Asmara Imtiaz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Asmara Imtiaz

Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

ABSTRACT: Endometritis is causing great economic losses every year not only because of medication... more ABSTRACT: Endometritis is causing great economic losses every year not only because of medication but also because of prolonged and increased calving period. The studies on prevalence / incidence are scarce which otherwise are essentially required to develop different control and treatment strategies. The objectives of this study was to determine incidence / prevalence of endometritis with regards to milking status and Month / Season wise in crossbred cows. The study was conducted on the crossbred cows belonging to four dairy farms located at Lahore and surrounding areas. Young stock cows fit for breeding (2-4 years old), adult milking cows and adult non milking (dry) cows were three understudy groups. Four hundred animals of each group were examined every month for a period of one year. Endometritis cases were identified through clinical signs (Less pregnancy rate / infertility, loss of appetite, depression, dehydration, vaginal discharge and dullness), Vaginal/uterine swab, colour...

LGUJLS, Mar 31, 2021

Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) is one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st... more Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) is one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Substantial data has been reported regarding the nosocomial infection and their adverse effect on the population, as these infections are a major global safety concern for both patients and health-care ABSTRACT: Nosocomial infections are acquired, during or after being hospitalized. These infections are of high importance and are responsible to cause multiple issues during treatment making the treatment prolonged and economically burdensome. Some common HAI include those caused by Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. These infection are serious and are caused due to multiple factors such as antibiotic resistance, intrinsic factors and the host-environment interaction during the presence of the pathogen. Pakistan being a developing country faces many issues while tackling with nosocomial infections, these not only cause socioeconomic burden but also diminish the quality of life. There is no national approach to control and manage the nosocomial infections. This review not only highlights the hospital acquired infections as a serious threat but also clearly guide to adopt a " manageable approach" so such policies can be made and implemented in the health care system to resolve the problem through a systematic and coherent approach.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1989

Quinolone antimicrobial agents rapidly kill bacteria by largely unknown mechanisms. To study this... more Quinolone antimicrobial agents rapidly kill bacteria by largely unknown mechanisms. To study this phenomenon, a strain of Escherichia coli inhibited but inefficiently killed by (i.e., partially tolerant to) norfloxacin was isolated and characterized. E. coli KL16 (norfloxacin MIC, 0.10 microgram/ml; MBC, 0.20 microgram/ml) was mutagenized with nitrosoguanidine and cyclically exposed to 3 micrograms of norfloxacin per ml. After five cycles, a bacterial strain (DS1) which was killed 1,000-fold less than KL16 during 3 h of drug exposure was isolated. The MIC and MBC of norfloxacin for DS1 were 0.20 and 1.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Over a range of norfloxacin concentrations, DS1 was killed 2 to 4 orders of magnitude less than KL16. DS1 grew more slowly than KL16 but after normalization for growth rate was killed four times less rapidly than KL16 at drug concentrations 10-fold higher than respective MICs. DS1 and KL16 cells filamented similarly upon exposure to norfloxacin. DS1 exhib...

Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

ABSTRACT:Most of the bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family are pathogenic and cause urinary tract... more ABSTRACT:Most of the bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family are pathogenic and cause urinary tract infections, Pneumonia and diarrheal diseases. It was noticed that antimicrobials resistance of bacteria is increasing day by day that brought expanded healthcare costs due to morbidity and mortality from treatment failures. In the present study three of gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis of Enterobacteriaceae family were considered. Antibiotic susceptibility of these bacteria was checked against clinical samples by Kirby Bauer test commonly known as disc diffusion method. Eleven commercially available antibiotics i.e. Fosmomycin (FOS), Imipenem (IMP), Tazobactum (TZP), Meropenem (MEM), Amikacin (AK), Tobramycin (TOB), Nnitrofurantoin (F), Doxycycline (DO), Norfloxacin (NOR), Gentamycin (CN), and Nalidixic Acid (NA) were used to check efficacy against selected microbes.Comparison of results produced by these bacteria showed variability in...

Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

The study was carried out to explore the role of effective microbes in curing the septic wounds o... more The study was carried out to explore the role of effective microbes in curing the septic wounds of Strangles disease affected horses. The submaxillary lymph nodes abscessation resulted during the course of disease and ultimately ended into formation of wounds which were subject to septic environment. Adopting conventional methods of treatment i.e. local use of antiseptic preparations and parenteral administration of antibiotics usually takes long time in healing of wounds. At times the horses do not respond the treatment which results in loss of animal life as well as economic thrashing. Use of effective microbes in animal health is an area which needed exploration. We used effective microbes (EM Technology) orally / locally to cure the septic wounds of Strangle's affected horses and also evaluated its sensitivity in vitro. We found that Bio Vet an EM Technology product as an adjuvant therapy is highly effective for the treatment of strangle wounds. It considerably reduces the h...

Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

ABSTRACT: The problem of antimicrobial resistance is rapidly spreading. Its presence has elevated... more ABSTRACT: The problem of antimicrobial resistance is rapidly spreading. Its presence has elevated the socio-economic burden as efforts have increased inmonitoring the resistance along with the infectious disease burden. Antibiotic resistance is now regarded as a major health problem which is prevailing in different environments. The current study was conducted to evaluate the importance of Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAI) and their prevalence in different laboratories of educational institutes. The samples from the environment of the laboratory were taken and micro-organisms were identified using biochemical and microscopic analysis. S.aureus, S. epidermidis and E.coli were isolated and tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility against several commercially used antibiotics and their multidrug resistance profiling was analyzed. S.aureus had the highest resistance towards Ampicillin (93%), S.epidermidis showed an elevated resistance towards Cloxacillin (97%) while for E.coli res...

Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

ABSTRACT:Antibiotics are being used to treat bacterial infections worldwide. Extensive and unchec... more ABSTRACT:Antibiotics are being used to treat bacterial infections worldwide. Extensive and unchecked use of these antibiotics helps to develop resistance in microbes whichis a growing issue for the medical specialists to treat different infections. To evaluate antibiotic resistance almost 125 samples were collected from different instruments of various institutional laboratories. Different microbes were isolated by using different culture media and further identified by biochemical characterization. Out of all isolated bacteria, only Escherichia coli (E. coli) were selected for antibiotic susceptibility. In the present study six antibiotics (colistin, norfloxacin, neomycin, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim) were applied on the isolates of E. coli. 90% of the isolates of E. coli showed sensitivity or susceptibility towards chloramphenicol. It was concluded that chloramphenicol is the most effective antibiotic in treating the infectionscaused by E. coli.

Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

Laboratory acquired infection occur globally. These infections are caused by multiple parasites a... more Laboratory acquired infection occur globally. These infections are caused by multiple parasites and pathogens belonging to bacteria, fungi and the viruses. Laboratory acquired infections in laboratories of research and development; production installations and academic sectors i.e., teaching labs vary, but do contribute to morbidity and mortality with respect to their occurrence. The health status of a lab worker or technician is an important factor in keeping the community health as these acquired infections easily get introduced into the community. The current review gives an overview about the laboratory acquired infection, their past and the complications that are being faced in their control and management. The review focuses on one of the major problem now being faced in the lab acquired infections that is antibiotic resistance.

Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

Green foddering systems for farm animals vary from one country to another, and the resources / sy... more Green foddering systems for farm animals vary from one country to another, and the resources / system practiced in developed countries differ considerably from those practiced in Pakistan. The present study was undertaken for the evaluation of nutritional values of lucern (Medicago sativa), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) and oats (Avena sativa). These fodder crops are grown in winter and harvested in summer season. The understudy parameters included the evaluation of moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and ash. Standard techniques were used for evaluation using Dessicator, Kjelhdal apparatus, Soxhlet’s apparatus and Muffle furnace available in Biotechnology Lab of Lahore Garrison University. The proximate analysis of Lucerne showed to have moisture 80.2%, crude protein 21.4%, crude fat 1.5%, crude fiber 25.2 % and ash 9.2 %. The proximate analysis of Berseem revealed moisture 85.4 %, crude protein 18.2%, crude fat 2.0 %, crude fiber 17.1 % and ash 8.9 %. The proximate ...

Food Science and Technology

The fertility rate in dairy cattle with cryopreserved semen significantly depends on the reductio... more The fertility rate in dairy cattle with cryopreserved semen significantly depends on the reduction of the toxic effects on the sperms induced during cryopreservation. DNA integrity in sperm is vital for the precise transmission of genetic information and therefore the production of high yielders and maintenance of good health in future generations. The reliable and consistent assessment of sperm motility can be succeeded by Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer (CASA). Ten ejaculates were collected from Frisian bulls kept at Centre of excellence for bovine genetics (CEBG) Renala Khurd District Okara. The deleterious effects of three cryoprotectants glycerol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol as a constituent of tris-egg yolk-citrate extender were compared on diluted post thawed cryopreserved Frisian bull semen. The quality of semen in terms of viability/motility/progressive velocity was determined with computerized external real image optical system (CEROS) and sperm DNA fragmentation was quantified with comet assay using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) technique. Glycerol was the least followed by DMSO and ethylene glycol was the most toxic cryoprotectant both for semen quality and sperm DNA fragmentation. The present study suggests that sperm DNA fragmentation is an associated feature of semen cryopreservation resulting into cell death (non-motile sperms) and glycerol as a cryoprotectant constituent of tris-egg yolk citrate extender offers a better protection for storage of cryopreserved Frisian bull semen in liquid nitrogen.

Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

ABSTRACT: Endometritis is causing great economic losses every year not only because of medication... more ABSTRACT: Endometritis is causing great economic losses every year not only because of medication but also because of prolonged and increased calving period. The studies on prevalence / incidence are scarce which otherwise are essentially required to develop different control and treatment strategies. The objectives of this study was to determine incidence / prevalence of endometritis with regards to milking status and Month / Season wise in crossbred cows. The study was conducted on the crossbred cows belonging to four dairy farms located at Lahore and surrounding areas. Young stock cows fit for breeding (2-4 years old), adult milking cows and adult non milking (dry) cows were three understudy groups. Four hundred animals of each group were examined every month for a period of one year. Endometritis cases were identified through clinical signs (Less pregnancy rate / infertility, loss of appetite, depression, dehydration, vaginal discharge and dullness), Vaginal/uterine swab, colour...

LGUJLS, Mar 31, 2021

Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) is one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st... more Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) is one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Substantial data has been reported regarding the nosocomial infection and their adverse effect on the population, as these infections are a major global safety concern for both patients and health-care ABSTRACT: Nosocomial infections are acquired, during or after being hospitalized. These infections are of high importance and are responsible to cause multiple issues during treatment making the treatment prolonged and economically burdensome. Some common HAI include those caused by Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. These infection are serious and are caused due to multiple factors such as antibiotic resistance, intrinsic factors and the host-environment interaction during the presence of the pathogen. Pakistan being a developing country faces many issues while tackling with nosocomial infections, these not only cause socioeconomic burden but also diminish the quality of life. There is no national approach to control and manage the nosocomial infections. This review not only highlights the hospital acquired infections as a serious threat but also clearly guide to adopt a " manageable approach" so such policies can be made and implemented in the health care system to resolve the problem through a systematic and coherent approach.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1989

Quinolone antimicrobial agents rapidly kill bacteria by largely unknown mechanisms. To study this... more Quinolone antimicrobial agents rapidly kill bacteria by largely unknown mechanisms. To study this phenomenon, a strain of Escherichia coli inhibited but inefficiently killed by (i.e., partially tolerant to) norfloxacin was isolated and characterized. E. coli KL16 (norfloxacin MIC, 0.10 microgram/ml; MBC, 0.20 microgram/ml) was mutagenized with nitrosoguanidine and cyclically exposed to 3 micrograms of norfloxacin per ml. After five cycles, a bacterial strain (DS1) which was killed 1,000-fold less than KL16 during 3 h of drug exposure was isolated. The MIC and MBC of norfloxacin for DS1 were 0.20 and 1.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Over a range of norfloxacin concentrations, DS1 was killed 2 to 4 orders of magnitude less than KL16. DS1 grew more slowly than KL16 but after normalization for growth rate was killed four times less rapidly than KL16 at drug concentrations 10-fold higher than respective MICs. DS1 and KL16 cells filamented similarly upon exposure to norfloxacin. DS1 exhib...

Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

ABSTRACT:Most of the bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family are pathogenic and cause urinary tract... more ABSTRACT:Most of the bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family are pathogenic and cause urinary tract infections, Pneumonia and diarrheal diseases. It was noticed that antimicrobials resistance of bacteria is increasing day by day that brought expanded healthcare costs due to morbidity and mortality from treatment failures. In the present study three of gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis of Enterobacteriaceae family were considered. Antibiotic susceptibility of these bacteria was checked against clinical samples by Kirby Bauer test commonly known as disc diffusion method. Eleven commercially available antibiotics i.e. Fosmomycin (FOS), Imipenem (IMP), Tazobactum (TZP), Meropenem (MEM), Amikacin (AK), Tobramycin (TOB), Nnitrofurantoin (F), Doxycycline (DO), Norfloxacin (NOR), Gentamycin (CN), and Nalidixic Acid (NA) were used to check efficacy against selected microbes.Comparison of results produced by these bacteria showed variability in...

Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

The study was carried out to explore the role of effective microbes in curing the septic wounds o... more The study was carried out to explore the role of effective microbes in curing the septic wounds of Strangles disease affected horses. The submaxillary lymph nodes abscessation resulted during the course of disease and ultimately ended into formation of wounds which were subject to septic environment. Adopting conventional methods of treatment i.e. local use of antiseptic preparations and parenteral administration of antibiotics usually takes long time in healing of wounds. At times the horses do not respond the treatment which results in loss of animal life as well as economic thrashing. Use of effective microbes in animal health is an area which needed exploration. We used effective microbes (EM Technology) orally / locally to cure the septic wounds of Strangle's affected horses and also evaluated its sensitivity in vitro. We found that Bio Vet an EM Technology product as an adjuvant therapy is highly effective for the treatment of strangle wounds. It considerably reduces the h...

Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

ABSTRACT: The problem of antimicrobial resistance is rapidly spreading. Its presence has elevated... more ABSTRACT: The problem of antimicrobial resistance is rapidly spreading. Its presence has elevated the socio-economic burden as efforts have increased inmonitoring the resistance along with the infectious disease burden. Antibiotic resistance is now regarded as a major health problem which is prevailing in different environments. The current study was conducted to evaluate the importance of Laboratory Acquired Infections (LAI) and their prevalence in different laboratories of educational institutes. The samples from the environment of the laboratory were taken and micro-organisms were identified using biochemical and microscopic analysis. S.aureus, S. epidermidis and E.coli were isolated and tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility against several commercially used antibiotics and their multidrug resistance profiling was analyzed. S.aureus had the highest resistance towards Ampicillin (93%), S.epidermidis showed an elevated resistance towards Cloxacillin (97%) while for E.coli res...

Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

ABSTRACT:Antibiotics are being used to treat bacterial infections worldwide. Extensive and unchec... more ABSTRACT:Antibiotics are being used to treat bacterial infections worldwide. Extensive and unchecked use of these antibiotics helps to develop resistance in microbes whichis a growing issue for the medical specialists to treat different infections. To evaluate antibiotic resistance almost 125 samples were collected from different instruments of various institutional laboratories. Different microbes were isolated by using different culture media and further identified by biochemical characterization. Out of all isolated bacteria, only Escherichia coli (E. coli) were selected for antibiotic susceptibility. In the present study six antibiotics (colistin, norfloxacin, neomycin, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin and trimethoprim) were applied on the isolates of E. coli. 90% of the isolates of E. coli showed sensitivity or susceptibility towards chloramphenicol. It was concluded that chloramphenicol is the most effective antibiotic in treating the infectionscaused by E. coli.

Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

Laboratory acquired infection occur globally. These infections are caused by multiple parasites a... more Laboratory acquired infection occur globally. These infections are caused by multiple parasites and pathogens belonging to bacteria, fungi and the viruses. Laboratory acquired infections in laboratories of research and development; production installations and academic sectors i.e., teaching labs vary, but do contribute to morbidity and mortality with respect to their occurrence. The health status of a lab worker or technician is an important factor in keeping the community health as these acquired infections easily get introduced into the community. The current review gives an overview about the laboratory acquired infection, their past and the complications that are being faced in their control and management. The review focuses on one of the major problem now being faced in the lab acquired infections that is antibiotic resistance.

Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences, 2020

Green foddering systems for farm animals vary from one country to another, and the resources / sy... more Green foddering systems for farm animals vary from one country to another, and the resources / system practiced in developed countries differ considerably from those practiced in Pakistan. The present study was undertaken for the evaluation of nutritional values of lucern (Medicago sativa), berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) and oats (Avena sativa). These fodder crops are grown in winter and harvested in summer season. The understudy parameters included the evaluation of moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and ash. Standard techniques were used for evaluation using Dessicator, Kjelhdal apparatus, Soxhlet’s apparatus and Muffle furnace available in Biotechnology Lab of Lahore Garrison University. The proximate analysis of Lucerne showed to have moisture 80.2%, crude protein 21.4%, crude fat 1.5%, crude fiber 25.2 % and ash 9.2 %. The proximate analysis of Berseem revealed moisture 85.4 %, crude protein 18.2%, crude fat 2.0 %, crude fiber 17.1 % and ash 8.9 %. The proximate ...

Food Science and Technology

The fertility rate in dairy cattle with cryopreserved semen significantly depends on the reductio... more The fertility rate in dairy cattle with cryopreserved semen significantly depends on the reduction of the toxic effects on the sperms induced during cryopreservation. DNA integrity in sperm is vital for the precise transmission of genetic information and therefore the production of high yielders and maintenance of good health in future generations. The reliable and consistent assessment of sperm motility can be succeeded by Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer (CASA). Ten ejaculates were collected from Frisian bulls kept at Centre of excellence for bovine genetics (CEBG) Renala Khurd District Okara. The deleterious effects of three cryoprotectants glycerol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol as a constituent of tris-egg yolk-citrate extender were compared on diluted post thawed cryopreserved Frisian bull semen. The quality of semen in terms of viability/motility/progressive velocity was determined with computerized external real image optical system (CEROS) and sperm DNA fragmentation was quantified with comet assay using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) technique. Glycerol was the least followed by DMSO and ethylene glycol was the most toxic cryoprotectant both for semen quality and sperm DNA fragmentation. The present study suggests that sperm DNA fragmentation is an associated feature of semen cryopreservation resulting into cell death (non-motile sperms) and glycerol as a cryoprotectant constituent of tris-egg yolk citrate extender offers a better protection for storage of cryopreserved Frisian bull semen in liquid nitrogen.