature have shown that very few studies have been conducted on the benefits and challenges facing small-scale farmers in irrigation schemes, there is a need to supplement this gap. The findings contend that Taung irrigation scheme enabled small-scale framers to generate income. Income made in the scheme permitted small-scale farmers to purchase gardening tools such as watering cans, cattle ploughs and hoes to improve productivity. The scheme also provides a platform for farmers to produce more food therefore, a reduction in poverty incidence in the area. However, challenges such as lack of market, absence of institutional structure, farming capital, transport and loss of harvest through theft are affecting farmers on the scheme. Institutional structure is needed since it allows small-scale farmers to make decision regarding management of the scheme. Contribution/ Originality This study indicated that Taung irrigation scheme provide a platform for small-scale farmers to generate income which enhances productivity, human capital and physical endowment. The scheme also enable small-scale farmers to produce enough food which improve household consumption thus livelihood. Better management of the scheme would serve as an impetus to employment, income and food security in the area.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2018

The study examined farmers' use of soil conservation practices as strategies for climate change a... more The study examined farmers' use of soil conservation practices as strategies for climate change adaptation in Cross River State, Nigeria. A Multistage random sampling technique was used to draw 180 respondents for the study. Structured interview schedule was used to elicit data for the study while descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Findings from the study revealed that all the respondents were aware of mulching (100%) and majority were aware of planting of cover crops (98.3%) and organic fertilizer (98.3%) among other SCP while some of the frequently utilized soil conservation practices were found to be mulching (mean – 2.95), mixed cropping (mean – 2.85), shifting cultivation (mean – 2.83), planting of cover crops (mean-2.63) among other SCP. Population pressure on land ranked highest (mean = 2.64) as the most serious constraint to the use of soil conservation practices followed by effect of urbanization (mean = 2.53). The study concludes that arable crop farmers are aware of and are utilizing various soil conservation practices suitable to their local needs to cushion the impacts of climate change and recommends enactment of a law by governments that allows for localization of land for various purposes in order to reduce population pressure on arable land. Contribution/ Originality The present study investigated local farmers' adaptation measures to climate change via utilization of soil conservation practices which has shown that local farmers utilized some of these practices and have impacted greatly on their farmlands against some effects of climate change unlike most current studies that concentrated only on national and regional reviews of the subject matter without inclusion of local content which make findings inexplicit to understand. How to cite: Agube, Ejeje Igwe and Ogbonna, Kalu, Ironbar (2018). Use of soil conservation practices for climate change adaptation among arable crop farmers in cross river state, Nigeria.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2018

The present study was intended to assess function of participatory videos in improving economic e... more The present study was intended to assess function of participatory videos in improving economic empowerment of the rural women. Pragmatic information for the study was composed from 65 randomly selected rural women from the study villages using structured interview schedule. The result of the study showed that over half (56.9 percent) of the respondents had medium income improvement due to participation of IGAs like preparation of vermi-compost, preparation of botanical pesticide, home gardening, safe food processing and filming (recording of local events) as introduced by participatory video programs. The result of the study also illustrated that the top mass (70.76 percent) of the respondent women had participation in homestead gardening after joining with video programme while it was less than half (47.69 percent) before joining to video programme. Findings also showed that the half (61.6 percent) of the women had medium to soaring participation in family decision making method. Additionally the study discovered so as to out of the seven selected socioeconomic characteristics of the women except age all the variables have significant positive relationship with their economic empowerment. Contribution/ Originality The present study has taken the challenge of combining video-mediated information with income generating activities of the through rural women which has shown its role in improving their economic capacity was well as taking part of the women in decision making process which ultimately contributing in their empowerment process. How to cite: Khatun, T., Sarker, M. A. and Rahman, M. H. (2018). Role of participatory videos in economic empowerment of rural women: a case study from Bangladesh. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 8(1), 1-15.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

One of the fundamental problems of the world humans live in is that the resources human beings ha... more One of the fundamental problems of the world humans live in is that the resources human beings have used to meet their needs are limited. These resources, when used correctly, are enough to meet these needs. The main problem here is the mistakes human beings make and them not being aware of making these. In other words, they are consciously or unconsciously destroying the world they live in with every action they have taken to create the civilization. In this study, we will focus on the subjects of damages brought out to the natural sources by agricultural and aquacultural production which is used to meet the need for food, and wiping the effects of these damages. In this context, we will also focus on the conditions of the organic agriculture principle application on aquacultural production, which has emerged as a solution to the threats targeting human health and to the environmental problems brought out by the agricultural production. Contribution/ Originality Nature is the source of our life in every sense, and the sources of nature are limited. We must act with this consciousness while meeting our needs or building our civilization. Accordingly, two main objectives of this study are expected to contribute to the literature. The first is to contribute to creating this consciousness. The second is to increase the studies that are inadequate in the field of organic aquaculture. Citation: Hulya Saygi, Mahmut Ali Gokce and Ayhan Saygi (2017). The future of organıc fısh productıon in the world. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(12), 262-267.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

"Conoro" is a traditional fermented condiments prepared from seeds of Baobab, Kapok and Okra. It ... more "Conoro" is a traditional fermented condiments prepared from seeds of Baobab, Kapok and Okra. It is consumed by the NorthEastern Ivoirians. The aim was to report ethno-nutritional knowledge of "conôro" and to understand theirs uses. Data showed that respondents had a high knowledge level of "conôro" (86 to 96.67%). A significant difference is found in ethnic and age groups (p <0.05). Koulango were majority ethnic and people over 65 years old had the high knowledge level of "Conôro" to 96.8-100 % and 85.7-100 % respectively. Conoro's utilization rates varied between 85.27 to 97.93 %. Sauces seasoning (ICF = 0.92) and addition of "Conôro" to other natural substances (ICF = 0.46) were respectively the most reported food and therapeutic uses. Blood pressure (ICF = 0.19) and abdominal pain after childbirth (ICF = 0.33) represented the most common treated diseases. "Conôro" was made from seeds taken individually or combined. The production processes of "conôro" were studied in different localities. Fermentation took 3 days in all localities. It was sold in dumpling form at 25 to 100 FCFA. The conservation time of "conôro" was from 6 to 12 months. Contribution/ Originality This study found that the Conôro help to fight against the high blood pressure and abdominal pain after childbirth etc. In the economic level, its commercialization would represent a source of income for disadvantaged local populations. In addition, this study would promote the plant species used for "conôro" production and their preservation. Patrice (2017). Endogenous knowledge and importance of "conôro", fermented condiment from seeds of baobab (Adansonia digitata), kapok (Ceiba pentandra) and okra (Abelmoschus sp) by Bondoukou department populations (NorthEastern Côte d'Ivoire). Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(12), 244-261.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

An experiment was arranged to evaluate the morpho-physiological characters, yield and quality of ... more An experiment was arranged to evaluate the morpho-physiological characters, yield and quality of local landrace chilli germplasms, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, from October 2013 to July 2014. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Among germplasms, maximum plant height (59.5 cm) and leaves (84.1) from ‘Kajoli’. Number of branches (33.1) was from ‘Akashi’ minimum (18.6) from ‘Dongfou’, chlorophyll content (56.9%) was obtained from ‘Kajoli’, whereas minimum (48.9%) was obtained from ‘Dongfou’. Leaf area highest (125.8 cm2) from ‘Dongfou’, whereas lowest (62.38 cm2) from ‘Deshi kacha Morich’; was recorded as at 85 DAT. Highest flowers plant-1 (68.7), number of fruits plant¬-1 (268.3) were found in ‘Kajoli’, whilst lowest (24.6) and (61.42) were for ‘Dongfou’. Maximum vitamin-C was found in green and dry chilli fruits (76.44 mg/100g and 42.55 mg/100g), of the germplasm ‘Akashi’ and minimum vitamin-C was recorded in green and dry fruits from ‘Deshi kacha morich’. The germplasm ‘Akashi’ gave the highest fresh fruits yield (18.1 t ha-1), followed by Deshi kacha morich (16.9 t ha-1) and Bogra morich produced the lowest fresh yield (13.3 t ha-1). In view of overall performances, So, Akashi with was best for higher fruit, yield and quality chilli production.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

This study was an attempt to investigate the economic performance of stress tolerant rice varieti... more This study was an attempt to investigate the economic performance of stress tolerant rice varieties in different abiotic stress prone areas (submergence, drought, and salinity) of Bangladesh. The study used production frontier approach to measure the technical efficiency at the farm level. Benefit-cost analysis revealed that farmers in all stress environments obtained positive margin on cash cost basis and the profit became negative on full cost basis in all environments with exception for submergence. That means rice production was marginally benefited to farmers in all the stress environments. Farm specific technical efficiency of all stress environments indicated that large farmers were comparatively more efficient due to their economic solvency as they could apply adequate amount of inputs in due time with proper doses. Inefficiency model indicated that farm size, farmers 'education, households' size, farming experience, extension contact, and main occupation of the farmers, were the important factors causing variations in the efficiency. However, BRRI released stress tolerant rice varieties had significant positive impact on technical efficiency. Plausible policies have been recommended according to the study outcomes. Contribution/ Originality This study covered three different stress prone environments (saline, submergence, and drought) of Bangladesh to measure the productivity and efficiency of rice farming. The study also identified the impact of adopting stress tolerant rice varieties in the respective stress prone areas. Researchers and policymakers can use the findings of this study to enhance rice productivity and technical efficiency in the stress prone areas of Bangladesh.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

This study investigated impact of Gomal Zam Dam (GZD) irrigation project on agriculture and welfa... more This study investigated impact of Gomal Zam Dam (GZD) irrigation project on agriculture and welfare of farm households in Southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study found immense effect of the project on increase in cultivated area and yield of wheat and gram crops, and diversification of traditional cropping pattern to commercialized farming with the addition of sugarcane and vegetables. The availability of irrigation water also induced cultivation of fodder crops which enabled farmers to add large ruminants to their livestock herds. All these changes resulted improvement in farmers' welfare and development in project area. There are various post project needs which are equally important for long term success. The most important of these needs are training of farmers on water use efficiency; provision of technical assistance on using high yielding seed varieties, chemical fertilizers and pesticides; and provision of credit and subsidies for dairy farming.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

Reduction of rice losses is very important. In this study, appropriate moisture contents for mill... more Reduction of rice losses is very important. In this study, appropriate moisture contents for milling of three common rice cultivars were determined in abrasive and blade whiteners. To this end, a factorial test based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in two milling systems: abrasive and blade whiteners, on three paddy cultivars: Sorkheh, Sazandegi, and Tarom and at four moisture contents: 8, 10, 12 and 14% (on wet basis). The paddy cultivars were dried and converted into white rice in abrasive and blade systems. In each treatment, the rice-breakage percentage, the DOM, the working capacity and the power consumption of each system were measured. The results showed that cultivar Sorkheh had the lowest rice-breakage rate. In addition, the mean breakage rate and DOM were significantly lower in the abrasive whitener than in the blade whitener.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

Technical efficiency was considered in comparing production efficiency of maize crops among small... more Technical efficiency was considered in comparing production efficiency of maize crops among smallholder farmers in Tabora and Ruvuma regions respectively, using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and ordinary least square (OLS) on Cobb-Douglas production function and OLS on technical inefficiency model in STATA 12 on the National Sample Census of Agriculture 2007/2008 data. Findings indicated that, Tabora smallholder farmers were more technically efficient with mean technical efficiency of 61% compared to 53% of Ruvuma farmers. Actual planted area came as the most important factor that increased maize output and Tractor asset being the most in optimal used factor 'keeping other factors constant', in both regions. From the technical inefficiency model; Age, household size, primary education and inputs costs increased technical inefficiency while credit access, capital assets, good living condition and crop farming as main activity increased technical efficiency in both regions. Thus, the support and sensitization from government and other development partners for agricultural development should be area specific particularly where there is high technical efficiency of the given crop. In optimal use of Tractor among smallholder farmers should be taken as a policy issue; for despite the efforts taken by stakeholders its influence to output attained among smallholders is insignificant. Contribution/ Originality Prior research in assessing wellness in using inputs in the country are few and has not considered the effectiveness between the high producing region and the one that has persistence shortages yearly. This paper advances by taking it into account to analyse if output attained yearly reflects the effective use of resources available. It is found that, high produces of the region does not guarantee high level of well use of inputs available and vice versa is true. Citation: Asela Miho (2017). Comparing technical efficiency of maize smallholder farmers in Tabora and Ruvuma regions of Tanzania: a frontier production approach. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(9), 180-197.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

In this study, plant growth parameters of 16 landrace dwarf common bean genotypes collected from ... more In this study, plant growth parameters of 16 landrace dwarf common bean genotypes collected from Western Mediterranean region of Turkey at different salinity levels were investigated. The salt concentrations were applied 0.5 (regular irrigation water), 2, 4 and 6 dSm-1. The study continued until the first flowering was observed in the plants. The results of analysis of the variance revealed significant variations among different salinity levels, genotypes and interaction effects of salinity levels × genotypes for morphological characters.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

The activity was conducted in Liben district to evaluate the yield performance of improved harico... more The activity was conducted in Liben district to evaluate the yield performance of improved haricot bean varieties. 25 pastorals and agro pastorals were selected from Measa kebele with collaboration of Liben Pastoral and Agro Pastoral Office, Zonal Mobile Supporting Team and kebele leaders. The 25 pastoral and agro pastorals were grouped into one PAPRG. Then 25 PAPRG members were regrouped into three experimental pastorals and agro pastoralists. Training were given for PAPRG members. Exchange visit was arranged to share experience on the work each PAPRG. Haramaya, Awasa Dume, Ebado varieties were evaluated with standard check variety. Descriptive statistics and direct matrix ranking was used to analysis the data. Local variety give the highest yield (31kg/ha). PAPRG criteria for haricot bean production was market demand, color, disease/insect reaction, drought resistance. Accordingly, Ebado variety was preferred by PAPRGs based on marketability while Local check and Awasa Dube were selected as first and second respectively based on drought resistance, number of pod/plant, higher yield and resistance to insects. Haramaya variety was susceptible to insects. Pastoralists and agro pastoralists should use Ebado variety to increase their income and local variety for household consumption. Contribution/ Originality Contrary to previous literatures which mostly focused on highland areas this research activity deal with lowland agro pastoral area where agricultural activities challenged by prolonged drought. Most research activities were not indorsed the participation of pastorals and agro pastorals in their research experimentation. This activity, however, emerged from the agro pastorals' problem. Agro pastorals conducted the research on their farm and set preference criteria for haricot bean varieties by themselves. Citation: Basha Kebede, Dembi Korji and Girma Amare (2017). Participatory evaluation and selection of improved haricot bean varieties at liben district, lowland agro ecology of Guji zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(8), 160-166.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

In terms of dependence on livelihoods and employment, the state of Jammu and Kashmir can be consi... more In terms of dependence on livelihoods and employment, the state of Jammu and Kashmir can be considered as agrarian, hence the overwhelming majority of the people live in rural areas. There are many reasons that have led to a dwindling share of GDP of the sector at a time when it should have retained its role given large proportion of people depending on it. These include: Reduction in public expenditure in the sector after reforms, decrease in agricultural land due to conversion, lack of appropriate irrigation facilities, and acute lack of infrastructure, lack of quality pesticides, occasional flooding, and lack of research. This imbalance between production and employment has resulted into compromised socioeconomic profile of the state which includes: Low per capita income, compromised Food security, large Capital outflow, and Low employment. Therefore, in a bid to arrest any further deterioration in its socioeconomic profile, it is imperative for the state to initiate a stream of measures that will enhance the productivity in the sector and safeguard it from undue competition from abroad. Contribution/ Originality In comparison with existing literature that used econometric models which at times become cumbersome, this study uses simple analytical and descriptive approach. More importantly, this study especially focuses upon the impact of deteriorating agriculture on socioeconomic profile of the state. While as the former highlights the presence of myriad bottlenecks in the background of low performance, the latter underlines its significance for welfare of common masses. Citation: Ishfaq Ahmad Malik and Ajaz Ahmad Rather (2017). Deteriorating agriculture: it's reasons and impacts on socioeconomic profile of J&K state. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(8), 149-159.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

This paper estimates cost and benefit of adoption of climate change adaptation options available ... more This paper estimates cost and benefit of adoption of climate change adaptation options available to the rural rice farmers of Nepal. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to source respondents for the study and used structured questionnaire techniques to collect data from 773 households from seven districts-3 from Terai and 4 from Hilly region of Nepal. The result revealed that there are 13 major adaptation options rice farmers practice in order to protect themselves from climatic risk. Among the given adaptation options, the first three costly adaptation options are the alternative irrigation practice which incurred average cost of US $ 69.95 (US$ 1 = 102.84 Nepalese Rupees), followed by denser plantation of local seeds ($ 20.69) and using climate smart varieties ($ 18.06). Nearby 88% farmers practiced more than one adaptation strategies on the same farm with the aim of reducing the effect of extreme climatic conditions. Total cost and revenue revealed that per unit total cost ranges from $ 28.34 to $ 32.79 whereas per unit total revenue ranges $ 33.4 to $ 49.02. Surprisingly, it is observed that farmers who do not adopt any adaptation options are able to received highest income from per unit production. Contribution/ Originality This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion on the adoption of climate change adaptation options among rural farmers from the calculation of the cost and benefit of the adoption of several climate change adaptation options in the case of Nepalese rural rice farmers. Citation: Niranjan Devkota, Ram Kumar Phuyal and Durga Lal Shrestha (2017). Cost and benefit analysis of adoption of climate change adaptation options among rural rice farmers in Nepal. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(7), 136-148.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

The activity was conducted during 2014 and 2015/16 year at Adola Rede and Ana Sora districts, Guj... more The activity was conducted during 2014 and 2015/16 year at Adola Rede and Ana Sora districts, Guji zone to evaluate the performance of improved teff varieties along with management practices under farmers' circumstances and to raise farmers' knowledge and skill on improved teff production and management practices. Two improved teff varieties (Tseday and Boset) were demonstrated along with local varieties. Sites were selected with respective district agricultural offices based on the potential of the area for teff production. Training was given for farmers, Development Agents and experts on teff production. The Participating farmers were also capacitated through training, follow up, exchange visits and mini field days. According to the results, the two improved teff varieties demonstration showed better yield performance when compared to the local variety. Thus, farmers in the area should use Tseday and Boset variety in order to increase their teff production and productivity. Contribution/ Originality This research has typically shown the participation of different stakeholders who can influence the agricultural production on larger area. The study also enhances the farmers' agricultural experiment by Farmers Research Group approach. Further, it focuses on active participation of farmers in the whole process of research and evaluate the progress of crop at all stages of crop. The study links farmers, research center and agricultural offices for the agricultural development of the area through field days and trainings. Citation: Basha Kebede and Dembi Korji (2017). Demonstration of improved teff varieties at selected midland districts of Guji zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(7), 131-135.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

This study consists of using the cocoa bean teguments as a means of sustainable production growth... more This study consists of using the cocoa bean teguments as a means of sustainable production growth and environmental preservation. It aims to characterize the effects of the teguments on the chemical properties of a Ferralsol in Ahoué (Côte d'Ivoire). In an experimental block design of Fisher, three treatments of Cocoa bean teguments: T1 (10 t.ha-1), T2 (15 t.ha-1), T3 (20 t.ha-1) and one Control T0 have been set up with four repetitions. The main results show that the contribution of cocoa bean teguments has a positive effect on all the characteristics studied. The values obtained of the pH of the T0 and the T1, T2, T3 indicates, respectively 4.2; 5.4; 5.5 and 5.8. As regards the contents of the CEC, the values obtained give: 2.32; 7.2; 11.44 and 12.5 cmol.kg-1 , respectively, for T0, T1, T2 and T3 treatments. As for the organic matter, the contents obtained indicate the following values: T0 = 12.56 g.kg-1 ; T1 = 26.49 g.kg-1 ; T2 = 35.09 g.kg-1 and T3 = 38.08 g.kg-1. The data corresponding to the sum of the captions oscillated between 4.5 and 10.5 cmol.kg-1 according to the treatments. Contribution/ Originality Unlike synthetic fertilizers that have a number of disadvantages on the soil, this study focused on restoring the agronomic potential of degraded soils through the use of cocoa by-products. The study shows that cocoa beans teguments, used as an organic fertilizer, constitute both an amendment and a food supply for the plant. The contribution of cocoa bean teguments is one of the solutions for restoring the fertility of degraded soils and improving crop yields.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

Pre scaling up of Gebelcho and Walki was conducted in the highland districts of Guji Zone during ... more Pre scaling up of Gebelcho and Walki was conducted in the highland districts of Guji Zone during 2014/15-2015/16 year to increase farmers' capacity in production and management practices of faba bean. Two kebeles from each two districts namely Bore and Ana Sora were selected purposively based on their potential for faba bean production. From each kebele nine farmers were selected for the activity making it a total of 72 farmers for the two years. Depending on the capacity of farmers 50kg-100kg of faba bean was given for the selected farmers. Around 24.5ha was covered by the crop during the production years. Training was also given for participating farmers and others on production packages of faba bean. Exchange visits and mini field days were arranged for further promotion. The yield gained from the varieties was 33.76qt/ha and 27qt/ha from Gebelcho and Walki respectively. Both varieties were found to be acceptable during field days by farmers due to their disease tolerant capacity. Thus, highland farmers are recommended to use Gebelcho and Walki varieties to increase faba bean production and generate income for their livelihood. Further dissemination of faba bean is expected from seed multipliers in producing quality seed and addressing potential areas. Contribution/ Originality Contrary to existing studies, who looked at the adaptation of different crop varieties on small plot area and on few farmers, this study focused on larger area. This study emerged from the results of adaptation and demonstration of faba bean. Based on farmers' preference criteria during demonstration the selected varieties of faba bean where needed for pre scaled up for further promotion of faba bean on larger area in similar agro ecology. Citation: Basha Kebede and Dembi Korji (2017). Pre-scaling up of improved faba bean technologies in the highland districts of Guji Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(6), 115-119.

Asian Economic and Social Society, 2017

Communities' perception of climate change must be integrated with research information to improve... more Communities' perception of climate change must be integrated with research information to improve their adaptive capacity successfully. Thus, to propose appropriate adaptation options to the specific localities, understanding the levels of perception of rural communities to climate change and variability is crucial. This study aims to capture the rural communities' perception of climate change and its determinants in Dejen district, Nile basin of Ethiopia. Cross-sectional socioeconomic and time series climatic data were used. Stratified and snowball sampling techniques were employed to select a sample of 398 households. Chi-square analysis was carried out at p≤0.05. The majority (65.7%) of households had information about climate change before this study survey. Age, farming experience, income, the number of relatives, access to weather information, farmer to farmer access, and government experts' extension services had a significant effect on the majority of climatic variables perception of households. The households' perception of climate change was in line with results of climate data analysis. The chi-square analysis test of hypothesis shows gender has no significant effect on the perception of climate change. The implication is that all social groups in the study area perceived that there are changes in climate. Contribution/ Originality This article " as opposed to majority of previous studies, gender has no significant effect on the perception of climate change. This unified local perception could be an indicator to say the impacts of climate change is at the community level (covariate risk) ". Contribute to the field of gender and climate change studies.