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Teaching Documents by Attamah Chikaodilil

Research paper thumbnail of Photocatalytic Activity of Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles on Degradation of Ciprofloxacin

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a Dynamic Neural Network Model for Multistep ahead Prediction of Exhaust Gas Temperature in Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a Dynamic Neural Network Model for Multistep ahead Prediction of Exhaust Gas Temperature in Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a Dynamic Neural Network Model for Multistep ahead Prediction of Exhaust Gas Temperature in Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

Research paper thumbnail of PROJECT WORK MAIN

Research paper thumbnail of PROJECT WORK MAIN

Research paper thumbnail of Ethanol production by vapour phase hydration of ethylene

Ethanol also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colourless liquid with... more Ethanol also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colourless liquid with the structural formular CH3CH2OH. It is often refered to as alcohol or spirits. Synthetic ethanol which is produced by hydration of ethylene has purity of 95-96%, this method is followed by all modern industries having a yield of about 95-97% of ethanol, this is a catalytic gaseous reaction where approximately about 5-6 kg of phosphoric acid is used. Commonly kieselguhr is selected as support for phosphoric acid deposition on their surface.
Ethylene and water are pumped from the spheres and storage tanks respectively to the stream of the recycling pipe line which is fed to the effluent pre heater shell side and then it heated to 2800C in furnace, the pressure about 70atm is maintained by the pressure controllers. The reactor is fixed bed and converts reactant to product with a conversion of 14%.
Main reaction:
CH2=CH2 + H2O →H3PO4→ C2H5OH at 2800C and 70atm
The outlet vapor mixture of the reactor is separated into products and unreacted reactants in high pressure separator. Unreacted reactants present in the separator top outlet are scrubbed with water to dissolve the ethanol carry over into the recycle stream. The vapors are recycled having 80-85% concentration of ethylene in such way so that the molar ratio of water to ethylene is 0.75:1 is maintained. The bottom of separator and scrubber is fed to the mixer for firther mixing of the ethanol and water stream from the separators and scrubbers. The product stream from the mixer is sent to the distillation column where 95% of ethanol is recovered.

Papers by Attamah Chikaodilil

Research paper thumbnail of Photocatalytic Activity of Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles on Degradation of Ciprofloxacin

In this research, Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using facile chemical prec... more In this research, Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using facile chemical precipitation method as a photocatalyst. The synthesized photo catalyst was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized Al 2 O 3 was studied on the degradation of ciprofloxacin as a model pollutant in UV light irradiation by conductometry method. The experiments were carried out by varying contact time from 1-5 hours and catalyst load from 0.5-2.5g. The optimum catalyst dose and contact time were found to be 1g and 1 hour respectively for the drug degradation. The result exhibited photocatalysis activity. The photocatalytic activity can be attributed to higher absorption of UltraViolet light by the synthesized Al 2 O 3 that led to formation of a large number of reactive species. The Kinetics study of the photodegradation process was explained in terms of the modified Langmuir Hinshelwood model. The values of the kinetic rate constant (k) of the photodegradation were 8.0x10-3 min-1 and 5.0x10-2 min-1 in the absence and presence of the synthesized photocatalyst respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Photocatalytic Activity of Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles on Degradation of Ciprofloxacin

Saudi journal of engineering and technology, Mar 12, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a Dynamic Neural Network Model for Multistep ahead Prediction of Exhaust Gas Temperature in Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

Several studies has reported the use of neural networks in the dynamic modelling and simulation o... more Several studies has reported the use of neural networks in the dynamic modelling and simulation of heavy duty turbines. However; focus on exhaust gas temperature a key indicator of turbine thermal health is yet to be made. In this paper the modelling of exhaust gas temperature using the non-linear autoregressive network and subsequent multi step prediction with data collected from GT13E2 turbine was embarked upon. Features which were statistically significant for EGT prediction were selected through stepwise regression. One hidden layer was sufficient to approximate the function and The optimal architecture for training was achieved by training the network with a fixed hidden neuron and varying time delay at the inputs and output. It is observed that the optimal performance is realized when the prediction is regressed at tapped input delay of 1 in open loop. 7 hidden neuron and 1 tapped delay is selected for function approximation after series of neurons ranging from 4-15 was tested...

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a Dynamic Neural Network Model for Multistep ahead Prediction of Exhaust Gas Temperature in Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2022

Several studies has reported the use of neural networks in the dynamic modelling and simulation o... more Several studies has reported the use of neural networks in the dynamic modelling and simulation of heavy duty turbines. However; focus on exhaust gas temperature a key indicator of turbine thermal health is yet to be made. In this paper the modelling of exhaust gas temperature using the non-linear autoregressive network and subsequent multi step prediction with data collected from GT13E2 turbine was embarked upon. Features which were statistically significant for EGT prediction were selected through stepwise regression. One hidden layer was sufficient to approximate the function and The optimal architecture for training was achieved by training the network with a fixed hidden neuron and varying time delay at the inputs and output. It is observed that the optimal performance is realized when the prediction is regressed at tapped input delay of 1 in open loop. 7 hidden neuron and 1 tapped delay is selected for function approximation after series of neurons ranging from 4-15 was tested. The appropriate model was carefully selected by utilizing the method of holdout cross validation, corrected Akaike Informationon Criterion and Schwartz Bayesian information criterion. The final architecture was trained, and converted to close loop NARX network where 100 time steps ahead prediction of EGT was made. Although it was observed that accuracy diminishes as prediction horizon increases, the chosen optimised architecture successfully predicted EGT 100 steps ahead with MAE of 2.9665 and RMSE of 3.9675. Therefore; the dynamic NARX model can be utilized for multistep ahead prediction in incidence of sensor malfunction at the turbine outlet of heavy duty gas turbines.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Study of the Bleaching of Crude Palm Oil Using Activated Bentonite Clay Activated Charcoal and Activated Periwinkle Shell

Comparative Study of the Bleaching of Crude Palm Oil Using Activated Bentonite Clay Activated Charcoal and Activated Periwinkle Shell, 2020

The bleaching of palm oil using acid activated local bentonite clay, charcoal and periwinkle shel... more The bleaching of palm oil using acid activated local bentonite clay, charcoal and periwinkle shell was studied. The raw oil was characterized to determine its properties .Chemical activation of the bleaching agent was done using Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) .the activated samples were used to adsorb color pigment from palm oil. The absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer and the opacity and percentage color reduction were obtained in each case. To study the adsorption capacity of the three bleaching agent, the effect of temperature ,adsorbent dosage and contact time were studied. The bleaching performance increase with temperature, contact time and dosage for the three adsorbent. The activated charcoal produced the best bleaching performance at varying bleaching temperature and contact time while the activated bentonite produced the best bleaching performance at varying dosage concentration. The Experimental data conformed to the Othorder rate equation for the three adsorbent. The rate constant for activated bentonite clay,charcoal and periwinkle shell are:0.01min-1,0.023min-1 and 0.064min-1. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to study the adsorption mechanism. the adsorption data conformed to the Freundlich isotherm for the three different adsorbent. The heat of adsorption of the acid activated bentonite clay was observed to be endothermic and most spontaneous with enthropy of -5.511Jmol-1, while the activated charcoal and Periwinkle shell is Exothermic.

Research paper thumbnail of Project

The bleaching of palm oil using acid activated local bentonite clay, charcoal and periwinkle shel... more The bleaching of palm oil using acid activated local bentonite clay, charcoal and periwinkle shell was studied. The raw oil was characterized to determine its properties .Chemical activation of the bleaching agent was done using Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) .the activated samples were used to adsorb color pigment from palm oil. The absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer and the opacity and percentage color reduction were obtained in each case. To study the adsorption capacity of the three bleaching agent, the effect of temperature ,adsorbent dosage and contact time were studied. The bleaching performance increase with temperature, contact time and dosage for the three adsorbent. The activated charcoal produced the best bleaching performance at varying bleaching temperature and contact time while the activated bentonite produced the best bleaching performance at varying dosage concentration. The Experimental data conformed to the Othorder rate equation for the three adsorbent. The rate constant for activated bentonite clay,charcoal and periwinkle shell are:0.01min-1,0.023min-1 and 0.064min-1. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to study the adsorption mechanism. the adsorption data conformed to the Freundlich isotherm for the three different adsorbent. The heat of adsorption of the acid activated bentonite clay was observed to be endothermic and most spontaneous with enthropy of -5.511Jmol-1, while the activated charcoal and Periwinkle shell is Exothermic.

Research paper thumbnail of Project

The bleaching of palm oil using acid activated local bentonite clay, charcoal and periwinkle shel... more The bleaching of palm oil using acid activated local bentonite clay, charcoal and periwinkle shell was studied. The raw oil was characterized to determine its properties .Chemical activation of the bleaching agent was done using Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) .the activated samples were used to adsorb color pigment from palm oil. The absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer and the opacity and percentage color reduction were obtained in each case. To study the adsorption capacity of the three bleaching agent, the effect of temperature ,adsorbent dosage and contact time were studied. The bleaching performance increase with temperature, contact time and dosage for the three adsorbent. The activated charcoal produced the best bleaching performance at varying bleaching temperature and contact time while the activated bentonite produced the best bleaching performance at varying dosage concentration. The Experimental data conformed to the Othorder rate equation for the three adsorbent. The rate constant for activated bentonite clay,charcoal and periwinkle shell are:0.01min-1,0.023min-1 and 0.064min-1. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to study the adsorption mechanism. the adsorption data conformed to the Freundlich isotherm for the three different adsorbent. The heat of adsorption of the acid activated bentonite clay was observed to be endothermic and most spontaneous with enthropy of -5.511Jmol-1, while the activated charcoal and Periwinkle shell is Exothermic.

Research paper thumbnail of Photocatalytic Activity of Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles on Degradation of Ciprofloxacin

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a Dynamic Neural Network Model for Multistep ahead Prediction of Exhaust Gas Temperature in Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a Dynamic Neural Network Model for Multistep ahead Prediction of Exhaust Gas Temperature in Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a Dynamic Neural Network Model for Multistep ahead Prediction of Exhaust Gas Temperature in Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

Research paper thumbnail of PROJECT WORK MAIN

Research paper thumbnail of PROJECT WORK MAIN

Research paper thumbnail of Ethanol production by vapour phase hydration of ethylene

Ethanol also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colourless liquid with... more Ethanol also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colourless liquid with the structural formular CH3CH2OH. It is often refered to as alcohol or spirits. Synthetic ethanol which is produced by hydration of ethylene has purity of 95-96%, this method is followed by all modern industries having a yield of about 95-97% of ethanol, this is a catalytic gaseous reaction where approximately about 5-6 kg of phosphoric acid is used. Commonly kieselguhr is selected as support for phosphoric acid deposition on their surface.
Ethylene and water are pumped from the spheres and storage tanks respectively to the stream of the recycling pipe line which is fed to the effluent pre heater shell side and then it heated to 2800C in furnace, the pressure about 70atm is maintained by the pressure controllers. The reactor is fixed bed and converts reactant to product with a conversion of 14%.
Main reaction:
CH2=CH2 + H2O →H3PO4→ C2H5OH at 2800C and 70atm
The outlet vapor mixture of the reactor is separated into products and unreacted reactants in high pressure separator. Unreacted reactants present in the separator top outlet are scrubbed with water to dissolve the ethanol carry over into the recycle stream. The vapors are recycled having 80-85% concentration of ethylene in such way so that the molar ratio of water to ethylene is 0.75:1 is maintained. The bottom of separator and scrubber is fed to the mixer for firther mixing of the ethanol and water stream from the separators and scrubbers. The product stream from the mixer is sent to the distillation column where 95% of ethanol is recovered.

Research paper thumbnail of Photocatalytic Activity of Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles on Degradation of Ciprofloxacin

In this research, Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using facile chemical prec... more In this research, Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using facile chemical precipitation method as a photocatalyst. The synthesized photo catalyst was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized Al 2 O 3 was studied on the degradation of ciprofloxacin as a model pollutant in UV light irradiation by conductometry method. The experiments were carried out by varying contact time from 1-5 hours and catalyst load from 0.5-2.5g. The optimum catalyst dose and contact time were found to be 1g and 1 hour respectively for the drug degradation. The result exhibited photocatalysis activity. The photocatalytic activity can be attributed to higher absorption of UltraViolet light by the synthesized Al 2 O 3 that led to formation of a large number of reactive species. The Kinetics study of the photodegradation process was explained in terms of the modified Langmuir Hinshelwood model. The values of the kinetic rate constant (k) of the photodegradation were 8.0x10-3 min-1 and 5.0x10-2 min-1 in the absence and presence of the synthesized photocatalyst respectively.

Research paper thumbnail of Photocatalytic Activity of Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles on Degradation of Ciprofloxacin

Saudi journal of engineering and technology, Mar 12, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a Dynamic Neural Network Model for Multistep ahead Prediction of Exhaust Gas Temperature in Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

Several studies has reported the use of neural networks in the dynamic modelling and simulation o... more Several studies has reported the use of neural networks in the dynamic modelling and simulation of heavy duty turbines. However; focus on exhaust gas temperature a key indicator of turbine thermal health is yet to be made. In this paper the modelling of exhaust gas temperature using the non-linear autoregressive network and subsequent multi step prediction with data collected from GT13E2 turbine was embarked upon. Features which were statistically significant for EGT prediction were selected through stepwise regression. One hidden layer was sufficient to approximate the function and The optimal architecture for training was achieved by training the network with a fixed hidden neuron and varying time delay at the inputs and output. It is observed that the optimal performance is realized when the prediction is regressed at tapped input delay of 1 in open loop. 7 hidden neuron and 1 tapped delay is selected for function approximation after series of neurons ranging from 4-15 was tested...

Research paper thumbnail of Development of a Dynamic Neural Network Model for Multistep ahead Prediction of Exhaust Gas Temperature in Heavy Duty Gas Turbines

Saudi Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2022

Several studies has reported the use of neural networks in the dynamic modelling and simulation o... more Several studies has reported the use of neural networks in the dynamic modelling and simulation of heavy duty turbines. However; focus on exhaust gas temperature a key indicator of turbine thermal health is yet to be made. In this paper the modelling of exhaust gas temperature using the non-linear autoregressive network and subsequent multi step prediction with data collected from GT13E2 turbine was embarked upon. Features which were statistically significant for EGT prediction were selected through stepwise regression. One hidden layer was sufficient to approximate the function and The optimal architecture for training was achieved by training the network with a fixed hidden neuron and varying time delay at the inputs and output. It is observed that the optimal performance is realized when the prediction is regressed at tapped input delay of 1 in open loop. 7 hidden neuron and 1 tapped delay is selected for function approximation after series of neurons ranging from 4-15 was tested. The appropriate model was carefully selected by utilizing the method of holdout cross validation, corrected Akaike Informationon Criterion and Schwartz Bayesian information criterion. The final architecture was trained, and converted to close loop NARX network where 100 time steps ahead prediction of EGT was made. Although it was observed that accuracy diminishes as prediction horizon increases, the chosen optimised architecture successfully predicted EGT 100 steps ahead with MAE of 2.9665 and RMSE of 3.9675. Therefore; the dynamic NARX model can be utilized for multistep ahead prediction in incidence of sensor malfunction at the turbine outlet of heavy duty gas turbines.

Research paper thumbnail of Comparative Study of the Bleaching of Crude Palm Oil Using Activated Bentonite Clay Activated Charcoal and Activated Periwinkle Shell

Comparative Study of the Bleaching of Crude Palm Oil Using Activated Bentonite Clay Activated Charcoal and Activated Periwinkle Shell, 2020

The bleaching of palm oil using acid activated local bentonite clay, charcoal and periwinkle shel... more The bleaching of palm oil using acid activated local bentonite clay, charcoal and periwinkle shell was studied. The raw oil was characterized to determine its properties .Chemical activation of the bleaching agent was done using Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) .the activated samples were used to adsorb color pigment from palm oil. The absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer and the opacity and percentage color reduction were obtained in each case. To study the adsorption capacity of the three bleaching agent, the effect of temperature ,adsorbent dosage and contact time were studied. The bleaching performance increase with temperature, contact time and dosage for the three adsorbent. The activated charcoal produced the best bleaching performance at varying bleaching temperature and contact time while the activated bentonite produced the best bleaching performance at varying dosage concentration. The Experimental data conformed to the Othorder rate equation for the three adsorbent. The rate constant for activated bentonite clay,charcoal and periwinkle shell are:0.01min-1,0.023min-1 and 0.064min-1. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to study the adsorption mechanism. the adsorption data conformed to the Freundlich isotherm for the three different adsorbent. The heat of adsorption of the acid activated bentonite clay was observed to be endothermic and most spontaneous with enthropy of -5.511Jmol-1, while the activated charcoal and Periwinkle shell is Exothermic.

Research paper thumbnail of Project

The bleaching of palm oil using acid activated local bentonite clay, charcoal and periwinkle shel... more The bleaching of palm oil using acid activated local bentonite clay, charcoal and periwinkle shell was studied. The raw oil was characterized to determine its properties .Chemical activation of the bleaching agent was done using Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) .the activated samples were used to adsorb color pigment from palm oil. The absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer and the opacity and percentage color reduction were obtained in each case. To study the adsorption capacity of the three bleaching agent, the effect of temperature ,adsorbent dosage and contact time were studied. The bleaching performance increase with temperature, contact time and dosage for the three adsorbent. The activated charcoal produced the best bleaching performance at varying bleaching temperature and contact time while the activated bentonite produced the best bleaching performance at varying dosage concentration. The Experimental data conformed to the Othorder rate equation for the three adsorbent. The rate constant for activated bentonite clay,charcoal and periwinkle shell are:0.01min-1,0.023min-1 and 0.064min-1. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to study the adsorption mechanism. the adsorption data conformed to the Freundlich isotherm for the three different adsorbent. The heat of adsorption of the acid activated bentonite clay was observed to be endothermic and most spontaneous with enthropy of -5.511Jmol-1, while the activated charcoal and Periwinkle shell is Exothermic.

Research paper thumbnail of Project

The bleaching of palm oil using acid activated local bentonite clay, charcoal and periwinkle shel... more The bleaching of palm oil using acid activated local bentonite clay, charcoal and periwinkle shell was studied. The raw oil was characterized to determine its properties .Chemical activation of the bleaching agent was done using Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) .the activated samples were used to adsorb color pigment from palm oil. The absorbance was measured using a spectrophotometer and the opacity and percentage color reduction were obtained in each case. To study the adsorption capacity of the three bleaching agent, the effect of temperature ,adsorbent dosage and contact time were studied. The bleaching performance increase with temperature, contact time and dosage for the three adsorbent. The activated charcoal produced the best bleaching performance at varying bleaching temperature and contact time while the activated bentonite produced the best bleaching performance at varying dosage concentration. The Experimental data conformed to the Othorder rate equation for the three adsorbent. The rate constant for activated bentonite clay,charcoal and periwinkle shell are:0.01min-1,0.023min-1 and 0.064min-1. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to study the adsorption mechanism. the adsorption data conformed to the Freundlich isotherm for the three different adsorbent. The heat of adsorption of the acid activated bentonite clay was observed to be endothermic and most spontaneous with enthropy of -5.511Jmol-1, while the activated charcoal and Periwinkle shell is Exothermic.