Atif Mahmood - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Atif Mahmood

J Med Sci Cli Res , 2015

To assess BMD and its association with fracture risk in elderly type II diabetic patients by usin... more To assess BMD and its association with fracture risk in elderly type II diabetic patients by using Fracture Risk Assessment Tool as a standard predictor of fracture risk. Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is the most common health problem worldwide and is estimated to be 6-8% of the overall population world over. A change in bone health is one of the many complications of this metabolic disorder. Most of the studies reported reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in Type 1 diabetes with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. However, there have been conflicting results on the effects of type II diabetes on BMD and incidence of osteoporotic fracture due to the pathogenic complexity of the condition. Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX) tool is a standard predictor of fracture risk assessment and assesses the ten-year risk of osteoporosis fracture based on individual risk factors, with or without BMD. Methodology: A case control study was conducted on a purposive sample of 252 type II diabetic and non-diabetic patients from different health care centers of Karachi. The participants were asked to fill a detailed questionnaire about their personal, present and past medical history and risk factors of osteoporosis were assessed. Type II diabetics with a history of at least 3 years were included in the study. Patients with history of drug and hormone intake that affects bone metabolism or any disease or surgery involving any joint; cancer and renal failure were excluded from the study. BMD measurements were done by Bone Densitometer (SONOST 3000). BMD was calculated by combining BUA and SOS which yields the QUI index. Calcaneus bone of right heel was used for measurement. T scores were used to evaluate BMD and risk of osteoporosis and Osteopenia were assessed by FRAX tool.

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2015

The variability in patient outcome and propensity for surgical complications in total hip replace... more The variability in patient outcome and propensity for surgical complications in total hip replacement (THR) necessitates the development of a comprehensive, quantitative methodology for prescribing the optimal type of prosthetic stem: cemented or cementless. The objective of the research presented herein was to describe a novel approach to this problem as a first step towards creating a patient-specific, presurgical application for determining the optimal prosthesis procedure. Finite element analysis (FEA) and bone mineral density (BMD) calculations were performed with ten voluntary primary THR patients to estimate the status of their operative femurs before surgery. A compilation model of the press-fitting procedure was generated to define a fracture risk index (FRI) from incurred forces on the periprosthetic femoral head. Comparing these values to patient age, sex, and gender elicited a high degree of variability between patients grouped by implant procedure, reinforcing the notio...

Aim: To observe the effect of dyslipedemia on insulin resistance in centrally obese adult groups.... more Aim: To observe the effect of dyslipedemia on insulin resistance in centrally obese adult groups. Methods: This study was carried out by arranging free camp for obesity in Clifton area and Punjab colony for adults (20-40 years) from November 2010 to April 2011. For assessment hundred overweight patients were involved. After taking history & physical examination, samples were collected for fasting blood sugar, insulin and lipid profile. The BMI, and waist hip ratio was measured by following the criteria of the national heart lung and blood institute. Results: One hundred patients select for the purposes of study. In centrally obese, body mass index was high in female (34.1±0.67) as compared with males (31.68±0.53), but waist hip ratio was elevated in male cases (2.16 ±0.14) as compared to females (1.64±0.17). Statistical analysis was carried out. The lipid profile including, cholesterol (280.4±3.44) and LDL (175.15±3.085) was high in male cases as compared with female cases, choleste...

This study aimed to assess and compare the platelet profiles of normotensive, hypertensive, and p... more This study aimed to assess and compare the platelet profiles of normotensive, hypertensive, and preeclamptic pregnant women. Further, to find out if mean platelet volume (MPV) and/or platelet distribution width (PDW) could serve as an indicator of the severity of hypertension and the diagnostic marker of preeclampsia. This is a case-control study, in which we included 300 hypertensive and preeclamptic pregnant females aged between 20 to 40 years. Blood samples were analyzed using the Roche model at Dow Diagnostic Research and Reference laboratory (DDRRL). Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. High MPV were observed as 9.57 + 2.6, 10.9 + 5.4 and 12.3 + 34 among control, hypertensive and preeclamptic females. Statistically significant differences were observed between control vs. hypertensive with a p-value of 0.005, and 0.0001 between control vs. preeclampsia....

Medical profession often described as a noble profession, is amongst the most demanded and respec... more Medical profession often described as a noble profession, is amongst the most demanded and respected professions worldwide. 1 Doctors provide healthcare services to alleviate the sufferings. Doctors work in coordination with a team of experts that help them diagnose, treat and rehabilitate those who have suffered from an injury or a disease. Doctors are required to keep themselves up to date through continuous medical education to keep up with the latest developments in the field. Nowadays, medical career is a diverse and versatile field that provides many career options. Besides becom-ing physicians and surgeons, doctors can opt to become clinical researchers, medical educa-tionists, health managers and occupational therapists. 2 Growing population, increasing prices, lack of resources and limited access to medical facili-ties leads to poorer health and therefore, need for health care providers continue to rise eve-rywhere in the world. Doctors usually earn good living with secure ...

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2022

Introduction: Cataract is main cause of reversible blindness and visual impairment. Risk factors ... more Introduction: Cataract is main cause of reversible blindness and visual impairment. Risk factors include anti-hyperlipidemic drugs such as statin. However, the mechanism of statins as a risk factor for cataracts is not clear. The antioxidant effect of statin is reported in some studies while other studies showed negative results. This study was conducted to understand the association of cataract in statin users with antioxidant gene abnormalities. Objective: To investigate the risk factor of statin in the formation of cataracts in the Pakistani population. Methods: This was a multi-centric case-control study in Karachi, Pakistan between September 2019 and 2020. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at rs2070424 locus for superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene, at rs1050450 for glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and rs7943316 locus for catalase (CAT), were examined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using high resolution melting curve (HRM) technique in 250 cataract patients. Results: The ri...

Background: Stressful situation are among the challenging experiences especially in clinical sett... more Background: Stressful situation are among the challenging experiences especially in clinical setting. The aim of this study was to compare the level of work-related stress among nurses working in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), General ward and Emergency setting. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at different private tertiary hospitals of Karachi in 2017-2018. Two stage sampling technique including quota and convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data. A total of 225 participants were recruited. Pre-validated questionnaire was used which contained different stress related categories. Midwives, nursing assistants, part time nurses and nurses employed at management positions were excluded from the study. Data were presented as frequency and percentage and mean and standard deviation. The chi-square test was used for examine association of categorical variables. The SPSS used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of participants was 26.5±2.4 years. Stress...

The objective of the study was to determine the attitude and practices of General Practitioners o... more The objective of the study was to determine the attitude and practices of General Practitioners of sub-urban area of Karachi related to lifestyle counseling and health promotion. It was a cross-sectional study conducted using a survey questionnaire filled by General Practitioners working in Primary Healthcare clinics in Lyari-Korangi area of Karachi. Two hundred and ten GPs were eligible for the survey non-probability purposive sampling. The mean, standard deviation and ranges of all measurements were compared with the norms established by Steiner. All statistical evaluation was performed by SPSS 16 .0 version software, the student t-test were performed to compare the sample with Steiner means. Those GPs assigning a high priority level to preventive medicine also practiced lifestyle counseling and disease promotion more often. Most GPs said they were prepared to counsel patients regarding different lifestyle behaviors. A large percentage of GPs opined that their effectiveness to hel...

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Y chromosome microdeletions in Pakistani idiopathic inf... more Objective: To determine the prevalence of Y chromosome microdeletions in Pakistani idiopathic infertile men, using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Patients and Methods: A case control study was conducted on the infertile male patients attending OPD’s of Aziz Medical Hospital and National Center for Fertility Control, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi. A total of 220 primary infertile men, of which 150 (68.2%) had azoospermia, 40 (18.2%) had severe oligozoospermia and 30 (13.6%) had oligozoospermia and 220 fertile men as control group were studied. Six sequence-tagged sites: sY84 and sY86 for AZFa, sY127 and sY134 for AZFb, and sY254 and sY255 for AZFc were used for amplification of the azoospermia factor region of Y chromosome according to the recommendations of European Academy of Andrology and the European Quality Monitoring Network Group. Results: Yq microdeletions were found in (12) 5.45% cases, while none in the control group (p =<0.007). All the micro...

Objective: To ascertain association of raised BMI with Testosterone levels among infertile males.... more Objective: To ascertain association of raised BMI with Testosterone levels among infertile males. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from April 2010 to March 2011. Sample size was 300 males (147 infertile and 153 healthy fertile control subjects) aged 30 and 60 years, selected from the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Aziz Medical Center and Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi. All the subjects were grouped to BMI criteria (Ascian pacific region for WHO). They were selected by purposive sampling after a detailed medical history and physical examination. Semen analysis was done and blood samples were collected for serum Testosterone levels. Data was analyzed via SPSS 16.0 by using Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) and independent t test to compare the means and to observe sensitivity of tests and to evaluate the significant association with in the group. Results: A significant negative correlation existed between Testosterone and BMI .Raised BMI appear to have an assoc...

Background: Health is an imperative feature of an individual’s life, by and large health status i... more Background: Health is an imperative feature of an individual’s life, by and large health status is considered as reduce in illness, low burden of disease and morbidity in general population. It is generally accepted that improved health is not simply controlled level of fertility or reduce in the mortality and morbidity but improvement in the overall productivity of an individual Objectives: To determine the determinant of public attitude towards seeking health service, and identify the level of their satisfaction with healthcare services. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross sectional study which was carried out in private and public hospitals of Karachi and Hyderabad. Questionnaire based survey was conducted to measure the health seeking behavior; as no standardize tool was available on this subject a self-designed questionnaire with the help of relevant studies, that was reviewed by subject experts and the corrections were made based on the experts suggestion. Data was collec...

Saudi Medical Journal, 2020

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between a prostasin gene variations and the developme... more Objectives: To investigate the relationship between a prostasin gene variations and the development of preeclampsia in a Pakistani female population.

Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine, 2014

n modern society, shift work is very common. About 17% European workforce appoints for shift work... more n modern society, shift work is very common. About 17% European workforce appoints for shift work and about 39% have irregular working hours. Shift work exerts harmful effects on workers that include health, sleep, family, and social life problems and other issues such as accidents and errors in workforce life 1 .

Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 2014

Eating Disorders are crucial and multifaceted distressing and substantial habits distinguished by... more Eating Disorders are crucial and multifaceted distressing and substantial habits distinguished by critical disruptions in eating attitudes. If not treated, eating disorders result in physical problems, psychiatric illnesses and possible mortality. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the two renowned eating disorders around the world. Eating disorders are prevalent in both the genders and all the age groups with females and younger age group more prone towards the development of the disease. Prognosis and treatment of these disorders is critical. A descriptive cross sectional study was designed to evaluate the MBA students in a business school for eating disorders using EAT-26 and SCOFF questionnaires. Data was collected from 150 MBA students during university timings using the non-probability convenient sampling. Written informed consent was obtained from each and every participant and confidentiality and anonymity of data was ensured. SPSS-17 was used for statistical analysis. It was found that out of 150 students, 35 (23.33%) and 16 (10.67%) were at high risk to suffer from eating disorders on EAT-26 and SCOFF scales respectively. Moreover females (41.77%) and younger (31.58%) age group were found to be more vulnerable to eating disorders. It has been concluded that a considerable number of students are susceptible to development of eating disorders, females being more vulnerable than males. It has also been suggested that strategies should be planned to avert incidence of such ailments among students.

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2012

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1416 women (age: 25 years or more), belonging to Pre and... more A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1416 women (age: 25 years or more), belonging to Pre and post-menopausal women (1351 & 65 respectively). All subjects were interviewed by using a structured Performa for prevalence of risk factors. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured to determine the degree of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia by speed of sound (SOS) and broad band ultrasound attenuation (BUA) in the calcaneus bone. It was observed that 272 (19.2%) amongst all subjects were osteoporotic, 890 (62.9%) osteopenic whereas only 254 (17.9%) were normal. When assessment was done in groups, it was found that out of the total postmenopausal women (n=65), 32 (49.5%) were osteoporotic while 28 (43.1%) were found to be osteopenic. On the other hand, in premenopausal women group (n=1351), 240 (17.83%) were found to be Osteoporotic while 862 (63.8%) were found to be Osteopenic. There was however no significant relation in the BMI of all the three groups. The prevalence of osteoporosis was found to be high in postmenopausal but Osteopenia in premenopausal women was reported to be alarmingly high in premenopausal women probably due to lifestyle and dietary risk factors. There is a need to explore the precise causative factors associated with the high prevalence of Osteopenia recorded in the present study.

IOSR Journal of Nursing and health Science, 2012

To determine difference in the perceptions and preferences of medical and non-medical students ab... more To determine difference in the perceptions and preferences of medical and non-medical students about utilization of different teaching methods. White Board, Overhead Projector, PowerPoint presentations, Computer Assisted (CD ROM's)/Web Based learning and Problem Based learning in order to recommend ways for their optimal utilization. Methods: Cross sectional survey was conducted on a convenient sample of 1173 undergraduate students belonging to medical and non-medical colleges from May 2011 to September 2011. The total response rate was 90.23%. Results: Over all 30.2% of the students chose PBL to be a reliable mode of teaching and 32.4 % believed that it provides a better learning experience. Majority of the students (34.8%, 43.5% and 40.8%) preferred case studies over PBL, Lectures, role playing and video tapes and believed that case studies develops the ability to understand the topic better and it is an interesting and interactive teaching method respectively. Majority of the medical students chose PBL whereas the non-medical students preferred case studies to be the best teaching method. Conclusion: Students have chosen PBL and case studies as the best teaching method and have preferred the integration of different teaching methods for better understanding.

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2014

Objective:To determine the prevalence of geriatric population who usesself-medication. To evaluat... more Objective:To determine the prevalence of geriatric population who usesself-medication. To evaluate the most common illnesses for which self-medication is being used and to know what are the common drugs which are by the geriatric population for self-medication. Methodology:It was a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted in Karachi on geriatric population over the age of 60 years. The study was done in May and August 2014.A total of 124 participants were selected for the study by non-probability purposive sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS 17. Written informed consent was obtained from each and every participant. Confidentiality and anonymity of the data was ensured. Results:Results show that 55.6% of the respondents were between the age of 61 to 65 years old, males respondents were predominant in the study group, all kinds of work status people were included in the study, 84.68% respondents indicated that they use self-medication in our study population, 70.5% of them used selfmedication on their own rather than on someone else's advice.Most of the population preferred to use selfmedication because of two reason, 32.4% because of their previous experience and 28.6% used self-medication as per their convenience. The most common symptoms to use self-medication are headache (46.0%) and pain elsewhere (37.1%). Pain killers are the most commonly used self-medication(64.5%) followed by herbal medications. Conclusion:In our study the prevalence of self-medication was high as compared to other studies conducted in Pakistan, in this study it was found that most common symptoms for which self-medication was used are headache and pain elsewhere, and pain killers are the most common drugs which are being used by the old age people.

IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2013

To be aware of non compliant TB patients for drug loyalty and also investigating the dread for dr... more To be aware of non compliant TB patients for drug loyalty and also investigating the dread for drugs in them. For public health community, tuberculosis (TB) has accessible confront in the developing countries although curative drugs exist, yet TB has remained the foremost killers among infectious diseases. The TB treatment regimen is long, intensive and fraught with potential side effects. For these reasons, only about 20% of people with TB successfully complete treatment. Cross sectional survey was conducted on a non-probability purposive sample of 349 TB patients attending JPMC Chest OPD, Malir Chest Clinic and Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Karachi in the month of June and July, 2007. All the patients who were administered Antituberculous drugs (ATT) under Direct Observed Treatment Strategy (DOTS) in the above mentioned period were included in the study. The total response rate was 93%. Out of 349 TB patients observed, 43% [150] were males and 57% [199] were females. 94% of the patients were following DOTS i.e. they regularly came to the clinics, but 5% were those who did not follow it regularly and skipped the daily medicine. Only 13% have quit taking medication themselves. 60% of the patients experienced side effects of the anti-TB drugs whereas 40% didn't experience any side effects. Proper counseling regarding the treatment options and side effects of the treatment can help reduce the challenges associated with adherence to the TB treatment.

Pak J Physiol, 2011

Background: The pharmacological and physiological studies on cardiac activity of reptiles specifi... more Background: The pharmacological and physiological studies on cardiac activity of reptiles specifically of Uromastix hardwickii are scarcely available in literature, as well as the effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic agonists together are also not available. Therefore, ...

…, 2011

In this study, perception and preferences of the medical students' studying at Dow Internati... more In this study, perception and preferences of the medical students' studying at Dow International Medical College have been described about the use of different teaching aids. Methods: Cross sectional survey was conducted on a stratified random sample of ...