Tony Auditore - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
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Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Aragua "Federico Brito Figueroa"
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Papers by Tony Auditore
2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE), 2018
A safe and reliable grounding system plays a critical role in the design of an effective lightnin... more A safe and reliable grounding system plays a critical role in the design of an effective lightning protection system of a wind turbine generator. An accurate design of grounding electrodes is required to achieve the necessary low impedance of a wind turbine generator earthing system. IEC 61400-24 provides guidelines for selecting the minimum length of an earth electrode, however, this standard cannot be utilized for all types of electrode shapes and buried depths. Moreover, it is important to address the frequency dependency of soil resistivity for the selection of electrode length. This paper proposes a novel method enhancing the IEC 61400-24 standard method. Also, a thorough analysis of existing method with suitable recommendations for the selection of electrode length for various dimension and buried depth to address the frequency dependency issue has been provided. Finally, guidelines for the selection of electrode length for the wind turbine grounding design from the lightning ...
2018 International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2018
The earthing system is a crucial component of the lightning protection system in a wind turbine g... more The earthing system is a crucial component of the lightning protection system in a wind turbine generator. In particular, the length of the earth electrodes has a significant role in the wind turbine earthing resistance value. The state of the art standard IEC 61400-24 provides guidance on the design of the earthing system. However, this method assumes uniform soil resistivity. This paper proposes a more accurate method to calculate the minimum length of the earth electrode for a two-layer soil model considering electrode dimension, burying depth and frequency. The proposed method is implemented for measured values of soil resistivity for three wind turbine sites and compared to results from traditional methods. We found that using the proposed method results in a decrease in the lightning generated ground potential rise of up to 64% compared to the conventional method.
2018 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2018
IEEE Access
A safe and cost-effective design of a wind turbine generator (WTG) grounding system requires accu... more A safe and cost-effective design of a wind turbine generator (WTG) grounding system requires accurate modelling of local soil resistivity, particularly when wind turbines are spatially distributed across a wide area with different soil types and features. In this article, three locations at an Australian wind farm were modelled based on measured data. Four soil resistivity models were considered: uniform, multilayer horizontal, vertical, and exponential variation with depth. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations were performed at different lightning discharge current frequencies to find the expected ground potential rise and WTG earthing impedance in the event of a lightning strike. Further, the effect of frequency dependent soil parameters on the WTG earthing was analysed, along with the effect of foundation rebar on the grounding impedance. Our results show that an accurate soil resistivity model is critical in the design of a WTG earthing system. INDEX TERMS Wind turbine generator, lightning protection, soil resistivity, grounding system, grounding impedance, ground potential rise.
2018 International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for Sustainable Development (ICUE), 2018
A safe and reliable grounding system plays a critical role in the design of an effective lightnin... more A safe and reliable grounding system plays a critical role in the design of an effective lightning protection system of a wind turbine generator. An accurate design of grounding electrodes is required to achieve the necessary low impedance of a wind turbine generator earthing system. IEC 61400-24 provides guidelines for selecting the minimum length of an earth electrode, however, this standard cannot be utilized for all types of electrode shapes and buried depths. Moreover, it is important to address the frequency dependency of soil resistivity for the selection of electrode length. This paper proposes a novel method enhancing the IEC 61400-24 standard method. Also, a thorough analysis of existing method with suitable recommendations for the selection of electrode length for various dimension and buried depth to address the frequency dependency issue has been provided. Finally, guidelines for the selection of electrode length for the wind turbine grounding design from the lightning ...
2018 International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2018
The earthing system is a crucial component of the lightning protection system in a wind turbine g... more The earthing system is a crucial component of the lightning protection system in a wind turbine generator. In particular, the length of the earth electrodes has a significant role in the wind turbine earthing resistance value. The state of the art standard IEC 61400-24 provides guidance on the design of the earthing system. However, this method assumes uniform soil resistivity. This paper proposes a more accurate method to calculate the minimum length of the earth electrode for a two-layer soil model considering electrode dimension, burying depth and frequency. The proposed method is implemented for measured values of soil resistivity for three wind turbine sites and compared to results from traditional methods. We found that using the proposed method results in a decrease in the lightning generated ground potential rise of up to 64% compared to the conventional method.
2018 IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2018
IEEE Access
A safe and cost-effective design of a wind turbine generator (WTG) grounding system requires accu... more A safe and cost-effective design of a wind turbine generator (WTG) grounding system requires accurate modelling of local soil resistivity, particularly when wind turbines are spatially distributed across a wide area with different soil types and features. In this article, three locations at an Australian wind farm were modelled based on measured data. Four soil resistivity models were considered: uniform, multilayer horizontal, vertical, and exponential variation with depth. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations were performed at different lightning discharge current frequencies to find the expected ground potential rise and WTG earthing impedance in the event of a lightning strike. Further, the effect of frequency dependent soil parameters on the WTG earthing was analysed, along with the effect of foundation rebar on the grounding impedance. Our results show that an accurate soil resistivity model is critical in the design of a WTG earthing system. INDEX TERMS Wind turbine generator, lightning protection, soil resistivity, grounding system, grounding impedance, ground potential rise.