Atsuhito Toyomaki - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Atsuhito Toyomaki

Schizophrenia Research, Dec 1, 2018

Please cite this article as: Nishida, K., et al., Social cognition and metacognition contribute t... more Please cite this article as: Nishida, K., et al., Social cognition and metacognition contribute to accuracy for self-evaluation of real-world functioning in patients with schizophrenia, Schizophr. Res.

Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, Dec 1, 2013

Quality of life (QOL) has been reported to be impaired in patients with major depressive disorder... more Quality of life (QOL) has been reported to be impaired in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), even after remission according to symptom rating scales. Although a relationship between QOL and neurocognitive dysfunction has been reported during depressive episodes, little is known about this relationship in remitted MDD patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between QOL and neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with remitted MDD while controlling for confounding factors. Forty-three remitted MDD patients were assessed with neuropsychological tests and QOL, which was measured by a short-form 36-item health survey. The neurocognitive performances of the patients were compared with those of 43 healthy controls. We next evaluated the relationships between neurocognitive impairments, clinical factors, and QOL. Remitted MDD patients had poorer neurocognitive performances than healthy controls for psychomotor speed, attention, and verbal memory. Residual depressive symptoms were strongly associated with QOL. Delayed verbal recall was associated with general health perceptions, which are part of the QOL assessment, even after the effects of the residual depressive symptoms were considered. The results may indicate that clinicians should try to detect neurocognitive dysfunctions that may interfere with QOL using neurocognitive assessments in their daily practice.

Neuroscience Letters, May 1, 2013

To evaluate neurocognitive functions of patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) without comor... more To evaluate neurocognitive functions of patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) without comorbidity using neuropsychological assessments and to investigate the relation between neurocognitive functions and clinical severity of SAD, this study assessed 30 SAD patients (10 female, 20 male) without comorbidity and 30 healthy subjects matched on gender, education level, and age. The neuropsychological assessment consisted of the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), the continuous performance test, the trail-making test, the word fluency test, and the auditory verbal learning test. On the WCST, patients showed lower performance than healthy controls did. The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale score correlated significantly with the numbers of perseverative errors of the WCST, although the State anxiety score of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory - Second Edition score showed no correlation with neuropsychological test scores. Results show that the executive functioning of patients with SAD was low and that the low functioning correlates with the SAD symptom severity.

Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, Apr 1, 2007

Concerning medical treatments for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), case re... more Concerning medical treatments for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), case reports have gradually been accumulating on the efficacy of psychostimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine and selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors such as atomoxetine. However, patients intolerant to psychostimulants currently have a very limited range of treatments available to them. Here, we report a case of an adult AD/HD patient whose inattention and hyperactivity were remarkably alleviated by milnacipran, a serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Milnacipran has fewer side effects than comparable drugs, and we believe it could be developed into a good curative treatment for AD/HD in the future.

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, May 1, 2014

Background: The suicide risk among young adults is related to multiple factors; therefore, it is ... more Background: The suicide risk among young adults is related to multiple factors; therefore, it is difficult to predict and prevent suicidal behavior. Aim: We conducted the present study to reveal the most important factors relating to suicidal ideation in Japanese university students with major depressive episodes (MDEs) of major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: The subjects were 30 Japanese university students who had MDEs of MDD, and were aged between 18 and 26 years old. They were divided into two groups-without suicide risk group (n=15), and with suicide risk group (n=15)-based on the results of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Additionally, healthy controls were recruited from the same population (n=15). All subjects completed the self-assessment scales including the Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition (BDI-II), the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and SF-36v2 TM (The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form health survey version 2), and they were all administered a battery of neuropsychological tests. Results: The RSES score of the suicide risk group was significantly lower than the RSES score of the without suicide risk group, whereas the BDI-II score and the BHS score were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean social functioning score on the SF-36v2 of the with suicide risk group was significantly lower than that of the without suicide risk group. Conclusion: The individual's self-esteem and social functioning may play an important role in suicide risk among young adults with MDEs of MDD.

Schizophrenia Research: Cognition, Sep 1, 2015

The P50 is an early component of auditory evoked potentials and a measure of sensory gating defic... more The P50 is an early component of auditory evoked potentials and a measure of sensory gating deficits. This evoked potential component is thought to be an important endophenotype candidate for schizophrenia. Recent research suggests that instead of the P50 ratio, S1 and S2 amplitudes should be evaluated for sensory gating. However, no studies have focused on the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and P50 sensory gating deficits using S1 and S2 amplitudes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between the P50 ratio (S2/S1), S1 and S2 amplitudes, and neuropsychological cognitive domains using stepwise multiple linear regression analyses. Results demonstrated a significant relationship between executive functioning and the P50 ratio and between sustained attention and S2 amplitude, respectively. Our findings suggest that the P50 ratio and S2 amplitude reflect distinct neurophysiological substrates associated with different cognitive functions.

Frontiers in Psychology, Aug 17, 2022

Background: Difficulty in distinguishing between self-generated actions and those generated by ot... more Background: Difficulty in distinguishing between self-generated actions and those generated by others is a core feature of schizophrenia. This is thought to be underpinned by the failure of corollary discharge. However, few studies have investigated these events using somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs). Methods: The study included 15 right-handed patients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls. SEP and SEF were elicited by electrical stimuli to the left median nerve at intervals of 1-3 s. In the external condition, stimuli were externally induced by a machine. In the self-condition, stimuli were induced by tapping the participants' own right index finger. Peak amplitude at C4' in SEP and root mean square in 10 channels on the right primary somatosensory area in SEF were analyzed. Results: Although there was a significant main effect of condition at N20m, and a significant main effect of condition and group at P30m, no significant interactions of condition and group were found in either N20m or P30m. The post-hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed that the peak value of P30m in the external condition was significantly higher than that in the self-condition in the healthy control group only. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the peak value of P30m in the self-condition and a positive symptom score. Conclusion: In the current study, we did not find abnormalities of corollary discharge in primary sensory areas in patients with schizophrenia. Further investigations with more cases may reveal the possibility of corollary discharge disturbance in the primary sensory cortex.

Clinical Neurophysiology, Sep 1, 2012

The aim of this study was to examine a sense of agency in schizophrenia patients using somatosens... more The aim of this study was to examine a sense of agency in schizophrenia patients using somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and fields (SEF). The subjects were 15 right-handed schizophrenia patients and 14 healthy controls. SEP and SEF were conducted with electrical stimuli to the left median nerve at intervals of 1–3 s. In ‘auto’ condition, the stimuli were externally induced. In ‘self’ condition, the stimuli were induced by tapping with their own right index finger. Peak to peak amplitude at C4 in SEP and root mean square (RMS) in 10 channels on right primary somatosensory area in SEF were analyzed. In SEP, the amplitude in ‘self’ was decreased with N33-P45, P45-N55, N55-P85 and P85N140 in control, while significant reduction was shown only with N33-P45 in schizophrenia. In SEF, there was no significant difference between ‘auto’ and ‘self’ condition in both groups about the RMS at N20m. However, at P30m, the RMS in ‘self’ was significantly decreased compared with that in ‘auto’ in control group only. Moreover, the RMS at P30m in ‘self’ in schizophrenia group was positively correlated with PANSS positive scale. These results suggest that positive symptom in schizophrenia patents may be caused by a malfunction of sense of agency.

Clinical Neurophysiology, Aug 1, 2011

slumbosacral Stimulation coil (MATS coil). We applied this method to a 72-year-old man with POEMS... more slumbosacral Stimulation coil (MATS coil). We applied this method to a 72-year-old man with POEMS syndrome. Compound muscle action potentials were recorded from the right biceps femoris muscle. The most distal and proximal parts of cauda equina were activated by MATS coil stimulation over the first sacral and the first lumbar spinous processes, respectively. This electrophysiological method demonstrated severely prolonged cauda equina conduction time (8.1 ms, normal values were 2.4 ± 0.8 ms). This result suggested proximal demyelinating lesions in this patient. Consequently, our result strongly supports the prior pathological findings that the demyelinating lesions exist in the proximal portions of the peripheral nerves although the axonal loss is observed in the distal portions.

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Jun 24, 2022

BackgroundDifferentiating between bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) durin... more BackgroundDifferentiating between bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) during the depressive episode is an important clinical challenge. Reward system abnormalities have received much attention as one of the biological underpinnings of BD and MDD, but few studies have directly compared these abnormalities in remitted and depressed states.MethodsThis was a functional MRI study using the Monetary Incentive Delay task in 65 patients (BD [n = 33], MDD [n = 32]) and 33 healthy controls (HC). Regions of interest (ROI) analysis with 21 ROIs related to reward anticipation and 17 ROIs related to gain outcome were implemented, as well as whole‐brain analysis. The difference in the dimensional effect of depression on brain activation was also examined.ResultsRelative to the HC group, BD patients showed significantly decreased activation during reward anticipation in the anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula (AI), and putamen, and MDD patients showed significantly decreased activation in the AI and brainstem. The dimensional effect of depression severity showed a trend‐level difference between BD and MDD in the right brainstem and left AI.ConclusionsThe current study showed a possible differential effect of depression on the reward system between MDD and BD. Further studies on reward systems might offer reliable markers to distinguish between MDD and BD patients in the depressive phase.

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Jun 4, 2017

D ISTURBANCES OF COGNITIVE functions, including verbal (learning) memory, in bipolar disorder hav... more D ISTURBANCES OF COGNITIVE functions, including verbal (learning) memory, in bipolar disorder have attracted interest. 1,2 The present study was conducted to determine if type of word learning tasks (i.e., whether or not evaluation is based on a word list with categorized items) affects severity of impairment of verbal memory in patients with bipolar disorder. The protocol for this study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the

Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 2008

Impairment in mismatch negativity (MMN) potentials is a robust finding in schizophrenia. There ar... more Impairment in mismatch negativity (MMN) potentials is a robust finding in schizophrenia. There are few studies which examined the correlation between MMN deficits and neuropsychological performances. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between deficits of tone duration MMN and various neuropsychological measures in schizophrenic patients (n = 23). The results demonstrated a significant correlation between low MMN amplitude and poor performances of executive function in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Test and Trail Making Test. Our finding suggests MMN deficits in schizophrenia predict deficits of executive function and might reflect ongoing functional abnormality of fronto-temporal interaction.

PLOS ONE, Aug 24, 2017

Several studies of self-monitoring dysfunction in schizophrenia have focused on the sense of agen... more Several studies of self-monitoring dysfunction in schizophrenia have focused on the sense of agency to motor action using behavioral and psychophysiological techniques. So far, no study has ever tried to investigate whether the sense of agency or causal attribution for external events produced by self-generated decision-making is abnormal in schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to investigate neural responses to feedback information produced by self-generated or other-generated decision-making in a multiplayer gambling task using even-related potentials and electroencephalogram synchronization. We found that the late positive component and theta/alpha synchronization were increased in response to feedback information in the self-decision condition in normal controls, but that these responses were significantly decreased in patients with schizophrenia. These neural activities thus reflect the self-reference effect that affects the cognitive appraisal of external events following decision-making and their impairment in schizophrenia.

Psychiatry Research-neuroimaging, Feb 1, 2021

While cognitive impairment is frequently reported in HIV-positive individuals and has historicall... more While cognitive impairment is frequently reported in HIV-positive individuals and has historically been associated with poorer functional outcomes, the associations between cognitive impairment and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in contemporary cohorts are unclear. Methods We tested cognitive function using a computerized battery (CogState TM) in 290 HIV-positive and 97 HIV-negative individuals aged ≥ 50 years participating in the Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Observations in People Over Fifty (POPPY) study. Participants completed questionnaires detailing physical and mental health [Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)], cognitive function [European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) questions], activities of daily living [Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)], depression [Patient Depression Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Centres for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D)], falls and sexual desire. Cognitive impairment was defined using the Frascati criteria, global deficit score (GDS) and multivariate normative comparison (MNC). In the HIV-positive group, the classification performances of the different definitions of cognitive impairment and dichotomized questionnaire results were calculated. Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment in the HIV-positive group was 34.5% (GDS), 30.0% (Frascati) and 22.1% (MNC), with only 2% diagnosed with HIV-associated dementia. In general, the associations between cognitive impairment and PROMs were weak regardless of the definition used: mean c-statistics were 0.543 (GDS), 0.530 (MNC) and 0.519 (Frascati). Associations were similar using the global T-score to define cognitive impairment. Summary health scores (SF-36) were lower, but only significantly so for those with cognitive impairment identified using MNC, for both mental health (61.4 vs. 75.8; P = 0.03) and physical health (60.9 vs. 75.0; P = 0.03). Conclusions The associations between cognitive impairment and PROMs were weak, possibly because impairment was mild and therefore largely asymptomatic. Further work is needed to elucidate the clinical implications of cognitive impairment in HIV-disease.

Neuroreport, Aug 1, 2012

Task switching is a well-known cognitive paradigm to explore task-set reconfiguration processes s... more Task switching is a well-known cognitive paradigm to explore task-set reconfiguration processes such as rule shifting. In particular, endogenous task switching is thought to differ qualitatively from stimulus-triggered exogenous task switching. However, no previous study has examined the neural substrate of endogenous task switching. The purpose of the present study is to explore the differences between event-related potential responses to exogenous and endogenous rule switching at cue stimulus. We modified two patterns of cued switching tasks: exogenous (bottom-up) rule switching and endogenous (top-down) rule switching. In each task cue stimulus was configured in order to induce switching or maintaining rule. In Exogenous switching tasks, late positive deflection was larger in the switch rule condition than in the maintain rule condition. However, in endogenous switching tasks late positive deflection was unexpectedly lager in the maintain rule condition than in the switch rule condition. These results indicate that exogenous rule switching is explicit stimulus-driven processes whereas endogenous rule switching is implicitly parallel processes independent of external stimulus.

Neuropsychopharmacology reports, Feb 22, 2023

AimSchizophrenia is characterized by an abnormality in electroencephalography (EEG), which can be... more AimSchizophrenia is characterized by an abnormality in electroencephalography (EEG), which can be affected by antipsychotic drugs. Recently, the mechanism underlying these EEG alterations in schizophrenia patients was reframed from the perspective of redox abnormalities. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) can be calculated using a computational method and may be useful for evaluating the antioxidant/prooxidant effect of antipsychotic drugs. Thus, we examined the association between the effects of antipsychotic monotherapy on quantitative EEG and HOMO/LUMO energy.MethodsWe used medical report data including EEG results of psychiatric patients admitted to Hokkaido University Hospital. We extracted the EEG records of patients diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder undergoing antipsychotic monotherapy during the natural course of treatment (n = 37). We evaluated the HOMO/LUMO energy of all antipsychotic drugs using computational methods. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the HOMO/LUMO energy of all antipsychotic drugs and spectral band power in all patients. Statistical significance was set at p < 6.25 × 10−4 adjusted with Bonferroni correction.ResultsWe showed that the HOMO energy of all antipsychotic drugs had weak positive correlations with delta‐ and gamma‐band power (e.g., standardized β = 0.617 for delta in the F3 channel, p = 6.6 × 10−5; standardized β = 0.563 for gamma in the O1 channel, p = 5.0 × 10−4).ConclusionAlthough there may be unexpected bias and confounding factors, our findings suggest that the effect of antipsychotic drugs on EEG may be related to their antioxidant actions.

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, May 27, 2016

analysis with structural equation modeling was performed for correlation between Japanese diet an... more analysis with structural equation modeling was performed for correlation between Japanese diet and health. As the result of the trend test, intake of rice and miso (fermented soybean paste) was correlated with sleep quality (trend p=0.006 and 0.003, respectively) and rice consumption is also correlated with impulsiveness (trend p=0.007). Fish consumption was correlated with impulsiveness (trend p=0.027). The path analysis indicated that rice consumption improves impulsiveness, depressiveness and sleep quality via indirect effect of miso consumption (p values for sum of indirect were 0.046, 0.037 and 0.010, respectively). The statistical analysis didn't show direct effect of bread consumption on physical and mental health, as well as the path analysis showed no significant fit for the indirect effect between bread consumption via miso consumption. Thus, rice-based diet, especially with miso consumption, is suggested to maintain mental health.

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, May 10, 2017

I N LINE WITH the recent initiative to establish a standard measure of cognitive decline in bipol... more I N LINE WITH the recent initiative to establish a standard measure of cognitive decline in bipolar disorder, 1,2 the present study tested the criterion-related validity and testretest reliability of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT)-II-Japanese version. 3,4 The protocol for the research project conformed to the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki, and has been approved by ethics committees of the