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Papers by Ata Shakeri

Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, Sep 10, 2017

Journal of environmental health science & engineering, Jun 9, 2022

PurposePolitical tensions in Iraq have made attention to environmental issues not a priority for ... more PurposePolitical tensions in Iraq have made attention to environmental issues not a priority for the authorities. Therefore, the influence of Kirkuk and Erbil refineries on contamination of the surrounding soil by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were studied.Methods25 soil samples were collected and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and their fate and health risk were investigated using Exposure Model for Soil-Organic Fate and Transport (EMSOFT) and the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) model.ResultsHigh ∑PAHs contamination (raged from 212.8 to 12,790.4 ppb), the dominance of pyrogenic sources, and high ecological risk were observed. The mean hazard index values for children (0.043) are higher than those for adults (0.02), while the incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk values for adults (8.50E-4) are greater than those for children (5.27E-4). Pyrene is the significant soil PAH from the depth of 3 cm downwards, while phenanthrene and fluorene are the major constituents of PAHs between the depth of 3 and 10 cm. Also, low molecular weight PAHs significantly decrease in soil layers over the time frame, and maximum PAHs concentrations belong to high molecular weight PAHs over 20 years.ConclusionUsing an appropriate monitoring system, as well as sound management decisions to reduce the emission of environmental pollution are needed. Also, it seems that the use of constant values for soil physicochemical parameters such as moisture and porosity, despite seasonal variations, may result in uncertainty for fate and transport modelling. Therefore, seasonal sampling and analysis of soil parameters, would be helpful.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-022-00809-y.

Environmental Pollution, Dec 1, 2018

Street dusts contamination by heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the... more Street dusts contamination by heavy metals (HMs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their mineralogical and morphological properties were investigated in Erbil metropolis. A total of 43 soil and street dust samples were collected and analyzed, and SPSS, ImageJ, Xpowder and positive matrix factorization (PMF) software were used for data analyzing. Results showed the role of geology in mineralogical status of dusts. Based on ImageJ software processing, dust particles with diameters below 10 µm and low circularity and roundness were dominant. The enrichments for Hg, Cu, Pb and Zn contents were observed in compare with their calculated local geochemical baselines and geoaccumulation index, while, Ni, Co and Cr were categorized as particularly unpolluted. However, Hg, Cu and Pb showed the highest ecological risk () values among the studied elements, and 25.80%, 25.80% and 12.90% of the samples were classified as very high, moderate and considerable potential ecological risks, respectively. Hazard index (HI) followed the decreasing order of Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > Hg > Zn > Co, and ingestion was the main exposure route particularly for children. The concentrations of individual PAHs ranged from 1.06 to 1000 ng/g, with the dominance of 3 and 4-ring compounds. Also, non-carcinogenic PAHs concentrations were higher than carcinogenic compounds and toxic equivalents (TEQs) ranged from 22.30 to 246.92 ng/g, with a max value in Northern industrial zone. Finally, source identification using multivariate statistics and PMF introduced three main PAHs and HMs sources in the study area including geogenic, traffic and industries, and incinerators (mainly for medical wastes).

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), May 1, 2021

Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, Apr 10, 2020

International journal of energy and water resources, Dec 3, 2019

Chahnimeh reservoirs are the main drinking water sources for the big cities of Sistan and Baluche... more Chahnimeh reservoirs are the main drinking water sources for the big cities of Sistan and Baluchestan Province (Zabol, Zahak and Zahedan) and their water quality of may have a great influence on public health. Therefore, the aims of this study are to assess hydrogeochemical characteristics, and heavy metal(loid)s pollution in four Chahnimeh reservoirs using water quality pollution indices and principal component analysis. The concentrations of Al,

Journal of Engineering Geology, Aug 10, 2018

Agronomy, Apr 14, 2020

Potentially toxic elements (PTE) are considered to be dangerous threats, both for human health an... more Potentially toxic elements (PTE) are considered to be dangerous threats, both for human health and the environment. Here, the contamination level, sources, and ecological risks posed by PTE were investigated in 19 topsoils from agricultural lands in the Bandar Abbas County on the southern coast of Iran. The soil fraction <63 µm was used for the analysis of the pseudototal contents of PTE (arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, and zinc). The results were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlations, different pollution indices [enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (Cf), and modified degree of contamination (mCd), and the potential ecological risk index (PERI). The results of the pollution indices showed that the contamination levels of the studied agricultural soils are low to moderate, while the average PERI values indicate that the ecological risks of PTE range from low to high in the soils of the studied area. Correlations and PCA analyses suggest that studied elements have three possible origins: geogenic (chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, vanadium, and zinc), anthropogenic (cadmium, nickel, phosphorus and lead) and atmospheric (arsenic) sources. These findings are helpful for the long-term assessment of PTE in the Bandar Abbas County.

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, Aug 1, 2022

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, May 1, 2020

Abstract Volcanic gas sampling and SO2 flux measurements were performed on Taftan volcano (3920 m... more Abstract Volcanic gas sampling and SO2 flux measurements were performed on Taftan volcano (3920 m height, SE Iran, Makran volcanic arc) and Damavand volcano (5610 m height, Northern Iran, Alborz Mountains). Both volcanoes possess near-summit fumarolic fields with moderately intensive gas jets and temperatures up to 160 °C (Taftan) and 175 °C (Damavand). Gases of both volcanoes contain (mmol/mol): H2O (910–930), CO2 (50–80), SO2 (3–7), H2S (2–5.5), HCl (5–8.2) and HF (0.1–0.13). Both volcanoes are also similar in terms of minor gas species (mmol/mol): He (0.0005–0.0011), H2 (0.00077–0.0046), N2(ex) (0.15–0.30) and Ar(ex) (0.0006–0.0012), where subscript “ex” denotes non-atmospheric fraction. δD–δ18O systematics has shown that Damavand fumarolic gases contain 60–65% of magmatic fraction whereas the Taftan emissions correspond to almost pure magmatic (“andesitic”) vapor. Low amount of nitrogen in Taftan gases and its isotopic composition may be explained by low input of nitrogen-containing organic matter with the subducting slab due to specific geometry of the Makran subduction zone, namely, by the presence of an accretionary prism of a considerable size. The origin of high CH4 content in Damavand gases and very low concentrations of C2H6 and higher hydrocarbons (0.65 mmol/mol; CO2/CH4 ~ 80; CH4/C2H6 ~ 104) is unclear. Fumaroles of Taftan volcano are poor in CH4, similar to many other arc volcanoes (CO2/CH4 ~ 105). 3He/4He isotopic composition expressed as R/Ra was measured at 7.0–7.5 for Taftan and 6.65 for Damavand, corresponding to the CO2/3He ratio of ~1.0E+10. The δ34S of the total sulfur is +7.6 ± 2‰ (2σ) for Taftan fumaroles and + 8.1 ± 2‰ (2σ) for Damavand fumaroles; δ13C (CO2) is −5.9 ± 2.0‰ (Damavand) and − 4.3 ± 0.15‰ (Taftan). Concentrations of major gas species (H2O/CO2/S/HCl ratios) and isotopic data (R/Ra, CO2/3He, δ34S) show that the volcanic gas composition on both volcanoes have a distinct arc signature. This conclusion is especially important for the intraplate Damavand volcano, which has an uncertain tectonic affinity but according to the latest geochemical studies was considered having hotspot/rift origin. Mini-DOAS measurements of the SO2 fluxes showed 20 ± 12 t/d SO2 at Taftan and 43 ± 20 t/d SO2 at Damavand, which places both volcanoes as small SO2 emitters.

Water Quality, Exposure and Health, Aug 26, 2014

Geochemical characteristics and potentially toxic element contents of groundwater, thermal spring... more Geochemical characteristics and potentially toxic element contents of groundwater, thermal springs, and cold springs of Taftan area in the southeast of Iran examined in two different seasons in order to assess their quality and possible contamination source. Groundwater and spring water samples were collected in May and September 2012 and analyzed for major parameters, anions, cations, and potentially toxic elements. Groundwater is the local source of drinking water and along with cold springs is used for agricultural irrigation. Thermal springs are mainly used for bathing and balneological purposes. For both wells and springs under study, boron was found to have the higher concentration than the specifications in WHO standards except for PF spring. Arsenic, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Ni in thermal springs and most of groundwater samples and cold springs indicate higher concentration than those of WHO standard. The low Na/Ca and Na/K ratios in STS and TTS thermal springs confirm these waters associated with up-flow zones, while higher Na/K ratios for cold springs reveal effects of lateral flows. Conservative elements indicate that thermal springs fall within the hydrothermal field, indicating magmatic affiliation of the thermal waters. High concentrations of trace elements and major ions in well water, thermal springs, and acidic cold springs provide evidences for water-rock interaction processes and the presence of active deep circulations. Saturation indices (SI) show that thermal waters are oversaturated with respect to quartz, chalcedony, alunite, gypsum, celestite, and barite, evident by precipitation of sulfate and siliceous minerals in the most recent precipitates of the geothermal system. The cold springs and groundwater are oversaturated

زمینشناسی مهندسی, 2021

Soils around the petroleum industry sites in the west of Kermanshah province are susceptible to c... more Soils around the petroleum industry sites in the west of Kermanshah province are susceptible to contamination by anthropogenic activities. The risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in west of Kermanshah, was evaluated by collecting 23 soil samples from the petroleum contaminated sites (PC). Source apportionment was carried out by using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) technique. Level of risk attributed to PAHs was evaluated using ecological and carcinogenic risks. Total PAHs concentration, show a mean value of 92.79 mg/kg, ranging from 7.37 to 609.67 mg/kg in PC soil samples. The average abundance order of different PAH ring compounds are 3 rings > 5+6 rings > 4 rings> 2 rings. Ecological risk assessment of PAHs revealed that all of the PAHs levels are higher than the effects range low (ERL) value and show higher concentrations than the effect range median (ERM) values, except for Pyr, Chr, BaA, BbF, BkF and BaP in the soil samples. Result of benzo (a) pyrene equation (BaP eq) indicates that

World applied sciences journal, 2009

Concentrations of heavy metals (As, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Pb and Zn) are studied in the soil of Shiraz ... more Concentrations of heavy metals (As, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Pb and Zn) are studied in the soil of Shiraz industrial complex zone, south Shiraz, Iran to asses metal contamination due to industrialization, urbanization and agricultural activity. Soil samples were collected from three different depths. The A and C depths are enriched with metals such as Ni, As, Mo, Cu, Pb and Zn, compared with the B depth. The average abundance order of heavy metal contents in soil depth are: Ni>Zn>Cu>Co>Pb>As>Mo. Soil contamination is assessed on the basis of contamination factor (CF) and modified degree of contamination (mC). The CF and mC base of d d background values in the three sampled depths for Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mo and As are moderate. Pb reveals considerable contamination. The results of enrichment factor (EF) show that using Sc concentration in the average shale produces higher average EF values for Ni, Co and Mo as compared to average values determined using the actual Sc content in lower core baseline values (background). The results of the principal component analysis (PCA) show Zn, Co, Ni, Sc, Cu, Al and Fe come from a similar source and are not influenced by anthropogenic sources. High loading of Zn, Co, Cu and Ni with clay, Al and Fe indicate the active role played by Al and Fe hydroxides and clay content on distribution and sorption of the studied heavy metals in soil. Also, PCA results indicate that As, Mo and Pb behave differently at different depths.

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, Jan 18, 2018

Gold mining has increased the prevalence and occurrence of heavy metals contamination at the Eart... more Gold mining has increased the prevalence and occurrence of heavy metals contamination at the Earth's surface and is causing major concern due to the potential risk involved. This study investigated the impact of gold mine on heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Zn) pollution and evaluated the potential health risks to local residents via consumption of polluted groundwater, agricultural soils, and vegetable crops grown at three community farms surrounding the mine at Obuasi municipality of Ghana. The results showed levels of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Fe, and Mn higher than the allowable drinking water standards. The vegetable samples analyzed showed high accumulation of As and Ni above the normal value. Bioaccumulation factors of heavy metals were significantly higher for vegetables grown in the Sanso soils. Estimated average daily intake and hazard quotient for As in drinking water as well as As, Pb, and Hg in vegetable samples exceeded permissible limit. Unacceptable non-cancer health risk levels were found in vegetable samples analyzed for As, Pb, and Hg. An unacceptable cancer risk was found via drinking of groundwater, in consumption of vegetables, and in soil. The hazard index for vegetables was higher than 1, indicating very high health risk to heavy metals contamination through consumption of vegetables grown around the sampling sites. The results recommend the need for regular monitoring of groundwater and food crops to protect consumers' health.

Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, Sep 1, 2016

A comprehensive study conducted for investigating the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon... more A comprehensive study conducted for investigating the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bitumen contaminated (BC) and industrial contaminated (IC) soils of Kermanshah province to evaluate their sources and health risk assessment. Forty-two surface soil (0-30 cm) samples were collected and analyzed for 16 PAHs. The total PAHs concentrations, show a mean value of 31.33 mg/kg and 56.31 mg/kg, ranging from 7.35 to 291.38 mg/kg and 6.59 to 662.83 mg/kg in BC and IC soil samples respectively. Positive matrix factorization model (PMF) was used to investigate the source apportionment of PAHs. PMF analysis identified four sources of PAHs as; fossil fuel combustion and unburned petroleum (28.76%), biomass/coal burning (23.55%), vehicular emissions (23.67%) and creosotes (24.01 %) in BC soils and biomass combustion (44.11%), unburned petroleum and coal combustion (17.54%), fossil fuel combustion (19.02%) and creosotes (19.32 %) in IC soils. Ecological risk assessment of PAHs showed that all of the PAHs levels are higher than the effects range low (ERL) values, except for benzo( a)anthracene. Three rings and fluoranthene of the PAHs in IC soils and Nap, Acy, Ace, Phe, Ant, Flt and DBA in BC soil samples reveal higher concentrations than the effects range median (ERM) values. Benzo( a)pyrene equation (BaPeq) values indicate that the carcinogenic potency of PAHs should be given more awareness due to impending environmental risk in the study area. The total incremental life time cancer risk (ILCR) of exposure to PAHs is 9.21×10-3 for adult and 9.54×10-3 for children in BC soil samples and 1.13×10-2 for adult and 1.17×10-2 for children in IC soil samples. Estimated results of ILCR indicate that soil samples are potentially exposed to high cancer risk via both ingestion and dermal contact.

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Sep 16, 2009

Concentrations of elements (As, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Pb, V, and Zn) are studied in the sediments of tw... more Concentrations of elements (As, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Pb, V, and Zn) are studied in the sediments of two adjacent stretches of Chenar Rahdar river. The first stretch (S1) is influenced by urban and arable land wastewater, and the second (S2) is mainly loaded with industrial effluents. The average abundance order of heavy metals content in S1 sediments is Ni &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; V &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Zn &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Cu &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Co &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; As &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Pb &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Mo and in S2 sediments is Ni &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Zn &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; V &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Cu &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Mo &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Pb &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Co &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; As. The maximum average concentration for these heavy metals (except for As) occurs in the S2 sediments. The contamination factor (CF) base of background in S1 for eight analyzed elements is moderate. The CF for Cu, Zn, and Pb in S2 sediments is considerable. The highest CF in S1 and S2 sediments is observed for Mo (CF = 10.95 and 12.41) and indicates very high contamination. The application of modified degree of contamination values (mC(d)) indicates low and high degree of contamination (1.89-4.15) in S1 and S2, respectively. Calculated enrichment factors (EF) reveal enrichment of Mo and As in S1 and Zn, Cu, Mo, and Pb in S2 compared to the average abundances of background level. The maximum EF for Mo is 7.61 (significant enrichment), while Pb, Zn, and Cu with maximum EF between 2 and 5 indicate moderate contamination. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows distinctly different elemental associations in S1 and S2 sediments. The strong association of Zn, Co, Ni, Sc, Cu, Al and Fe in S1 suggests a similar source. The results of PCA for Zn, Pb, Mo and Cu in S2 (componente2) indicate that these metals are influenced by anthropogenic activity. Also, high loading heavy metals with OC (0.97) indicate that organic carbon plays a significant role in the distribution and sorption of these heavy metals in the sediments. Factor analysis indicates that As and Mo behave differently in sediment samples.

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Oct 1, 2015

Abstract Concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) were determined in springs and andesitic–da... more Abstract Concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) were determined in springs and andesitic–dacitic rocks of Taftan geothermal field. Hydrochemical results of major ions indicate that thermal springs are Na-SO 4 -Cl and Ca-SO 4 -Cl types. Concentrations of REEs are in ranges of 10 − 4 to 1.2 and 49 to ~ 62 times of chondrite for springwater and rock samples, respectively. The thermal (STS and TTS) and the cold (APS) springs with low pH values exhibit a very high REE contents (0.64 to 3.15 mg/l). Saturation index indicates that Fe and Al phases can control dissolved REE concentration in FTS and PF cold springs. The speciation of REE complexes indicates dominant presence of LnSO 4 + and free ion in the Taftan thermal springs. In APS cold spring with pH ~ 4, fluoride complexes are dominate over the free ion and sulfate species, while in PF and FTS cold springs with pH 6.4 and 7, respectively, carbonate complexes (LnCO 3 + ) are predominant species. Chondrite-normalized pattern for the low-pH waters show very distinctive gull-wing patterns, characteristic feature of acid-sulfate geothermal systems, and are similar to those of the host rocks. Chemical characteristics of rare earth elements in spring and volcanic rock samples indicate that REEs are originated from the andesitic–dacitic host rocks. Whole-rock-normalized REE patterns and petrographic evidences show that rare earth elements leached mainly from marginal alteration of minerals and matrix decomposition in volcanic rocks. In chondrite-normalized REE patterns, significant negative Eu anomaly in the cold springs compare to the thermal and acidic springs indicates that alteration of plagioclase is more intense in the later, corresponding to increasing in temperature and acidic state of reactant water.

DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Mar 1, 2019

Background and Objective: Chahnimeh water reservoirs in Sistan and Baluchestan Province are the m... more Background and Objective: Chahnimeh water reservoirs in Sistan and Baluchestan Province are the most important sources for drinking water and irrigation purposes. Many factors such as precipitation, the geography of the watershed, atmosphere, geology and Human activities affect on the chemical, physical, and biological compositions of Chahnimeh water reservoirs. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to monitor and assess water quality in four Chahnimeh reservoirs during two sampling periods. Materials and Methods: 84 water samples were taken based on the standard methods (in September 2017 and April 2018) for measurement of the most important physicochemical parameters including major anions, total coliform, BOD, EC, TDS, pH and nitrate. Water quality index (WQI) was used to evaluate the overall water quality status in the Chahnimeh reservoirs. Results: The results of hydro-geochemical analysis indicated that the water type changed from sodic bicarbonate and sulfur dioxide to radicle chloride during sampling periods. The Gibbs chart showed that weathering of rocks mainly controlled the chemistry of the main water ions. The results of statistical analyses revealed that there was a high correlation between parameters such as chlorophyll, nitrate, sulfate and chlorine with water quality index. Water quality zoning results based on the WQI index indicated a decrease in the water quality of the wells by 3, 2, 1, and 4, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the use of WQI was helpful for fast data interpretation for drinking water purposes in the area. Based on the WQI classification, majority of the samples are falling under good to poor water category.

International Journal of Energy and Water Resources, 2019