Asma Bensalem - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Asma Bensalem
Plants, Mar 15, 2024
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
La transpiration de cinq varietes de vigne cultivees sous serre a ete mesuree en considerant cert... more La transpiration de cinq varietes de vigne cultivees sous serre a ete mesuree en considerant certains parametres physiologiques et climatiques. Les mesures climatiques ont ete realisees grâce a une chaine d'acquisition et de regulation climatique basee sur un ordinateur (PC), des cartes electroniques (AD/DA et TOR) et des capteurs permettant de mesurer la temperature, l'humidite et le rayonnement solaire. Cette etude a aussi ete fondee sur la mesure de parametres physiologiques tels que la surface foliaire. Celle-ci a ete realisee en deux etapes : une premiere dite destructive, ou les surfaces des feuilles coupees ont ete mesurees a l'aide d'un planimetre. Des relations statistiques ont ete ensuite determinees, liant la surface reelle aux longueurs (L) et largeurs (I) des feuilles. La deuxieme, non destructive, consiste a mesurer les dimensions des feuilles en place et a en deduire la surface foliaire en appliquant les regressions elaborees par la methode destructive...
Photosynthetica, Dec 1, 2016
Water stress is a major abiotic constraint leading to serious crop losses. Recently, in the Medit... more Water stress is a major abiotic constraint leading to serious crop losses. Recently, in the Mediterranean region, water stress has become markedly sensed, especially in Citrus orchards. This study investigated the physiological responses of local sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) clones to severe water stress. Water stress was applied by withholding irrigation during weeks, followed by a rewatering phase during three months. Under water stress, sour orange clones decreased their stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate. On the contrary, biomass was stable, especially in the Kliaa clone. In addition, reduced leaf water potentials (−3 MPa) and water contents were measured in most of the clones, except Kliaa which kept the highest water potential (−2.5 MPa). After rewatering, all clones recovered except of the Ghars Mrad (GM) clone. Ultrastructural observations of leaf sections by transmission electron microscopy did not reveal marked alterations in the mesophyll cells and chloroplast structure of Kliaa in comparison to the sensitive clone GM, in which palisade parenchyma cells and chloroplasts were disorganized. This contrasting behavior was mainly attributed to genetic differences as attested by molecular analysis. This study highlighted GM as the drought-sensitive clone and Kliaa as the tolerant clone able to develop an avoidance strategy based on an efficient stomatal regulation. Although a high percentage of polyembryony characterizes C. aurantium and justifies its multiplication by seeds, heterogeneous water-stress responses could be observed within sour orange plants in young orchards.
Acta horticulturae, Apr 1, 2017
'Asli' autochthonous Tunisian cultivar native to Kerkena islands (South of Tunisia) represents a ... more 'Asli' autochthonous Tunisian cultivar native to Kerkena islands (South of Tunisia) represents a specific genotype regarding its singularity among Tunisian grapevine accessions and aromatic potential expressed by juicy white berries with a high brix degree. Therefore, 'Asli' cultivar is characterized by a low transpiration rate (1.5 mm j-1), justifying its adaptation to drought. Linking the traditional monoculture of 'Asli' grapevine cultivar in Kerkena to the arid climatic conditions prevailing in this region (5<I DM <10), ultrastructural investigations were carried out in order to determine the leaf cellular modifications involved in the adaptation of this cultivar. This study was based on leaf surface and section observations using scanning and transmission microscopy. Comparisons were done between 'Asli' vines cultivated in northern Tunisia (semi-arid climate) and Kerkena islands. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of leaf surfaces and sections from 'Asli' cultivar revealed abundant epicuticular wax deposits on Kerkena grapevine leaves as dense crusts and plates. Further details on the crystalloid structure of epicuticular wax deposits were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). SEM showed also a markedly higher density of lanate and pilose trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface in Kerkenacultivated grapevines in comparison to those grown in the North. On the other hand, a significant cell wall thickening was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on the adaxial epidermis of leaves sampled in Kerkena. This study, carried out for the first time on grapevines native to arid environments, evidenced some adaptation features in 'Asli' cultivar. In fact, epicuticular wax accumulation and cell wall thickening observed on the leaves represent effective barriers to cell and tissue desiccation, while an increased trichome density on the abaxial leaf surface has an anti-transpiring and a boundary layer thickening effects under arid conditions.
Scientia Horticulturae, Aug 1, 2016
Abstract During the last decade, reduced efficacy and failure to control perennial ryegrass (Loli... more Abstract During the last decade, reduced efficacy and failure to control perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with labeled rates of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicide (MSM-IDS) were reported. In this context, the effects of MSM-IDS (Sulfonylurea) on suspected resistant (Mateur) and susceptible (Tinja) ryegrass biotypes, prospected in Tunisian wheat fields, were investigated in comparison with those of Pinoxaden, an Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor herbicide, based on physiological and ultrastructural studies. At their labeled rates, both herbicides significantly affected biomass and gas exchange of Tinja biotype. In Mateur biotype, similar responses as control were observed after ALS inhibitor application. At the molecular level, the most common mutations (P197 and W574) of the ALS gene were not identified in Mateur biotype. Microscopically, a marked collapse of Tinja biotype mesophyll cells was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) after both herbicide applications. However, Mateur biotype mesophyll surface exhibited abundant epicuticular wax deposits and was not affected by ALS inhibitor herbicide. By Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), cuticle in Mateur biotype presented a continuous thick lamellate region, while in Tinja biotype, the lamellate region was discontinuous indicating an easy diffusion of MSM-IDS through the cuticle. MSM-IDS resistant Tunisian Mateur ryegrass biotype seems to have developed efficient micromorphological and ultrastructural barriers against sulfonylurea absorption, which in turn allowed a photosynthetic capacity similar to control.
Journal of Biotechnology and its Applications
The main purpose of this paper is to study the efficiency of the deployment in Tunisia of the Gro... more The main purpose of this paper is to study the efficiency of the deployment in Tunisia of the Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) system and of a solar air heater with latent storage (SAHLS) for heating mode application. A pilot GSHP system using conic ground heat exchanger and a SAHLS were installed and experimented in the Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), Borj Cédria, northern Tunisia. The status of geothermal and the solar air collector energies and their utilization are pointed out, the evaluation of both systems is examined for air heating. Their effect in the growth rate and yield of tomato are also studied. The main results show that the SAHLS gives the appropriate microclimate for plants under greenhouse in comparison with GSHP: high night temperature and low relative humidity. This leads to earliness of 2 weeks and a good quality and quantity of fruits represented by high relative growth rate, high phenolic compounds and a high quantity of marketable fruits.
International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM .., Dec 20, 2021
Scientia Horticulturae, 2016
Abstract During the last decade, reduced efficacy and failure to control perennial ryegrass (Loli... more Abstract During the last decade, reduced efficacy and failure to control perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with labeled rates of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicide (MSM-IDS) were reported. In this context, the effects of MSM-IDS (Sulfonylurea) on suspected resistant (Mateur) and susceptible (Tinja) ryegrass biotypes, prospected in Tunisian wheat fields, were investigated in comparison with those of Pinoxaden, an Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor herbicide, based on physiological and ultrastructural studies. At their labeled rates, both herbicides significantly affected biomass and gas exchange of Tinja biotype. In Mateur biotype, similar responses as control were observed after ALS inhibitor application. At the molecular level, the most common mutations (P197 and W574) of the ALS gene were not identified in Mateur biotype. Microscopically, a marked collapse of Tinja biotype mesophyll cells was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) after both herbicide applications. However, Mateur biotype mesophyll surface exhibited abundant epicuticular wax deposits and was not affected by ALS inhibitor herbicide. By Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), cuticle in Mateur biotype presented a continuous thick lamellate region, while in Tinja biotype, the lamellate region was discontinuous indicating an easy diffusion of MSM-IDS through the cuticle. MSM-IDS resistant Tunisian Mateur ryegrass biotype seems to have developed efficient micromorphological and ultrastructural barriers against sulfonylurea absorption, which in turn allowed a photosynthetic capacity similar to control.
La câpriculture connait un essor a l'echelle mondiale a travers la creation de câprieres mode... more La câpriculture connait un essor a l'echelle mondiale a travers la creation de câprieres modernes a haut rendement. Cette culture est basee sur la production de boutons floraux ou câpres, condiment tres apprecie pour diverses preparations culinaires et jouissant de pro¬ prietes antiscorbutiques (Chervin, 1897). Les câpres sont conside¬ rees comme ayant une action synergique de la vitamine C, elles sont riches en rutinoside et en ferments (Schauenberg et Paris, 1977) et sont souvent preconisees contre les maladies rhumatismales.
… de la vigne et du vin …, 2005
Información del artículo Caractères anatomiques adaptatifs de la feuille de vigne dans le sud tun... more Información del artículo Caractères anatomiques adaptatifs de la feuille de vigne dans le sud tunisien.
La composition du raisin de la variete Muscat d'Alexandrie a ete etudiee dans trois terroirs ... more La composition du raisin de la variete Muscat d'Alexandrie a ete etudiee dans trois terroirs differents au Nord-Est de la Tunisie (RafRaf, Baddar et Kelibia). Des echantillons de raisins ont ete recoltes a maturite industrielle durant les saisons 2001 et 2002 dans les trois regions citees. Les parametres pomologiques (poids moyen de la grappe et de la baie) et physico-chimiques (acidite totale, pH, densite, degre Brix et indice des polyphenols totaux) ont ete immediatement mesures. Les composes libres et lies de l'arome ont ete analyses par chromatographie en phase gazeuse (C.P.G.) equipee d'un Detecteur a Flamme d'Ionisation (FID). Les caracteristiques pomologiques et physico-chimiques n'ont pas subi une modification importante dans les differentes regions etudiees. Cependant, l'effet significatif du terroir se reflete essentiellement sur la composition de la baie en arome. Bien que la somme des trois monoterpenols (MT; linalol+nerol+geraniol) a toujours ete...
Innovative Energy & Research, 2018
Greenhouse heating during cold seasons is costly as it is high energy-consuming. The use of laten... more Greenhouse heating during cold seasons is costly as it is high energy-consuming. The use of latent heat stored during sunny periods for greenhouse heating could be an interesting alternative in several regions worldwide as in Tunisia. Thus, new agronomic/climatic approaches were developed to produce several crops such as tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) in a sustainable way. In this context, the growth, photosynthesis, yield and quality of tomatoes cultivated inside a greenhouse equipped with a new solar air heater with latent storage (IGLHS) were studied in comparison to an unheated greenhouse (IG). Using the solar air heater, the night recovered heat reached 30% of total heating requirements. Consequently, IGLHS microclimatic conditions positively affected plant growth and physiology and led to an early fructification and an increased yield as compared to the unheated greenhouse. Besides, fruit quality evaluation allowed observing significant increases in the lycopene, phenolics, flavonoids and tannins contents (61%, 57%, 63% and 54%, respectively) under IGLHS conditions. The solar air heater collector revealed to be an efficient competitive system enhancing early maturity, leading to increased tomato yields and reducing considerably greenhouse heating costs as it utilizes a highly solicited natural renewable energy.
Heat Transfer Research, 2019
OENO One, 2007
The aim of this research is to identify the optimal flower developmental stage, in order to estab... more The aim of this research is to identify the optimal flower developmental stage, in order to establish an efficient regeneration protocol via somatic embryogenesis in several local grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars, using anther culture. Methods and results: Immature anthers sampled on fruity cuttings, at three flower developmental stages were cultured on three media [MS (1962), NN (1969) and CP (1987)] to which several phytohormonal combinations were added. Anthers, sampled at the « separated floral buds » stage, corresponding to the tetrad stage of microsporogenesis revealed to be the most appropriate for somatic embryogenesis compared to anthers sampled at the « separated clusters » and « early bloom » stages. Therefore, a unique medium, CP (1987) supplemented with 9 µM of 2,4-D and 11.35 µM of thidiazuron was established for the induction as well as the development of somatic embryos. Conclusion: The identification of an appropriate flower developmental stage and the optimization of a unique medium allowed establishing a reliable and repetitive regeneration system via somatic embryogenesis, in several local grapevine cultivars. Significance and impact of study: These embryogenic lines would be particularly appropriate as a target for the genetic transformation, directed towards the induction of tolerance to several biotic and abiotic stresses as well as for bioprospecting.
OENO One, 2007
The responses of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cardinal and Superior Seedless) and two rootstocks... more The responses of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cardinal and Superior Seedless) and two rootstocks (110R and SO4) to drought, the effect of grafting and the interactions of scion/rootstock were investigated. Methods and results: The vines were subjected to a progressive water stress in greenhouse controlled conditions. At the end of the water stress treatments, physiological analyses were carried out (stem water potential, dry matter production, soluble sugars, proline as well as ions Na + and K +). Drought was expressed by the drop of the stem water potential in the stressed vines as compared to their controls. Furthermore, tolerance and sensitivity were linked to the accumulation of soluble sugars and proline as well as the equilibrium of K + and Na + in the leaves. Conclusion: When ungrafted, Cardinal was more tolerant to water stress than Superior Seedless. The grafted vines exhibited more vigour, moreover, the combination of Cardinal with SO4 and Superior Seedless with 110R revealed to be the advantageous associations under water stress. Significance and impact of study: This work has been carried out to investigate the differential responses of grapevine cultivars to drought stress and the impact of grafting under water shortage conditions.
Scanning, 2009
Several Scanning microscopy techniques were used to investigate the leaf surface ultrastructure i... more Several Scanning microscopy techniques were used to investigate the leaf surface ultrastructure in the local ''Razegui'' grapevine cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.). Conventional scanning electron microscopy performed on glutaraldehyde-fixed samples allowed observation of well-preserved epidermal cells with an overlaying waxy layer. At a high magnification, the waxy layer exhibited crystalline projections in the form of horizontal and vertical platelets. Also, to avoid eventual ultrastructural alterations inherent in the use of solvents during sample preparation, fresh leaf blade samples were directly observed by environmental scanning electron microscopy. A classical image of convex living epidermal cells was observed. At 2400 Â magnification, epicuticular waxes exhibited a granular structure. However, high-magnification images were not obtained with this device. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) performed on fresh leaf blade samples allowed observation of a textured surface and heterogeneous profiles attributed to epicuticular wax deposits. AFM topography images confirmed further, the presence of irregular crystalloid wax projections as multishaped platelets on the adaxial surface of grapevine leaf. SCANNING 31: 127-131, 2009.
Plants, Mar 15, 2024
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
La transpiration de cinq varietes de vigne cultivees sous serre a ete mesuree en considerant cert... more La transpiration de cinq varietes de vigne cultivees sous serre a ete mesuree en considerant certains parametres physiologiques et climatiques. Les mesures climatiques ont ete realisees grâce a une chaine d'acquisition et de regulation climatique basee sur un ordinateur (PC), des cartes electroniques (AD/DA et TOR) et des capteurs permettant de mesurer la temperature, l'humidite et le rayonnement solaire. Cette etude a aussi ete fondee sur la mesure de parametres physiologiques tels que la surface foliaire. Celle-ci a ete realisee en deux etapes : une premiere dite destructive, ou les surfaces des feuilles coupees ont ete mesurees a l'aide d'un planimetre. Des relations statistiques ont ete ensuite determinees, liant la surface reelle aux longueurs (L) et largeurs (I) des feuilles. La deuxieme, non destructive, consiste a mesurer les dimensions des feuilles en place et a en deduire la surface foliaire en appliquant les regressions elaborees par la methode destructive...
Photosynthetica, Dec 1, 2016
Water stress is a major abiotic constraint leading to serious crop losses. Recently, in the Medit... more Water stress is a major abiotic constraint leading to serious crop losses. Recently, in the Mediterranean region, water stress has become markedly sensed, especially in Citrus orchards. This study investigated the physiological responses of local sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) clones to severe water stress. Water stress was applied by withholding irrigation during weeks, followed by a rewatering phase during three months. Under water stress, sour orange clones decreased their stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate. On the contrary, biomass was stable, especially in the Kliaa clone. In addition, reduced leaf water potentials (−3 MPa) and water contents were measured in most of the clones, except Kliaa which kept the highest water potential (−2.5 MPa). After rewatering, all clones recovered except of the Ghars Mrad (GM) clone. Ultrastructural observations of leaf sections by transmission electron microscopy did not reveal marked alterations in the mesophyll cells and chloroplast structure of Kliaa in comparison to the sensitive clone GM, in which palisade parenchyma cells and chloroplasts were disorganized. This contrasting behavior was mainly attributed to genetic differences as attested by molecular analysis. This study highlighted GM as the drought-sensitive clone and Kliaa as the tolerant clone able to develop an avoidance strategy based on an efficient stomatal regulation. Although a high percentage of polyembryony characterizes C. aurantium and justifies its multiplication by seeds, heterogeneous water-stress responses could be observed within sour orange plants in young orchards.
Acta horticulturae, Apr 1, 2017
'Asli' autochthonous Tunisian cultivar native to Kerkena islands (South of Tunisia) represents a ... more 'Asli' autochthonous Tunisian cultivar native to Kerkena islands (South of Tunisia) represents a specific genotype regarding its singularity among Tunisian grapevine accessions and aromatic potential expressed by juicy white berries with a high brix degree. Therefore, 'Asli' cultivar is characterized by a low transpiration rate (1.5 mm j-1), justifying its adaptation to drought. Linking the traditional monoculture of 'Asli' grapevine cultivar in Kerkena to the arid climatic conditions prevailing in this region (5<I DM <10), ultrastructural investigations were carried out in order to determine the leaf cellular modifications involved in the adaptation of this cultivar. This study was based on leaf surface and section observations using scanning and transmission microscopy. Comparisons were done between 'Asli' vines cultivated in northern Tunisia (semi-arid climate) and Kerkena islands. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of leaf surfaces and sections from 'Asli' cultivar revealed abundant epicuticular wax deposits on Kerkena grapevine leaves as dense crusts and plates. Further details on the crystalloid structure of epicuticular wax deposits were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). SEM showed also a markedly higher density of lanate and pilose trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface in Kerkenacultivated grapevines in comparison to those grown in the North. On the other hand, a significant cell wall thickening was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on the adaxial epidermis of leaves sampled in Kerkena. This study, carried out for the first time on grapevines native to arid environments, evidenced some adaptation features in 'Asli' cultivar. In fact, epicuticular wax accumulation and cell wall thickening observed on the leaves represent effective barriers to cell and tissue desiccation, while an increased trichome density on the abaxial leaf surface has an anti-transpiring and a boundary layer thickening effects under arid conditions.
Scientia Horticulturae, Aug 1, 2016
Abstract During the last decade, reduced efficacy and failure to control perennial ryegrass (Loli... more Abstract During the last decade, reduced efficacy and failure to control perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with labeled rates of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicide (MSM-IDS) were reported. In this context, the effects of MSM-IDS (Sulfonylurea) on suspected resistant (Mateur) and susceptible (Tinja) ryegrass biotypes, prospected in Tunisian wheat fields, were investigated in comparison with those of Pinoxaden, an Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor herbicide, based on physiological and ultrastructural studies. At their labeled rates, both herbicides significantly affected biomass and gas exchange of Tinja biotype. In Mateur biotype, similar responses as control were observed after ALS inhibitor application. At the molecular level, the most common mutations (P197 and W574) of the ALS gene were not identified in Mateur biotype. Microscopically, a marked collapse of Tinja biotype mesophyll cells was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) after both herbicide applications. However, Mateur biotype mesophyll surface exhibited abundant epicuticular wax deposits and was not affected by ALS inhibitor herbicide. By Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), cuticle in Mateur biotype presented a continuous thick lamellate region, while in Tinja biotype, the lamellate region was discontinuous indicating an easy diffusion of MSM-IDS through the cuticle. MSM-IDS resistant Tunisian Mateur ryegrass biotype seems to have developed efficient micromorphological and ultrastructural barriers against sulfonylurea absorption, which in turn allowed a photosynthetic capacity similar to control.
Journal of Biotechnology and its Applications
The main purpose of this paper is to study the efficiency of the deployment in Tunisia of the Gro... more The main purpose of this paper is to study the efficiency of the deployment in Tunisia of the Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) system and of a solar air heater with latent storage (SAHLS) for heating mode application. A pilot GSHP system using conic ground heat exchanger and a SAHLS were installed and experimented in the Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), Borj Cédria, northern Tunisia. The status of geothermal and the solar air collector energies and their utilization are pointed out, the evaluation of both systems is examined for air heating. Their effect in the growth rate and yield of tomato are also studied. The main results show that the SAHLS gives the appropriate microclimate for plants under greenhouse in comparison with GSHP: high night temperature and low relative humidity. This leads to earliness of 2 weeks and a good quality and quantity of fruits represented by high relative growth rate, high phenolic compounds and a high quantity of marketable fruits.
International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM .., Dec 20, 2021
Scientia Horticulturae, 2016
Abstract During the last decade, reduced efficacy and failure to control perennial ryegrass (Loli... more Abstract During the last decade, reduced efficacy and failure to control perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with labeled rates of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicide (MSM-IDS) were reported. In this context, the effects of MSM-IDS (Sulfonylurea) on suspected resistant (Mateur) and susceptible (Tinja) ryegrass biotypes, prospected in Tunisian wheat fields, were investigated in comparison with those of Pinoxaden, an Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor herbicide, based on physiological and ultrastructural studies. At their labeled rates, both herbicides significantly affected biomass and gas exchange of Tinja biotype. In Mateur biotype, similar responses as control were observed after ALS inhibitor application. At the molecular level, the most common mutations (P197 and W574) of the ALS gene were not identified in Mateur biotype. Microscopically, a marked collapse of Tinja biotype mesophyll cells was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) after both herbicide applications. However, Mateur biotype mesophyll surface exhibited abundant epicuticular wax deposits and was not affected by ALS inhibitor herbicide. By Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), cuticle in Mateur biotype presented a continuous thick lamellate region, while in Tinja biotype, the lamellate region was discontinuous indicating an easy diffusion of MSM-IDS through the cuticle. MSM-IDS resistant Tunisian Mateur ryegrass biotype seems to have developed efficient micromorphological and ultrastructural barriers against sulfonylurea absorption, which in turn allowed a photosynthetic capacity similar to control.
La câpriculture connait un essor a l'echelle mondiale a travers la creation de câprieres mode... more La câpriculture connait un essor a l'echelle mondiale a travers la creation de câprieres modernes a haut rendement. Cette culture est basee sur la production de boutons floraux ou câpres, condiment tres apprecie pour diverses preparations culinaires et jouissant de pro¬ prietes antiscorbutiques (Chervin, 1897). Les câpres sont conside¬ rees comme ayant une action synergique de la vitamine C, elles sont riches en rutinoside et en ferments (Schauenberg et Paris, 1977) et sont souvent preconisees contre les maladies rhumatismales.
… de la vigne et du vin …, 2005
Información del artículo Caractères anatomiques adaptatifs de la feuille de vigne dans le sud tun... more Información del artículo Caractères anatomiques adaptatifs de la feuille de vigne dans le sud tunisien.
La composition du raisin de la variete Muscat d'Alexandrie a ete etudiee dans trois terroirs ... more La composition du raisin de la variete Muscat d'Alexandrie a ete etudiee dans trois terroirs differents au Nord-Est de la Tunisie (RafRaf, Baddar et Kelibia). Des echantillons de raisins ont ete recoltes a maturite industrielle durant les saisons 2001 et 2002 dans les trois regions citees. Les parametres pomologiques (poids moyen de la grappe et de la baie) et physico-chimiques (acidite totale, pH, densite, degre Brix et indice des polyphenols totaux) ont ete immediatement mesures. Les composes libres et lies de l'arome ont ete analyses par chromatographie en phase gazeuse (C.P.G.) equipee d'un Detecteur a Flamme d'Ionisation (FID). Les caracteristiques pomologiques et physico-chimiques n'ont pas subi une modification importante dans les differentes regions etudiees. Cependant, l'effet significatif du terroir se reflete essentiellement sur la composition de la baie en arome. Bien que la somme des trois monoterpenols (MT; linalol+nerol+geraniol) a toujours ete...
Innovative Energy & Research, 2018
Greenhouse heating during cold seasons is costly as it is high energy-consuming. The use of laten... more Greenhouse heating during cold seasons is costly as it is high energy-consuming. The use of latent heat stored during sunny periods for greenhouse heating could be an interesting alternative in several regions worldwide as in Tunisia. Thus, new agronomic/climatic approaches were developed to produce several crops such as tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) in a sustainable way. In this context, the growth, photosynthesis, yield and quality of tomatoes cultivated inside a greenhouse equipped with a new solar air heater with latent storage (IGLHS) were studied in comparison to an unheated greenhouse (IG). Using the solar air heater, the night recovered heat reached 30% of total heating requirements. Consequently, IGLHS microclimatic conditions positively affected plant growth and physiology and led to an early fructification and an increased yield as compared to the unheated greenhouse. Besides, fruit quality evaluation allowed observing significant increases in the lycopene, phenolics, flavonoids and tannins contents (61%, 57%, 63% and 54%, respectively) under IGLHS conditions. The solar air heater collector revealed to be an efficient competitive system enhancing early maturity, leading to increased tomato yields and reducing considerably greenhouse heating costs as it utilizes a highly solicited natural renewable energy.
Heat Transfer Research, 2019
OENO One, 2007
The aim of this research is to identify the optimal flower developmental stage, in order to estab... more The aim of this research is to identify the optimal flower developmental stage, in order to establish an efficient regeneration protocol via somatic embryogenesis in several local grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars, using anther culture. Methods and results: Immature anthers sampled on fruity cuttings, at three flower developmental stages were cultured on three media [MS (1962), NN (1969) and CP (1987)] to which several phytohormonal combinations were added. Anthers, sampled at the « separated floral buds » stage, corresponding to the tetrad stage of microsporogenesis revealed to be the most appropriate for somatic embryogenesis compared to anthers sampled at the « separated clusters » and « early bloom » stages. Therefore, a unique medium, CP (1987) supplemented with 9 µM of 2,4-D and 11.35 µM of thidiazuron was established for the induction as well as the development of somatic embryos. Conclusion: The identification of an appropriate flower developmental stage and the optimization of a unique medium allowed establishing a reliable and repetitive regeneration system via somatic embryogenesis, in several local grapevine cultivars. Significance and impact of study: These embryogenic lines would be particularly appropriate as a target for the genetic transformation, directed towards the induction of tolerance to several biotic and abiotic stresses as well as for bioprospecting.
OENO One, 2007
The responses of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cardinal and Superior Seedless) and two rootstocks... more The responses of two Vitis vinifera cultivars (Cardinal and Superior Seedless) and two rootstocks (110R and SO4) to drought, the effect of grafting and the interactions of scion/rootstock were investigated. Methods and results: The vines were subjected to a progressive water stress in greenhouse controlled conditions. At the end of the water stress treatments, physiological analyses were carried out (stem water potential, dry matter production, soluble sugars, proline as well as ions Na + and K +). Drought was expressed by the drop of the stem water potential in the stressed vines as compared to their controls. Furthermore, tolerance and sensitivity were linked to the accumulation of soluble sugars and proline as well as the equilibrium of K + and Na + in the leaves. Conclusion: When ungrafted, Cardinal was more tolerant to water stress than Superior Seedless. The grafted vines exhibited more vigour, moreover, the combination of Cardinal with SO4 and Superior Seedless with 110R revealed to be the advantageous associations under water stress. Significance and impact of study: This work has been carried out to investigate the differential responses of grapevine cultivars to drought stress and the impact of grafting under water shortage conditions.
Scanning, 2009
Several Scanning microscopy techniques were used to investigate the leaf surface ultrastructure i... more Several Scanning microscopy techniques were used to investigate the leaf surface ultrastructure in the local ''Razegui'' grapevine cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.). Conventional scanning electron microscopy performed on glutaraldehyde-fixed samples allowed observation of well-preserved epidermal cells with an overlaying waxy layer. At a high magnification, the waxy layer exhibited crystalline projections in the form of horizontal and vertical platelets. Also, to avoid eventual ultrastructural alterations inherent in the use of solvents during sample preparation, fresh leaf blade samples were directly observed by environmental scanning electron microscopy. A classical image of convex living epidermal cells was observed. At 2400 Â magnification, epicuticular waxes exhibited a granular structure. However, high-magnification images were not obtained with this device. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) performed on fresh leaf blade samples allowed observation of a textured surface and heterogeneous profiles attributed to epicuticular wax deposits. AFM topography images confirmed further, the presence of irregular crystalloid wax projections as multishaped platelets on the adaxial surface of grapevine leaf. SCANNING 31: 127-131, 2009.